1. ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත ෙහේවෙග්
03 mrspzfPAoh (03 Chapter)
fu;a;d ixl,amh & wdfjzok moku
(Metta Concept : Foundation of Affective )
wdfjzok hk jpkh iZoyd bx.@Sis NdIdfjka Affective hk jok jHjydr
flfrA'1 fuz Affective hk jok iZoyd wF:! jYfhka ps;a;fjz.sl" wdfjzoksl" l@shdldrS"
n,mdk" Woafjz.hla" wdfjzok hk f;areuz iuQyh Ndjs;d lr we;'2 idudkHfhka idrOu!
yd ixl,am ms<snZoj bx.@Sis NdIdfjka rps; fndfyda ufkdajsoHd jsIhh fCIa;@hg wh;a
.@F:hkays fuu wrA:h iZoyd Ndjs;d jS we;af;a Emotion hk bx.@Sis jokhs'3 wF:! jYfhka
fuu Emotion yd Affective hk jpk folu iudkdrA:j;a f,i jHjydr flfrA'
Emotion hk jofkys wF:! jkqfha ps;a;fjz.h" Woafjz.h" rih yd Ndjh hkakhs'
tfukau Ndjh hkak weZ.jSu iZoyd bx.@Sis NdIdfjz Wesen, affection, being, emotion,
entity, gist, meaning, nature, order, sentiment, status hk joka Ndjs;d jS ;sfnz'4
affection hk jpkfhys wrA: f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha iafkayh" ohdj"
frda.h" wdorh" wdndOh" wkqrd.h" Ndjh" jskaokh" wdfjzokh yd jd;ai,H hkdoshhs'5
tfiau emotion hk jpkfhys wrA: f,i ps;a;fjz.h" Woafjz.h" rih yd Ndjh hk wrA:
iuQyh o being hk jpkfhys wrA: f,i i;a;dj" i;ajhd" i;d" cSjh" Ndjh" N~;hd"
m@dKh" meje;au yd ila ( fuys oS ilaldh osgzGs hk wrA:h m@Nj jSug n,mdk ,o ila +
ldh = ilaldh hk jok ;ekS we;s wkaou ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq jSu jeo.;ah' ) hk wrA:
iuQyhka o entity hk jpkfhys wrA: f,i wdia:s;Hh" ia:s;sh" ia:s;s" jia;`j" wia;s;ajh"
Ndjh yd N~;hd hk wrA: iuQyhka o meaning hk jpkfhys wrA: f,i f;areu" woyi"
wre;" wNsm@dh" Pdhd" Pdhdj" Ndj yd N~;drA:h hk wrA: iuQyhka o nature hk
jpkfhys iegsh" ienEj" iajrEmh" iajNdjh" jrA.h" fidndoyu" .;sh" .`Kh" ckau
.;sh" OrAu;dj" Ndjh" ,CIKh" ksiZ." ksirA. nj" Ou!h" m@lD;sh yd irEm" hk wrA:
iuQyhka o sentiment hk jpkfhys f,i ufkda .;sh" ye.Su" u;h" wNsm@dh" rih"
Ndjh" rxckh yd ufkdaNdjh hk wrA: iuQyhka o status hk jpkfhys f,i ia:s;Hh"
ia:s;sh" whs;sh" ;rd;sru" ;ru;sru" Ndj" Ndjh yd ;;ajh hk wrA: iuQyhka o order
hk jpkfhys f,i wkqms<sfj<" hqla;s OrAu;dj" ksldh" ms<sfj<" iduh" ie,iqu" iudch"
ix>hd" ixjsOdkh" Tzvrh" jev ms,sfj<" jekak" jok" jrA.h" fufyjr" Ydikh"
wdZ{dj" wdZ{d m;@h" wiqk" wiak" weKjqu" Tf<dx.`j" l@uh" wK" wkq l@uh" .Kh"
94

2. jsOsh" jsOdkh" ;SrK wdZ{dj" Ndjh" mgsmdgsh" ksis md,kh" ms<sfj<" kshuh" ksfhda.h"
m@ldrh" m@luh" msrsi" wkq ms,sfj<" jskh" f.da;@h" iegs" iuzj;d" iQ;@" irKs" ika
lrkjd" wK lrkjd" ms<sfh< lrkjd" kshu lrkjd yd Tiq b,a,d hjkjd hk wrA:
iuQyhka o fmkajd osh yelsh' fulS jpk ish,a, i,ld n,k l< lsishuz ixl,amhl
Ndjuh ;;ajh weZ.jSu msKsi jvd;a fhda.Hu yd Wps;u jpkh l`ulaoehs ;SrKhlg
t<Ush yelsh' tnejska Ndjuh ixfjzokhka ksrEmKh lsrSu msKsi Wps;u moh tys mqZM,au
wrA: ksrEmKh f,i fuys l,ska fmkajd fok ,o Affective hkak meyeos,sh' fuu
Affective hk jpkfhka lsishuz ixl,amhl tla;rd me;slvla jQ Ndjuh ;;ajh losug
ksrEmKh lr oelajsh yelsh' tfukau Ydia;@Sh jYfhka jvd;a ishquzu ufkda.;sl ia:rhla
lrd wmf.a jsurAYkh fufyhjSug jvd jevs bv m@ia;djla o fuz uZ.ska Wodfjz'
Affective hk jpkh m@Nj jSug uq,a jQ Affection hk Ynzoh odrAYksl
wrA:fhka Ndjs;d jSu wdruzN jQfha crAuka NdIdfjz we;s jpkhka jk tflafgkaf,yafrA (
Affektenlehre ) hk jok uq,a jSfuks'6 th ix.S; fi#kaorAh Ydia;@fhys isoaOdka;hka
ms<snZoj fh|=kls' mqZM,a f,i oelajqjfyd;a wikakka ;`< jsjsO jQ b;d jsfYaIs;uh Ndjhka
cks; lsrSug iu;a jkakd jQ iajr rgdjka yeZoskajSu msKsi fuh Ndjs;d lr ;sfnz' jsYajdi
lrk wkaoug fulS odrAYksl woyfiys idrh ckm@sh ix.S;Z{hskayg WmlrKhka ;`<ska
kefZ.kakd jQ ix.S;fhys kdorgdjka ksrAudKYS,Snjg m;a lrjSu uZ.ska iy wikakka ;`<
tuZ.ska Ndjd;sYh l`ZM .ekajSula we;s lrjSu uZ.ska jvd;a is;a .kakd iqZM ix.S;hla
ksrAudKh lrkakg yelshdj we;s njhs' ix.S;fhys we;s by; iZoyka l< .`Khka
wdfjzok mCIfhys o olakg ,efnk nejska ix.S; ( fi#kaorAh ) Ydia;@fhys isoaOdka;hka
ms<snZoj Ndjs;d lrkakg fh|=Kq wdfjzokh hk jHjydrh ffcj ixfjzokhla kuz lsrSu
jsIfhys o Ndjs;d lrkakg jsh' jsfYaI jYfhka ix.S;fhys yd fi#kaorAhh Ydia;@fhys
jsia;r jk ixOzjksh ;`< .enzjk f,,fok iajNdjh yd pu;aldr ckl iajNdjh
95

3. wdfjzok .`Kfhys o ta wdldrfhka .enz jSu ksid wdfjzokh yeZoskajSu iZoyd o ix.S;fhys
Ozjks .`Kfhys tla;rd iajNdjhla yeZoskajSu msKsi Ndjs;d l< Affective hk mohu
jHjydr lrkakg jsh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enz jkakd jQ fi#uH yd pu;aldr ckl
iajNdjh tu ;;ajh wdfjzokh Affective f,i jHjydr lrkakg fya;`jla jS ;snQ nj fuz
wkqj meyeos,s fjz' usksia ixfjzokhkays b;du;au ishquz Ndjuh wjia:djla wdfjzokh
hkqfjka kuz jS ;sfnz' tfukau fulS ishquz nj jvd;a lemS fmfkkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh
ms<snZoj idlpzPd lrk wjia:djhka ysoSh'7
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok moku hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka fu;a;d
idrOrAuh ms<snZoj we;slr.kakd jQ Ndjuh m@ia;`;hhs'8 Ndjuh ;;ajh f.dvkefZ.kafka
huzlsis idrOrAuhla yd iuznJO yeZ.Suz ps;a;fjz. ufkdaNdj wdosh tla;eka jSu uZ.sks'9 nq|=
iufhys ffp;isl mCIfhka ksrEmKh jkafka fuu Ndjuh ;;ajhhs'10 fu;a;d
fpf;dajsuqla;s wdosfhka m@ldYjkQfha fulS l~Gm@dma;jQ mru ksIaGdj lrd <Z.djQ Ndjuh
mrsmQrAKFjhhs. wdfjzokhka idudkHfhka udkisl mCIfhka l@shdldrS udkisl jQ o ufkda
.;sl iajNdjhka o fj;a' tfukau tys lsishuz fjz.j;a iajNdjhlao w;aoelsh yelsh' fuu
,CIKhka tkuz wdfjzok iajNdjh w;aolsk js,dYh usksidg fukau iFj f,dalfhys
fjk;a cSjSkago msysgd ;sfnz' nsh" i;`g" fldamh, iduQyslFjh" us;@YS,SFjh jeks udkisl
wdfjzok iajNdjhka usksidg fukau ish,q iFj m@cdjgu fmd|= wdfjzok fj;a' tla;rd
w;lg fuu wdfjzohka iFj meje;afuys wLKav;djh ;SrKh lrkakd jQ idOlhla f,io
fmkajd osh yelsh' ula ksido h;a fuu wdfjzok uZ.ska iFj jrA.hdg Tjqkaf.a ffoksl
wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSug lsishuz bZ.shla fukau bv m@ia;djla ie,fik nejsks'11
usksid we;`ZM ffcj m@cdju iuia;hla f,i .;a l< iduQysl cSjs;h ms@h lrkafkda fj;a'
ffcj jrA.hd fuu iduQysl cSjs;hg m@sh lsrSug mgka .kq ,enQfjz fuhg fndfyda wE;
ld, jljdkqjlg fmr mgkah' ta Tjqkaf.a wdrCIdjg yd meje;aug jsjsOdldrfhka
;rAckhka mrsirfhka" fidndoyfuka yd fjk;a iFj jsfYaIhka uZ.ska t,a,jkakg jQ
ld,jljdkqj ;`,oSh' jsfYaIfhkau ;ks ;ksj yqol,d jqjfyd;a ;u jrA.hd usys u;ska jZo
jS h;ehs hk wjodkug yd ;rAckhg ,la jQ fndfyda ffcj jsfYaIhka ish meje;au
;yjqre lr.ekSu msKsi iduQysl cSjk fmfj;lg yqre mqre|= jQy'12 fuu ;rAckhka
cdkuh yd fjk;a ffcjSh lreKq iuznJOfhka mjd t,a, jkakg jsh' iduQysl osjs
fmfj;la ;`, oS ;uka ;ksjS ke;ehs hk wdl,amh fukau nsfhka wdrCIdjSu" l`i.sskak
m,jd yerSu msKsi ork ,o iduQysl m@h;akhka" fjk;a cSjS jsfYaIhkaf.ka ish cSjs;hg
t,a, jk wys;lr n,mEu wju lr.ekSu jeks lreKq ms<snZoj jsfYaI ie,ls,a,la oelajSu
;;a ld,jljdkqj wkqj b;d wjYH fohla jS ;snsKs' fujeks wjOdkd;aul ld,mrspzfPaohla
.; lruska isgS ffcj jrA.hd yg us;@Fjh ms<snZo uQ,sl wvs;d,u jegqfka fulS iduQysl osjs
fmfjf;ys wjYH;djh u;` jSu;a iuZ.uh'13
96

4. idudkH jYfhka us;@YS,S wdl,am j,ska
iukajs; jqj;a tlS us;@YS,S nj jvd;a jevs jrAOkhg
,lajkqfha mYapd;a ld,Sk jYfhks' mYapd;a ld,Skj
fiiq iFj jsfYaIhka wNsNjkh lruska usksid fmrg
meusfK;au usksid ;`< ixjrAOkh jS mej;s udkisl
mrsK;sfhys iajNdjhg iu.duSj Tyq ;`< us;@YS,S
wdl,amhka ixl,am ugzgfukq;a Tnzng jrAOkh jkakg
jsh' tkuz ffcj f,dj ;`< fjfikakd jQ wfkl`;a iFj
jrA.hkayg fuka yqfola lsishuz idudkH udkisl
ixfjzos iajNdjhla muKla fkdjS th jrAOs; wdfjzok
iajNdjhla njg mrsjrA;kh jsh' fjk;a ffcj
jsfYaIhkays fkdue;s tfy;a usksidgu wdfjzKsl jQ
wdfjzok l`i,;djhka usksid w;am;a lr .kq ,enQfjz
Tyq ;`< ixjrAOkh jS meje;s udkisl mrsK;sh
ksiduh'14 fuu udkisl mrsK;sh fya;`fldgf.k
usksid ;`< we;s fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv
Tyq;`< we;a;d jQ ishZM udkisl |=rAj,;d wNsNjkh
l< yels wdldrfhka ixjrAOkhg md;@ l< yelshdj
ysus lrf.k isgshs' fuz ksid jsYajfhys fjkia lsis|= iFj jsfYaIhlg ish meje;au wrUhd
iajdOSkj lghq;` l< fkdyels wdldrhlska hqla;j lghq;` lr tuZ.ska iajlSh iod;ksl
jsula;sh YdlaId;a lr.kakg mjd usksidg yels jS ;snSu usksi;a nfjys we;s fY@aIaGFjh
lshdmdkakd jQ losu wjia:djls'15
fu;a;d idrOrAufhys wdfjzok moku hg;g .efkkafka ps;a;fjz.Sh
jYfhka fl;ruz ixfjzoSNdjhla tys .enzjkafka o hk lreK yd wNHka;r.; ps;a;
ifudaOdkh ta ;`<ska we;s lr,kafka flfiao hk lreKqh'16 wNsOrAu yd iQ;@ msglhkays
.enzjk iQ;@foaYkd yd jskh msglfhys pq,a,j.a.md,s yd uyd j.a.md,s hk fm<
.@J:j,ska m@lg flfrkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok moku .eUqrska wOHhkh lsrSu
uZ.ska prAhd ixialrK l@ufjzohla jYfhka th nq|=iufhys Ndjs;hg .kq ,enQ wdldrh
ms<snZoj meyeos,s wjfndaOhla ,ensh yelsh' fuz uZ.ska ;;ahq.fhys wOHdmk jsOs l@uhla
jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok moku w;s idrA:l f,i Ndjs;hg .kq ,enQ
wdldrh ms<snZoj meyeos,s jegySula o ,ensh yelsjkq we;'17
fu;a;d idrOrAufhys wdfjzzok mokug wh;ajkafka ps;a; ffp;isl
jYfhka nq|=iufhys oelafjk ukfiys Ndjuh ia:rfhys we;s ishquz iajrEmhhs' fuz hgf;a
mqoa., ukfia we;sjk Ndjuh ;;ajhkag wkql~, jk mrsoafoka fu;a;d idrOrAuh uZ.ska
97

5. we;slrk fm#reI ixjrAOkh mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; lsishuz ksYaps; ia:dkhla lrd
wod< mqoa.,hdj b,lal.; lrjk nejz meyeos,sj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' uq,a nq|=iufha js.@yjk
fpzf;dajsuqla;shg mdoljk Ndjuh l~Gm@dma;sh weiqrska fu;a;d idrOrAufhys wdfjzok
moku wrA: olajd we;' jspdr mQrAjl jsYaf,aIKhka is|=l< hq;` wjia:djkays oS wdNsOuzusl
jsjrKhkays yd wgzGl:djkays18 .enzjkakdjQ ufkdajsoHd;aul js.@yhka uZ.ska fulS
fu;a;d idrOrAufhys wdfjzok moku .eUqrska wOHkhg ,lajsKs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska Ndjuh .`Kfhka fmdaIs; idrOu!hls'
ys;j;anj us;`renj ;`< is;g oefkkafka lsishuz uq|= fudf<dla wdl,amhls' us;`renj
fyj;a ys;j;anj uq|= fudf<dlah'19 tfukau tys lsishuz taldnoaO;djhla legsjqkq
yeZ.Sulao f.kfohs' fuu ys;j;a iajNdjh we;sjkafka iuia; cSj m@cdju ;ukaf.a cSjs;h
yd iiZod ne,Su ;`,ska we;slr.kakd ,o iuia;;djh uZ.sks'20 lsishuz flfkl` ;ud ;`<
olskakdjQ ys;j;anj yd cSj;ajSfuz we;s leue;a; wkH cSjSka jsIfhyso Tjqfkdjqkag
idOdrKnj oel wjfndaO lr.kshs' tfiau tf,i wjfndaO lr.ekSuka wk;`rej ;uka
iajlSh wNHka;rh ;`< olskakdjQ iajNdjh wkH cSj m@cdj ;`<o ta wdldrfhkau oelSu
ksid ;uka wkH cSjSkaf.ka fjkajQ wkH jQ iajrEmhla fkdfmkajk yq|= iuia;fhau
ksrEmKhla f,i yZ.shs' ;uka iuia;h ;`< oelSu fukau iuia;h ;uka ;`< oelSu o
fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska is|= flfrA' fuz wdldrfhka iuia;h iuia;h ;`< isgskakd jQ tla
tla cSjshd ;`,ska oel yZ|=kd .ekSu iuia;h flfrys tla tla cSjshd olajkakd jQ odhlFjh
meyeos,s lrjk ia:dkhls' iuia;h ;`< talSh iajNdjh fukau talSh iajNdjh ;`<
iuia;h ms<snZo wdl,amh we;s jkafka ;ud wkH cSjSkaf.ka fjka fldg l,amkd lrkakdjQ
iajNdjh jshqla; lsrSu uZ.sks'21
;uka wkH cSjSkaf.ka fjkalr olajkafka wd;audrA:h uZ.sks' wd;audrA:h yg
.kqfha iuia;h yd ;ud hkq tlu i;a iajNdjfha jsNskak iajrEmhka nj jgyd fkd.ekSu
ksidh' fuz whqrska tlu i;a iajNdjfha jsNskak iajrEmhka fmkajkafka ukao hk ldrKh
fuysoS u;`jk jeo.;a lreKls' thg fya;`j kuz tu jsNskak iajrEmhka ienE f,iu
m@mxp f,dj ;`< jsoHdudk fohdldr iajNdjhla fkdj ta foi n,kakdjQ oDIaGsfhys fjkia
iajrEmh u; flfkl` ukiska m@cdkkh lr.kq ,nkakd jQ wdldrh fjz' wdruzNfhaoS nqoaOs
jsIhhl iajrEmhla m@orAYkh l<o wjidkfhaoS fuu ;;ajh Ndjuh .`Khla njg
mrsjrA;kh fjz' fuys Ndjuh ;;ajh kuz ;ud ;uka flfrysu fukau iuia;h flfryso
us;@Fjh f.dv kZ.d .ekSuhs' fuu l@shdj,sh ;`,oS is|=jkqfha ;ud iuia;h flfrys
tald;ausl jSuhs' fuu tald;ausl jSu jkdyS wdOHd;ausl neZoSuls' th Ndjuh mCIh
ksfhdackh lrhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys fulS nkaOkSh iajNdjh uekjska wka;rA.; fjz'
fuu wdOHd;aul ;;ajh fyj;a Ndjuh iajNdjh uD|= ugis,sgs iajNdjhla m@;sksrAudKh
lrkakls' idrOu! mCIfhys,d th wod< jkafka l`i,h fnfyjska uD|= yd ugis,sgs
98

6. iajNdjhla .kakd ksidh' l`i,h ieye,a,qh' is;g yd lhg wdYajdo ckl wdl,am j,ska
msrS we;' uki uD|= lrjk ieye,a,q lrjk fuu wdfjzok ;;ajh fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
fnfyjska nyq, f,i wka;rA.;h' ys;j;a nj we;s jkafka uD|= f,i l,amkd lsrSu ksidh'
wkH cSj m@cdj flfrys uD|= yd WKqiquz f,i Ndjuh m@;spdrhla oelajSug wjldY
ie,fikafka ukfiys mj;skakd jQ ieye,a,qnj ksid we;s jk ps;a; m@fndaOhhs'22
udkisl wd;;s rys; nj uZ.ska jvd;a ksjeros
jsksYaphka .ekSug is;g wjldY ,efnk
mrsoafoka is; ieye,a,qNdjhg m;a fjz'
ksrjoH;djh fyj;a ;uka ksjeros flfkl`h
hk udkisl yeZ.Su TzkEu flfkl`f.a is;
iqjm;a lrjkakd jQ ldrKhls' fuz fya;`j
ksid ksrjoH;djh ms<snZo flfkl` ;`< we;s
jkakd jQ hym;a wdl,amh TzkEu flfkl`f.a
udkisl ksfrda.S;djh msKsi ukd msgsjy,la
imhkakla njg m;a fjz' fuz fya;`j ksid
TzkEu flfkla ;uka ks;ru ksjeros l@shd
lrkakd jQ ksjeros flfkl`h hk yeZ.Su we;s
lr .ekSug fukau iudcfhys wka fndfyda
fokd ;uka ksjeros flfkl`h hk udkisl
Fjfhka hq;`j ;uka foi n,kq oelSug b;d
reps lr;s' fuu cSj jsoHd;aul wjYH;djhla
muKgu udkjhdf.a ukfiys b;du;a ;oska ;ekam;a jQ ldrKhls' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
;j;a tla yria lvla jkqfha fuu ksrjoH;djh ms<snZo yeZ.Su ukisg ldjeoaoSug th
iu;aluz oelajSuhs' iEu flfkl`u l@shd lsrSfuzoS yels;dla ;ukaf.a l@shdjka ksrjoH
wdl,amhlska hq;`j fufyhjSug Wkka|= jkafka Tjqka ;`< n,mj;ajk fuu ksrjoH;djh
ms<snZo yeZ.Suhs'23 kuq;a wjdikdjlg fuka fndfyda fokd ksjeros hehs is;d lrkakd jQ
fndfyda l@shdjka ksid fmd|=fjz udkj j.!hdg f.k fokafka ys;lr jsmdl fkdfjz' ta
Tjqkaf.a l@shdjka wd;audrA:h uZ.ska oevsj uev mj;ajkq ,nk ksidh' wd;audrA:h kuz
iuia;fhka mqoa.,hd fjka lr,kq ,nk jeros oDIaGshhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fuu jeros
oDIaGsh usksia ukfika bj;a lr oukq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska mqoa., ika;dkh ;`<
we;sjkafka fmd|=nj yd iduQyslFjh ms<snZo yeZ.Suls' fuu fmd|= nj yd iduQyslFjh ms<snZo
yeZ.Su jQ l,S iuia;fhka mqoa.,hd fjka lr oukq ,nkakd jQ wd;audrA:hg m@;sjsreoaO jQ
yeZ.Suhs'24
99

7. fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;a;d jQ fuu iduQyslnj ms<snZo wdl,amh yd
fmd|=nj ms<snZo yeZ.Su uZ.ska mqoa., l@shdfjys ksrjoH;djh we;slrkq ,nhs' fuhska m@ldY
jkafka wd;audrA:fhka f;dr jQ is;ska hq;`j lrkq ,nk lshkq ,nk tfukau is;kq ,nk
iEu fohla ;`<u mdfya fuu ksrjoH;djh .enzj mj;sk njhs' ksjeros l@shdjka ksjeros
l:khka yd ksjeros pska;khka mokuz jS we;af;a fu;a;d ixl,amh nj fuz wkqj ks.ukh
l< yel' ksjeros nj kuz ;ukag;a wkqkag;a hym;la jQ foa muKlauh hkak f.dv
kefZ.kqfha fuu kHdh wkqjh' idudkH csjs;fhys oS flfkl` fydZo fyda krl hkqfjka
f.dvkZ.d .kakd idrOrAu rduqjla we;' tu rduqj ;`< fydZo foa f,i ks;ru wF:!
oelafjkafka ;uka yd wkHhka w;r us;@YS,S nj f.dvkxjk wdl,am yd l`i,;d
jrAOkhhs'25
ysff;ISNdjh fyj;a ys;j;anj hk lreK flfryso fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys n,mEu w;suy;ah' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uqLH mrudrA:hu jkqfha il,jsO
cSj m@cdj fj; ys;j;a nj me;srjSu jk fyhsks' uq,skau ;uka ;ukag ys;j;anj
we;slr.; hq;`h' ljuodlj;a flfkl` ;ukag ;udu ys;j;a ke;akuz Tyq flosklj;a
wkHhka jsIfhys ys;j;anjla we;s lr.ks;shs is;sh fkdyelsh' tnejska ys;j;a nj we;slr
.; hq;af;a m<uqfldgu ;uka jsiska ;ud flfrysuh' fojkqj ;ud ;uka flfrys
we;slr.kakd ,o ys;j;aNdjh wkHhka lrdo l@udkQl~,j me;srjsh yelsjkq we;'
ienjskau wdfjzokhla jYfhka fuu ys;j;a nfjys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh m@udK l<
fkdyelsh' cSj f,dalh tfukau wcSj f,dalh wLKavj meje;au iZoyd ishZM fokdf.au
l@shdldrluz ys;j;alu u; flaJ|@.; jS ;snsh hq;af;ah' fuf,dj jikakd jQ il,jsO cSj
m@cdj Tjqfkdjqkag ys;j;a fkdjkafka kuz cSjh meje;aug fuf,dj iq|=iq ia:dkhla fkdjkq
we;' fuu ys;j;anj jqjo iSud iys; jmirshla u; rZod mj;skafka kuz th kshu ys;j;a
nj f,i Wml,amkh l< fkdyels jkq muKla fkdj th irAj iuzmQrAK jYfhka fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh jYfhka yZ|=jkajd oSug o fkdyelsjkq we;'26 tnejska ys;j;anj
il, cSj m@cdfjka tla;rd fldgilg muKla iSud jk jOsfha ys;j;a njla fkdjsh
hq;`h' lsishuz wd.usl fyda odrAYksl pska;khla uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jmirsh by;
oelafjk wdldrfhka b;d iSus; rduqjlg fldgqlr ;nkakg jEhuz flfrA kuz tu wd.usl
fyda odrAYksl pska;kh uZ.ska ksrEmKh flfrkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh tys kshu
iajrEmh f,i ms<s.ekSu fuz wkqj wiSreh' fuz wkqj tla;rd lKavdhulg fyda fldgilg
muKla iSud jk jsOsfha fu;a;d ixl,amhlska tys wdfjzok mCIh ksis f,i wF:!
ksrEmKh fkdflfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok .`Khka jk uD|= ugis,sgs yd ieye,a,q
iajNdjh tjka iSud iys; jmirshlska hq;` wF:! l:khka ;`,ska flfkl`f.a is;;`< yg
fkd.kS'27 wfkla w;g fu;a;d ixl,amh m;`rjkq ,nkakd jQ iSudj mqZM,a jkakg jkakg
tys uD|= ugis,sgs yd ieye,a,q iajNdjh flfkl`f.a is;g jv jvd;a ;oska oefkkag mgka
.kshs' fuz oekSu iuZ.u ta mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ udkisl iekiqfuz wdfjzokSh .`Kh ;Sj@r
100

8. fjz' flfkl` huz lsisjla lsrSug fm<fUkakd jQ m@n,u ldrKh jkqfha tu mqoa.,hd tu
ldrAhh weiqrska ,nk wd;au ;Dma;sh fyj;a jskaokhhs' fjk;a f,ilska olajf;d;a
wdfjzokSh .`Kfha ;Sj@;djh WmrSu whqrska jsZo .ekquhs'28
wd;au wNsudkh ms<snZo
yeZ.Suo fu;a;d ixl,am
fhys l@shdldrS Fjh m@lg
lrkakd jQ wjia:djls'
TzkEu mqoa.,fhl`g ;ud
ms<snZoj huzlsis wd;au
jsYajdihla f.dvkeZ.S ;snsh
hq;`h' fuu wd;au wNsudkh
hkqfjka woyia jkqfha thhs'
il,jsO ffcj f,dalh fj;
us;`re nj m;,lr
yrskakgo flfkl` ;`< fuu
wd;au wNsudkh fyj;a
wd;au jsYajdih f.dv keZ.S
;snSu uy;au rel`,la fjhs'
iuia; m@dfKaJ|@hka
jsIfhysu fu;a is; m;,
lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys fulS wd;au jsYajdih uZ.ska we;s lrkqfha tlS wruqK
flfrys jQ wLKav fhduq lrjSuhs' iuia; ffcj f,dalhu iqrCIs; jsh hq;` njg m@n,
jsYajdihla fujsg tu mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys yg.kshs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k
we;ssjkakd jQ fuu wd;au jsYajdih uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl`f.a is; uD|= lrAukH iajNdjhlg m;a
lrjkq ,nhs' fujsg isf;ys wdfjzokhkays iajNdjh w;sYhskau mjs;@ jk w;r ieye,a,qo
fjz' mjs;@ yd ieye,a,q wdfjzok iajNdjhlska hq;`j lghq;` lrkakg lrkakg wkHhka
iuZ. Tyqf.a neZoSu jevs oshqKq fjz' fuu nJOkSh iajNdjh jQ l,S us;@;ajfhys nJOkhhs'
kuq;a fuu nJOkSh iajNdjfhys we;af;a f,daNfhka is|=jkakla fuka isf;ys ;o njla
we;sjSu fkdj is; thska uqojd,Suhs' th yqfola m@S;sh yd ps;af;al.@;djh wruqKqfldgu
we;sjkakd jQ ieye,a,q ksoyia wdfjzokhls'29 fuu ieye,a,qnj isf;ys jrAOkh jkakg jSu
is; ;j ;j;a tjeksu jQ ieye,a,q wruqKq yd wdfjzok Tiafia l@shdlsrSug w;sm@n,
Wmia:uzNkhla fjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid is; ;j ;j;a fujeksu uD|= yd
ieye,a,q nj Tiafia jv jvd;a ishquz njg meusfKa' uq,ska ;uka ;ud ms<snZoju wd;au
jsYajdifhka l@shdlrk l:dlrk yd is;k ;eke;af;a miqj ishZM ffcj m@cdj ms<snZoju
wd;au jsYajdifhka lghq;` lrkakg fm<fUz' jrAudkfhys f,dj we;sjk .egquz yeu
tllgu mdfya uq,a jS we;af;a mqoa., ps;a; ika;dkh ;`,ska fuu mqoa., wd;au jsYajdih yd
101

9. wkqka flfrys we;sjk jsYajdih ;`rka jS hduhs' ;ukag ;uka flfrys jsYajdihla fkdue;s
jsgu wkHhka ms<snZojo jsYajdih ySkjS hhs' ;uka ;ukaj iel lrk muKgu wkHhka
.eko iel lsrSug fy;u fm<fUz' fuz wdldrfhka ielfhka hq;`j ySk jQ mqoa.,.; yd
wkH jsYajdihlska lghq;` lrkakg fm<USu ksidu fu;a;d ixl,amho mqoa., ukiska
jshelS hhs' wNHka;r yd ndysr .egqug uq, thhs'
flfkl` ;`< wjYH muKg fu;a;d ixl,amkh l@shd;aul fjz kuz tu
;eke;a;d ;`< mqoa.,.; yd iudc.; jsYajdih jrAOkh fjz' mqoa.,.; jsYajdih
jrAOkhjSu wNHka;r ifudaOdkh we;sjSu flfrys bjy,a jk w;r iudc.; jsYajdih
jrAOkhjSu iudc .egZM wju lsrSfuys,d uy;a fia Wmldr flfrA' wfkla w;g iudc.;
.egZM wjujSu hkq mqoa.,.; udkisl fi#LHh wdrCIdjSu f,i wF:! l:kh l< yelsh'30
fuh lsishuz wdldrhl tlsfkl yd noaOjqkq jD;a;hla jeksh' tys tlla iuzmQrAK jSu hkq
wfkl iuzmQrAK jSu iZoyd wjYH fya;` idOlhla tla jSu jeksh' tl w;lg fya;` M,
iuznJO;djfhys fn#oaO wF:!l:kh fuz uZ.ska ksrEmKh flfrkafka hehs wjYH kuz
flfkl`g fujeks foa idOl fldg bosrsm;a l< yelsh' flfia jqj;a ;drAlsl uki mdol
fldg.;a jrA;udk oekquz moaO;Skag mjd f;areuz.; fkdyels wdldrhlg huz huz foa
is|=jkq kuz oelsh yelsh' tajd jrA;udkfhys fnfyjska oshqKqj mj;sk jsoHd;aul fuj,uz
yd WmlrK Ndjs;hg f.k mjd fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok l@shdj<sh uZ.ska we;sjk
Okd;aul oshqKqj ksjerosj uek ne,Sug fyda ta ms,snZoj fN#;sl idOl bosrsm;a lsrSug
yelshdjla fkdue;' tfia lrkakg jEhuz lsrSfuys oS mjd mek kZ.skakd jQ m@Odku .egZMj
jkqfha ta iZoyd Wmfhda.S lr.kakd jQ WmlrKj, ksrjoH;djh yd ishquz nj ms<snZoj
u;`j we;s .egZM iy.; Ndjhhs' fuz ksid m@udKhg jvd ngysr jsoHd;aul jsYaf,aIKhka
Tiafiau osjejSu ksid usksia pska;kh Tyq jsiskau ksmojk ,o iSud iys; ksrjoH;djhla yd
ishquz njla iys; fN#;sl WmlrKhkays isr.; lsrSug;a ta Tiafia jsgska jsg jsjsO
ixialrKhkag ,lajk fodaI iy.; jsjrKhka fm<.eiajSug;a is|=j we;'
fujeks is|=jSuz woaN~; yd us:Hdjka .Kfhys ,d neyer lsrSug fukau
wjsoHd;aul pska;kfhka hqla;j jyd ms<s.ekqug fndfyda fofkla leue;a; olaj;;a
nq|=iuh wF:! olajkafka tfukau miikafka jspdrmQrAjlj ks.ukhka j,g meusKSuhs'
tfiau jspdr mQrAjl ks.uk j,g meusKSfuzoS jqjo fnfyjska w;sOdjkldrSj l@shd lsrSu
nq|=iuh ms<sfkd.kshs' iEu fohlau is|=jSug tajdgu wkHkH jQ ksYaps; ld,hla ;sfnz' tlS
kshus; ld,hg fmrd;`j b;du yosisfha m@ia;`;hka ksis f,i msrslaiSulska f;drj jy jyd
ysi .sks.;af;l` f,i Tz,drslj l@shdlsrSu w;sOdjkldrSjSu f,i nq|=iuh olajhs' luz
ue,sluska yd w,injska hq;`j ld,h ld oeuSuo fuhska woyia fkdfjz'31 l`ula l,;a tys
lsishuz uOHia: njla ;snsh hq;`h hkakhs' uOHia: jSu hkq WodiSk jSu fkdjk nejsks'
tfiau uOHia: jSu hkq wOsl w,i jSu yd w;sOdjkldrS nj hk fo wxYfhkau gsl gsl
102

10. wkq.ukh lsrSu hkako fkdjk nejsks' hym;a whqrska W;aiyjka;j l@shdlsrSu uZ.ska
iuchg ;ukaf.ka is|=jsh hq;` hq;`luz yd j.lSuz ksis f,i bgql< yel' W;aiyhg wruqKq
lr.kqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla; wdfjzokhhs' ffu;@S mQrAjl wdfjzokfhka fufyhjkq
,enqjd jQ mqoa.,hd b;d jer jEhfuka l@shdfldg iudchg ys; iqj i,iajkafkl` fjz'32
tfukau mqoa.,hd ;uka flaJ|@ lrf.k f.dvkZ.d f.k we;a;d jQ oevs
wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj iuia;h ;`< oshlr yerSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid bgq fjz' fu;a;d
ixl,amh ;uka iy wkHhka w;r us;`re nj jrAOkh lrjkakd jQ md<uls' th jvd;a
oshqKq ;,hlg meusKSfuzoS ;uka flaJ|@ fldgf.k l@shdlsrSu l:dlsrSu iy is;Su iuia;
ffcj m@cdj flaJ|@ fldgf.k l@shdlsrSu l:dlsrSu iy is;Su njg mrsjrA;kh fjz'
idrOrAu mCIfhka .;fyd;a fuh idrOrAuhkaf.a wjidk ksIaGdj fjhs' fyj;a fuhg
jvd idrOrAuhkays W;alDIaGuh wjOshla fkdue;s mru ksIaGdj njg meusfKa' idudkH
mqoa.,hd fuu wjia:djg fkdmeusKu ish iir iersiereu wjika lrk w;r
fndaOsiFjjre yd nq|=jre hk fo fldgzGdYh ;`< muKla fulS wjidk ksIaGduh ;;ajhka
oel.; yelsh'33 tu ksidu fujeks wjia:djla mqoa., fm#reIFjh w;ska b;du oshqKq
wjia:djla hehs kuz lrkq ,efnz'34 nq|=iuh uyd mqrsi f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha fulS
fm#reIFjfhys mru ksIaGduh ;;ajhhs' mYaps;a nq|=iufhys ldhsl yd udkisl
fm#reIFjfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i fuu wjia:dj jrAOkhg m;a lrk ,oS'35 uq,a
nq|=iufhys nq|=r|=kau fuu uyd mqreI wF:!l:kh fldg olajd ;sfnkqfha udkisl mCIfhka
pska;k oshqKqfjys WmrSu wjia:dj oelajSu msKsih'36 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksidu
fnaOsiFjjre yd nq|=jre ishZM ffcj m@cdj jsIfhysu us;`re njg meusfKa'37 fuz ksid
l,HdK us;@hka w;rska fydZou l,HdK us;@hka jkqfha o Wkajykafia,duh'38
ishZM ffcj m@cdj w;rska kdhlFjhg jvd;au iq|=iafil` jkqfha fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@.`K l< ;eke;a;dh' iuia; ffcj m@cdj jsIfhys is;iqj leue;sjSu fuys
we;s iq|=iqluhs' msrsia n,h msrsia fufyhjSu jeks ldrAhhkays jvd;a fydZoska l@shdl< yels
;eke;a;d fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`Kl< ;eke;a;dh' msrsiays ksrANh yd jsYdro njg t<USu
hk ldrKdjka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid we;s jkakd jQ ufkdaNdjfhda fj;a'
jsYdro hkafkys wrA:h jkqfha ksmqK Ndjhhs' fuu ksmqKnj ,efnkafka lsishuz jsIh
fCIa;@hla ms<snZoj f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,oaod jQ oekqu yd mqyqKqjhs' fuu mqyqKqj ,enSfuzoS
jkafka TzkEu fCIa;@hla flfrys oekqu l`i,;d yd wdl,am f.dvkZ.d .ekSu iZoyd wjYH
jkakd jQ udkisl tald.@;djh fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska mqoa.,hdyg ,enSuhs' wkHhka iuZ.
iyfhda.h f.dvkZ.d .ekSug yelsjSu o ish oekqu yd l`i,;djh uZ.ska wkHhka fj;
jsjsO ixl,amhka ikaksfjzokh lsrSu flfrys Okd;aul f,i n,mdkq ,nhs' n,anhla uq,ska
;ud oe,ajS miqj tys wdf,dalh msg;g m;`rejkakdla fuka oekqu wdl,am yd
l`i,;djhkaf.ka msrsmqka mqoa., f;fuz m,uqfjka ish ps;a; ika;dkh bka oSma;su;a
103

11. lr.kshs' mqrjd .kshs' miqj iudcfhys fjfik wkHhka yg o oekqu wdl,am yd
l`i,;djhka ,nd foa' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lr.kakd ,oaod jQ mqoa.,fhl`
,ensh fkdyelald jQ ps;a; tald.@;djhla yd ta weiqfrka ,nkakd jQ oekqu l`i,;d yd
wdl,am moaO;shla fkdue;s ;ruzh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzokSh mCIh t;ruzu iqL
iy.; yd ufkda f.dapr jQjls' OHdk ;;ajhka fj; is; fhduq l<fyd;a tys oelafjk m@S;s
iqL hk wdfjzok ;;ajhka Wmojkafka fuu iqL iy.; ufkdaNdjh uZ.sks'
wdfjzokhkays mj;skakd jQ fuu iqL iy.;Ndjh uZ.ska iFjhdf.a jskaok
fCIa;@h mqZM,a lsrSulao is|=lrkq ,nhs' th jkafka fuf;la l,la Tz,drsl jskaokhkag
wruqKq jS meje;s yqre jS meje;s uki thska uqojd jvd;a by< ;,fha ri jskaokhkag yqre
lrjSu uZ.ska ksrdhdifhkau mqoa.,hdf.a udkisl ugzgfuz WiiaNdjhg muqKqjkq ,nhs'
fuz wdldrhg fkdoekqj;aju udkisl ugzgfuka Wiia ri jskaokhkag yqre jQ yd fhduq jQ
mqoa.,hka w;ska idudkH tnZ|= ri jskaokhkag fhduq fkdjq rZM udkisl ugzguzj, wh w;ska
is|= jkakd jQ m@n, .Kfha jeros is|= jkjd wvqh' mqoa.,hka jeros fohg fhduq jkqfha
Tjqkaf.a ri jskaokfhys mj;akd fuu |=n,;djh fya;` fldgf.kh' tu ksid ms<shuz
fhosh hq;` jkafkao fn#oaO fya;`M, kHdhhg wkqj jrog jvd tu jro is|= jSug ;`vq=|=ka
fya;`j |=re lsrSu wrUhdh' thu jrog lrkq ,nk ksYaps; ms<shulao fjz'39 fuu
|=n,;djh fya;` fldgf.k ksrka;rfhka usksid hym;a lrjSu iZoyd kS;s rS;s meKjSu
wjYHjk w;r ri jskaok ;,h Wiia flfkl` ksrdhdifhka jroska j<lskafkl` jk ksid
tnZ|= wh md,kh lsrSu iZoyd tnZ|= w;sfrAl kS;s rS;s wjYH fkdjkq we;' wfkla w;g
fldmuK kS;s rS;s meKjqj;a jrog fokakd jQ ovqjuz oevs l<;a Wiia ri jskaokhg fhduq
fkdjkd;dlal,a mqoa.,hka jrfoys neZoSu w;afkdyrskq we;' thg fya;`j Tjqkag cSjs;hg
ri jsZosh yels tlu udrA.h rZM Tz,drsl my;a .@duH jskaokhka lrd fhduqjSu jk nejsks'
ksrka;rfhkau fuu Tz,drsl my;a .@duH jskaokhka ,nkakd jQ udrA.h jegS we;af;a jeros
yeisrSu ;`,ska jk nejska jv jvd;a mqoa.,hka jrog fhduq jSu olakg ,efnz' ksrka;rfhka
jrog fhduq jQ jrfoys neZ|=kd jQ mqoa.,hka w;ska iudc iuzu; kS;s rS;s lvjkafka Tjqyq
;uka ,nkakd jQ rZM udkisl wdfjzokhkays jyf,l` jSu ksidh'40
fuu ;;ajfhka uqZMukskau usZoS huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` Wiia ri jskaokhla
iys; wfhl` f,i lghq;` lsrSug fm<fUkafka kuz tnZ|= mqoa.,hka w;ska iudc iuzu; kS;s
rS;s wdrCId jkafka yqfola jro l<fyd;a thg ,ndfokakd jQ oZvqjfuys nrm;,lu
ms<snZoj nshjSfuka fyda tu jro l<fyd;a ;uka urKska u;` wmdhg hkq we;ehs nsh jSfuka
fyda fkdj tjka jrola is|= jSu iZoyd Wmia:uzN jk rZM Tz,drsl my;a .@duH
jskaokhkaf.ka f;dr wdfjzokhka ,enSu msKsi mqoa., uki ilia jSu ksidh'41 rZM Tz,drsl
my;a .@uH jskaokhkaf.ka f;dr wdfjzokhka ,enSu msKsi mqoa., uki ilia jkafka
fu;a;d ixl,amh ukfiys jrAOkh lsrSu ;`,ska we;sjk ps;a; wdfjzokhkays ishquz jSu yd
104

12. ieye,a,q jSu ksidh' nsh jeks wys;lr ufkdaNdjhka isf;ys yg.kq ,nkafkao is; rZM
wdfjzokhkag yqrejSu ksid we;sjkakd jQ wd;;suh fma@rKhkaf.a l@shdldrSFjh
fya;`fldgf.kh' tfukau is; lsis|= lreKla Tiafia tl wruqK msysgqjSug wmyiq
;;ajhl mej;Su ksid lsishuz fohl ksmqK njla ,nd .ekSug wmyiq fjz' tu ksid thska
jkafka jsYdronj fyj;a ksmqKNdjh ,nd .ekSug we;s bvlv weysrS hduhs' fu;a;d
ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSu fulS ;;ajhkaf.ka is; uqojd .ekSu msKsi fya;` fjz' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys mj;akd jQ uD|= yd lrAuKH iajNdjh is; ieye,a,q lrjk w;r l@shdfjys
Wps;Ndjhgo muqKqjd,hs' ta ksid th ksrANhNdjhg yd jsYdro njg fydZo pska;k
miqnsula isf;ys frdamKh lrjhs'
tlZ.;ajh isf;ys we;s jkakg is; uD|= yd ieye,a,q wdfjzokhla jQ fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,ensh hq;`h' ks;ru is; tlZ. jkafka is; jskaokhg m;a lrjkakd
jQ udkisl wdfjzokhka ieye,a,q jQ muKghs' ieye,a,q is;ska uD|= yd lrAuKH jQ is;ska
hq;`j lrk lshk is;k oE uZ.ska is;g iqj t<jhs' tfukau tnZ|= is;lg jyd tlZ.nj
fyj;a tl wruqKla Tiafia l@shd;aul jSug yelshdj we;' fuu yelshdj f,#lsl yd
f,daflda;a;r hk ishZM lghq;` j,oS uy;a fia m@fhdackj;a fjz' f,#lsl ia:rh
ksrka;rfhka mj;afka f,daflda;a;r ia:rhg fmrd;`j nejska uq,ska f,#lsl ia:rh iqjm;a
njg meusKSu hkq mYapd;a ld,Skj iqjodhs f,daflda;a;r ia:rhlg uxmdod .ekSulao jkq
we;' tuksid nq|=iuh Wmfoia fokqfha ishZM cSjSkaf.a fuz fo wxYhu iqjm;a lrkq
iZoydhs'42 we;euz wjia:djkays fuz oajsjsO jrA.SlrKh fuf,dj mrf,dj jYfhkao oel.;
yelsh' fuysoS fuf,dj f,#lsl iqNisoaOsh ixfla;j;a lrK w;r mrf,dj f,daflda;a;r
iqNisoaOsh ixfla;j;a lrhs'
l`ZMKq .`Kh we;s jSug fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,ensh hq;`h' l`ZMKq
.`Kh hk wkHhka jsIfhys ohdnrs; jSuhs' ohdj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
n,emEfuks' ;uka ;ukag ohdnr jkjd fiau wkHhkago ohdnr jSu fu;a;d ixl,amh
uZ.ska is|=lrkq ,nhs'43 ;ukag ;ukaf.a |=la fjzokdjka mSvdjka ksid we;sjkakd jQ luzmkh
wkHhkaf.a |=la fjzokdjka ksido we;sjSu l`ZMKq .`Kh isf;ys msysgd we;s njg idOlhls'
tfukau tjeks |=la mSvdjkaf.ka ;uka ;ukagu msysg jk wdldrhg wkHhkao tjeks |=la
mSvdjkaf.ka uqojd .kq ,nkafka l`ZMKq.`Kfha n,mEu ksidh' l`ZMKqnr is; fu;a;d
iy.;h' fu;a;d iy.; is; ishquz yd ieye,a,qh tnZ|= ieye,a,q is;g jy jyd wkHhkaf.a
ps;a; mSvd jgyd.; yelsjkq we;' wkHkag msysg jkafka fuz jgyd .ekSu ksid ,nk
wjfndaOh flaJ|@fldgf.kh'44 is; l`ZMKqnr jSu l`i,hls' ieye,a,q is;ska i;`g f.k fok
nj nq|=ysushka olajd we;af;a fuz fya;`j ksidh' mqoa.,hka i;`g ,nd .ekSu msKsi
fkdfhl`;a fkdl<hq;` foa mjd lsrSug bosrsm;a fj;s' ukqIH is;a i;ka ieyeis foa j,g
fm<fUkafka tjka foa ;`,ska i;`g ,efn;shhs Tjqka jrojd Wml,amkh lsrSu ksidh' i;`g
105

13. ms<snZoj jrA;udk iudch orkakd jQ wdl,amho idl,Hfhkau ksrjoH fkdjknj mejish
yelsh'45 i;`g bJ|@Sh noaOnj ndysrska olakg ,enqk;a ienjska i;`g Wmoskafka ukfiks'
fyj;a yojf;ks' fuh yoj;o tfia ke;fyd;a fud<fhys ridhk l@shdldrSFjhoehs fuysoS
wkjYH ;drAlsl m@ia;`;hkg t<eUSu wjYH fkdjkafka fuysoS idlpzPd lrkakg hk
ldrKh wdfjzokhka yd iDcqju iuznJO foa muKla jk nejsks' fuysoS lshkakg wjYH
jk ldrKh kuz wmg oefkkakd jQ foa tkuz wdfjzok uD|= yd ieye,a,q jkakg jkakg
isf;ys l`ZMKqnr nj jrAOkh jk njhs' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh
jkakg jkakg ps;a; wdfjzokhka uD|= yd ieye,a,q njg m;ajk njhs'
fuhska fmfkkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jrAOkh yd isf;ys l`ZMKqnr
Ndjh w;r wfkHdakH iDcq iuznJO;djla olakg ,efnk njhs' fuu iDcq iuznJO;djh
lrKfldg f.k idrOrAu mCIfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ffcj is;a
i;kays idrOrAu jrAOkfhys,d b;du;a iqjsfYaIs ldrAhNdrhla bgqlr,k nj meyeos,sju
fmfkkag ;sfnz' ienjska ffcj jrAOkfhys,d b;du;a jeo.;a ls@shdoduhla fu;a;d
idrOrAu ixl,amh uZ.ska bIaG fjz' ffcj l@shdldrSFjh cSj wdhq ld,h jrAOkh jSu Wm;a
wkqmd;slh by<hdu yd urK wkqmd;slh my< neiSu jeks lreKq iuznJOfhka fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys n,mEu b;du jsYd, f,i ms<snsUq fjz' ks;ru wkHhka jsIfhys fu;a;d
ixl,am wdfjzokfhka hqla;j is; i;`gska fjfikakd jQ mqoa.,fhl`f.a wdhqld,h tfia
fkdlrk mqoa.,fhl`f.a wdhqld,hg jvd jrAOkh fjz' tfiau YrSfhys we;s jk jsjsO
ms<sld jrA." fkdfhl`;a nelagSrshd jrA. uZ.ska we;s lrkakd jQ wdidok yd fndafjk
frda.j,ska wdrCIdj ie,iSu o fu;a;d ixl,am wdfjzok jrAOkh fya;`fjka we;s jkakd jQ
ys;lr m@;sM, jz' tfiau iajNdjsl YrSr m@;sYla;sh jrAOkh fjz'
iqjpnj hkafkka woyia flfrkafka ukdj yslauqKqnjhs' YsCIKh hkak
wOHdmk l@shdj,sfhys m@Odk ia:dkhla .kakd lreKls' .`rejrhd hkq YsIHhdj
yslaujkakdh hk wF:!fhka YsCIlhd f,i yeZoskafjkafka fuz woyi wkqjh' wOHdmkh
,ndoSu wOsYsCIKh lsrSu kuska yeZoskafjkafkao fuz woyi wkqj husks' YsIHhdg wOHdmkh
,ndoSfuz l@shdj,sh uZ.ska yslaujd .ekSug kuz .`rejrhd fyj;a YsCIlhd YsIHhd flfrys
fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgqfldgf.k l@shd l<hq;`nj nq|=iuh fmkajd fokq ,nhs'46 wpdrAh
WmdOHdh ioaOs jsydrsl kuska yeZoskafjk fn#oaO mejsos wOHdmkh ;`< .`re YsIH iuznJOh
flfia meje;ajsh hq;`oehs fmkajdfok nq|=iuh tu iuznJOh msh mq;` fifkyi fuka
fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldg f.k meje;ajsh hq;` hehs fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuz wkqj wdpdrAh
WmdOHdhka jykafia,d jsiska ;ukaf.a mejsos YsIHhdj yslaujsh hq;af;a o YsIHhd jsiska tu
wjjdo yd .`re WmfoaY wkqj l@shdl< hq;` jkafkao fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lr f.k nj
wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;ams<sfj;a jsia;r flfrk j;a;laLJOfhys fmkajd oS
;sfnz' tu l@shdms<sfj; mejsos mCIhg ksrAfoaY lr ;snqK;a mejsos iudch .sys iudchg
106

14. wdorAY iudchla jYfhka l@shd;aul jkakla nejska .sys .`re YsIH iuznJOho ta
wdldrfhka l@shdjg keZ.Su Wps; nj fmfka' fuhska woyia flfrkafka iqjpnj .sys mejsos
fomCI Wfoidu ish cSjk meje;au Wfoid w;HjYH .`Kdx.hla njhs' isf;ys iqjpnj
we;sjSug kuz is; uD|= ishquz yd ieye,a,q njg m;ajsh hq;`h' rZM orovq is;ls;a iqjpnjla
wfmaCId l< fkdyelafla tjeks is;lg ishquz yeZ.Sula jQ iqjpnj wruqKq fkdjk ksidh'
iqjp iajNdjh ksid is; wk;sudks fjz' wk;sudk iajNdjh l@ul@ufhka jrAOkh jS
wjidkfha oS ksy;udkS iajNdjhg m;afjz' fuz ksid isf;ys wdfjzok l`i,;djh ishquz
jkakg jkakg tlS is;g wruqKq flfrkakd jQ wruqKqo jv jvd;a ishquz njg meusfKa'
iqjpnj b;d ishquz ixfjzokhla nejska th o< rZM is;lg jvd fydZoska uekjska mqre|=
mqyqKq lrk ,oaod jQ ieye,a,q uD|= yd lrAuKH is;g wruqKq fjz'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhka is; uD|= ieye,a,q yd lrAuKH njg m;a lrjhs'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jskaokuh iajNdjh idudkHfhka fjk;a idrOrAuhkg jvd jevsfhka
msysgd ;snSu wdfjzok mCIfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh biau;` lr fmkajd,hs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska isf;ys wdfjzokhkaf.a rZM yd o< iajNdjh l@u l@ufhka wju
lrjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jevs jevsfhka jrAOkh jkakg jkakg is; jv jvd;a
iqjp njg m;afjz' wkql@ufhka isf;ys ish,q laf,aYhka m@ySk jk ;rug mdfya fu;a;d
ixl,amh wdfjzok mCIfhka m@.`K l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ;j;a
me;a;lska isf;ys iqjpnj jrAOkh lsrSu iZoyd Wmldrj;a fjz' tkuz ishZM ffcj m@cdj
jsIfhys us;`renj we;slr.kakd ,o mqoa.,hd miqjkafka iajNdjfhkau wkH cSjSka ms<snZoj
ys; iqj leue;af;ks' ta mqoa.,hdf.a is; ;o njg m;alrjk rZM njg muqKqjk fl@daOh
ffjrh mgs>h jeks wys;lr ufkdaNdjuh jQ wdfjzok ;;ajhkaf.ka is; jshqla; jS we;s
ksid isf;ys m@Ndiajrh jrAOkh jQ ieye,a,q jQ uD|= jQ lrAuKH jQ is;lska miqjSu lrK
fldgf.k b;d myiqfjka thg iudk wdl,amhka isf;ys jrAOkh jSug ksrdhdifhkau
lsishuz fm<USula we;sfjz' iqjpnj hk wdfjzokho uD|= ieye,a,q wdfjzokhla nejska tjeks
uD|= ieye,a,q yd lrAuKH njg mrsjrA;kh jQ is;l jvd myiqfjka yd jvd blaukska
tjeks wdfjzokhka me;sr hhs' fyj;a uD|= ieye,a,q is;la ysus mqoa.,hd b;d blaukska
iqjpnjg m;a fjz'47
wk;sudksnj hkafkka woyia jkafka WvZ.`njg fkdmeusfKkakd jQ
iajNdjhs' isf;ys WvZ.`nj we;s jkafka ;uka wkHhkaf.ka fjkalr iqjsfYaIS mqoa.,fhla
jYfhka ie,lSu ksidh' ;uka wkHhkaf.ka fjkajq mqoa.,fhla nj ienE uq;a th oevs f,i
isf;ys msysgqjd f.k ta Tiafia wkHhkag fjkialuz lsrSu n,j;a jrols' fuz ksid ;ukao
wkHhka fukau ffcj f,dalhg wh;a ;j;a tla cSjsfhla muKlah hk yeZ.Su fndfyda
fofkl`g b;d blaukska wu;lj hhs' b;d blaukska uq, wu;l fldg l@shd lrkafkao
fndfydajsg fujeks Wojshhs' is; udkqIsl nj u; rZojd l@shdlsrSfuz yelshdj is;g ,nd
fokafka wk;sudks nj fyj;a udkh hgm;a lsrSu uZ.sks' udkfhka is; jsisreKd jQ
107

15. iajNdjhlg m;ajk w;r th hgm;a lr.ekSu Wfoid l< yels fydZou yd jsOsu;au
m@;sldrh jkqfha isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lr .ekSuhs' fu;a;d ixl,mfhys
wdfjzok iajNdjh jkqfha is; tl wruqKl /ZojSu yd is; ieye,a,q uD|=Ndjhg
meusKjSuhs' fuhska jskaokh jk wdfjzok iajNdjfhys isf;ys fhduq.; jSfuz yelshdj
jrAOkh lrhs' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jmirsh mqZM,a jk ksid b;d mqZM,a
fkdyelsZMKq is;lska hq;`j wruqKqj, ienE iajrEmh yZ|=kdf.k lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj
we;sfjz' udkh uqZM ukskau |=rel< yels jkafka wrAy;a udrA. Z{dkfhka jk w;r idudkH
jHjydrfha oS ksy;udks kdufhka yeZoskafjk fh|=u Ndjs;d l< yelshdj ienjskau we;af;a
udkh uqZM ukskau |=rel<djQ ry;ka jykafia,d wrUhd muKs' idudkH f,dalhd ksy;udkS
hk jHjydrfhka yZ|=jkq ,nkakd jQ idudkH mqyq|=ka ckhd yeZoskajSu msKsi Ndjs;dl< hq;`
jQ kshu jpkh udkh hgm;a l< hk wrA: we;s wk;sudkS hk jpkhhs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys wdfjzokSh jYfhka jv jvd;a jrAOkh lroaoS is;
;`< we;s jkakd jQ ieye,a,qnj yd wkH iFjhka flfrys yg.kakd us;`renj ms<snZo ishquz
Ndjuh ;;ajh lrK fldgf.k udkh yg.kajk ;o rZM njska f;drj ;uka yd wkHhka
w;r mj;skakd jQ iSudj nsZo oud ;ud yd wkHhka talFjfhka ie,lsh yelsfjz' fuu
talShNdjh ;`,ska iEu fohlu we;s ksiaidrnj yd jskdYhg meusfKk iajNdjh i<ld
;uka wkHhkaf.ka fjkalr oelSug fya;`jk udkh |=re lsrSfuys ,d W;aiyj;a fjz'48 fuys
uq,au wjia:dj udkh ;djld,slj hgm;a fldg lghq;` lsrSug fm<USuhs' tfia
;djld,slj udkh hgm;a fldg lghq;` lrkakg yqre mqre|= jQ ;eke;a;dg miqld,Skj
udkfhka uqZM ukskau |=rej lghq;` lrkakg yelshdj we;s lr.; yels fjz' fn#oaO
b.ekajSuz wkqj udkh hk ixfhdack OrAufhys n,j;alu flf;la oehs lsjfyd;a wkd.duS
;eke;a;dg mjd tla;rd |=rlg udkh n,mj;ajk nj iZoyka jSu uZ.ska fmfka' udkh we;s
jSug m@Odku fya;`j ;ud yd wkHhka hkqfjka il,jsO ffcj m@cdj fofldgilg fnod
ie,lSuhs' fuu fnoSu iuZ.u ;uka wkHkag jvd Wiiah iudkh fyda my;ah hkdoS
fkdfhl`;a wdldrfhka udkh yg.kshs' uq,a mshjfrysoS fuz ;;ajh |=re jkafka fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@.`K lsrSu uZ.ska ;ud;a yd wkHhka hkqfjka il,jsO ffcj m@cdj
fofldgilg fnod ie<lSu keje;ajSu ;`,sks' fyj;a ;uka yd wkHhka w;r talFjh we;s
jkafka us;`renj we;slsrSu uZ.ska nj ta mqoa.,hd wjfndaOh lr .kshs' fuz wkqj fu;a;d
ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh jSu wk;sudks nj we;slsrSfuys,d ufydamldrS fjz'
iqrCIs;;djh hkq wdrCId iys; hkakhs' fyj;a /ljrKh ,enSuhs'
/ljrKh ,enSu is|=jSug wkH cSjSkaf.ka ;u meje;aug ;rAckhla t,a, fkdjsh hq;`h'
;ukaf.a meje;aug ;rAckhla mj;skakd jQ jljdkqjl iqrCIs;djh ;snsh fkdyelsh' ;uka
wkHhkaf.a osjs meje;aug ;rAckhla fkdjk wdldrfhka l@shdlrkq ,nkafka ;ud ;udf.a
osjs meje;au fukau jgskdlulska hq;`j wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz ksoyi yd ksoyfia
l@shdlsrSfuz ksoyi iqrlsk jsgh' fuz iZoyd ;udf.a cSjs;h yd iudk jgskdlulska hq;`j
108

16. wkHhkaf.a cSjs;ho ie,lSug yelshdj ,efnk udkisl jd;djrKhla f.dvkZ.d .;
hq;`h'49 tjka udkisl jd;djrKhla ksrdhdifhka f.dv fkdkefZ.a' tnejska tjka udkisl
jd;djrKhla ;ud ;`< we;slr .ekSu msKsi fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,ensh hq;`h'
fu;a;d ixl,amh ;ud ;`< jrAOkh lr.ekSu ksid ;uka ;ukaf.a cSjs;h fukau wdhq
ld,h jrAOkh lr.ekSu iZoyd wjYH fN#;sl yd wdOHd;ausl mrsirhla we;s lr.kshs'
tfukau wkHhka iuZ. us;`re wdl,amhka jrAOkh lr.ekSu fya;`fjkao ;udf.a is; msrsis|=
jSu fya;`fjka ;ukaf.a YrSr fi#LHh jrAOkh lr.ekSug yelshdj ,efnz' tfukau
fN#;sl jYfhka wkHhkaf.a cSjs;h fukau wdhq ld,h jrAOkh jSu iZoyd iq|=iq fN#;sl
yd wdOH;ausl mrsirhlao fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lr.ekSu fya;`fjka l@shdfjka
l:kfhka yd pska;kfhka ;uka jsiskau iafjpzPdfjka ilialr fokq ,nhs'
usksidg w;ajsZoSug ,efnkakd jQ fiiq wdfjzokhka w;rska us;@YS,SNdjh
fndfyda fldgu usksia is;g i;`g okjkakd jQ wdfjzokhls' ffcj jrA.hd w;r wdfjzKsl
iyc ,CIKhla fia ie,flk iduQysl cSjkh mj;ajd .kq iZoyd ffcj jsoHd;aulj Wreu
lr.;a Tjqka tlsfkld fj; weZMuzlrk iajNdjh usksid fu;a;d ixl,amh fj; fu;ruz
wdYla; jSug fya;`j f,i ie,lsh yelsh' ta fya;`j ksidu fndfydajsg ksrdhdifhkau
mdfya usksid ;`< us;@YS,S wdfjzokhka yg.kshs' us;@YS,sFjfhys ,CIKh jkafka usksiqka
w;r iduQyslFjh f.dvkexjSuhs' tfukau wdfjzokhla jYfhka tu yeZ.Su is;g f.k
tkafka fnfyjska iqjodhs iajNdjhls' tmuKla o fkdj usksiqka w;r iqrCIs; iudc
mrsirhla ksrAudKh lr oSu flfrys o fuu wdfjzokh odhlFjh imhkq ,nhs' nq|=iuh
;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh js.@yhg ,la jSug tlu fya;`j fjk;a ndysr iuh jdohka ;`<
fu;a;d ixl,amhg iudk fjk;a ixl,am jsoHudk jSu fyda tlS iuh jdohkays fu;a;d
ixl,amfhka bosrsm;a flfrk wdfjzok iajNdjh Bg jvd wvqfjka jsjsO iSudjka iys;j
idlpzPdjg ,lajSu fkdfjz' nq|=iuh ish iuh ixl,amhka f.dvkZ.kqfha fjk;a lsis|= iuh
ixl,amhlg tfrysj fkdjSu;a" fuz fya;`j ksid nq|=iufhys ;rZ.ldrS iajNdjhla olakg
fkdjSu;a" wjsysxidj b;du m@n, wdldrfhka ish m@Odk flaJ|@.; b.ekajSula f,i
nq|=iufhka bosrsm;a lrkq ,enSu;a" nq|=iuh ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Ndjs;djg m@Odku
fya;`ka fjz'
usksid we;`ZM iuia; cSjS iajNdjfhys wdfjzKsl lreKla jkqfha yqfola
cSjSka ;`< mek kZ.skq ,nk udkisl wdfjzok flfrys tu cSjSka b;du oevs ixfjzoS
iajNdjhla yd wkqjrA;kSh iajNdjhla oelajSuhs' cSjSkaf.a iuia; foayh ksrAudKh jS
;sfnkqfhau fujeks udkisl wdfjzokhka j,g m@;spdr oelajSu iZoyduh' usksiqka
iajNdjfhka ixl,amj,g jvd jevsfhka ps;a;dfjz.j,g m@;spdr olaj;s' tu ps;a;fjz.S
yeZ.Suz m@Odk jYfhka ys;lr yd wys;lr hkqfjka fohdldr fjz' fulS fohdldr wdfjzok
rgdjka w;`frka jvd;a usksia is; weZoS hkafka ys;lr wdfjzok rgdj fj;h' wys;lr
wdfjzokhka usksid fj; Tyqf.a is; ;`< f.dkq jS mej;s wZ|=re rZM wdl,amuh iajNdjhka
109

17. uZ.ska we;s lrjkjd usi lsisu mqoa.,fhl` ish leue;af;ka wys;lr wdfjzokhka ish is;ays
cks; lr tuZ.ska udkisl fjzokdjka jsZoSug rsisfha jS fkdfjz' mqoa.,hka iajNdjfhkau rsis
jkqfha ys;lr udkisl wdfjzokhka f.dvkZ.df.k thska udkisl usysrla w;ajsZoSugh'50
tjka udkisl jd;djrKhla ;`, oS mqoa.,fhl` jvd;a reps lrkqfha ;ukaf.a mqoa.,sl
w;aoelSula fjk;a fndfyda fokd iuZ. fnodyodf.k N`la;s jSZoSugh' fuu fnod yod.ekSu
kshudldrfhka is|=jSug kuz mqoa.,hka ;`< wka wh iuZ. iuZ.shla yd iduQyslFjhla
f.dvkeZ.S ;snsh hq;`h' mqoa.,dka;r jYfhka iuZ.sh yd iduQyslFjh f.dvkefZ.kqfha
us;@YS,S wdl,amhlska iuia; iudchu tlai;aj lghq;` lrkafka kuz iuKs' tu mrudorAYS
;,hg <Z.djSu msKsi nq|=iufhka bosrsm;a flfrk fu;a;d ixl,amfhka jsYd, msgsjy,la
imhhs'51
mqoa.,hka cSj;a jkqfha ;j;a mqoa.,hka rdYshla iuZ. jsjsO wka;rAl@shd
lruska iudch kuska yeZoskafjk ixjsOdkd;aul jH=yhla ;`<h' tjka iudc mrsirhla ;`<
flfkl`yg ;j;a mqoa.,fhl` iuZ. iyfhda.fhka yd iduQyslFjfhka lghq;` lrkakg
is|=jSu fm#oa.,sl ixisoaOshla fkdj iudcuh ixisoaOshla njg m;a flfrA' iudch ;`<
jsjsO .;s.`K" reps wrepsluz we;s mqoa.,hka we;s nj wms jgydf.k isgsuq' we;euz
mqoa.,hka fm#reIh jYfhkau wka;rAjrA;S mqoa.,hka jk w;r ;j;a iuyre fm#reIh
jYfhkau nysrdjrA;S mqoa.,hkah' iyfhda.h yd iduQyslFjh fm#oa.,sl ixisoaOshla
fkdj iudc ixisoaOshla njg mrsjrA;kh jk fmd|= iudc ixia:djl oS wka;rAjrA;S
fmdreIhla ysus mqoa.,hkayg fiau ndysrdjrA;S fm#reIhla ysus mqoa.,hkayg o wkHhka
iuZ. tluq;`j lghq;` lsrSfuz wjYH;djh we;s fjz' fuu tluq;` nj we;s jkqfha fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@udKj;a ;ruska jrAOkh jS mej;`kfyd;a muKh'52 mqoa.,hka tfiau
iajNdjfhkau wdfjzokYS,Sh' yeZ.Suzj,g wkql~,j l@shdlrkakd jQ iajNdjh mj;S' TzkEu
iudc moaO;shla ;`< m@;sudk fyda jHjia:dms; kS;s moaO;shla mKjd ;sfnkqfha usksidf.a
fuu iajNdjh ,CIKh jQ wdfjzokYS,S iajNdjh fya;` fldgf.k iudcfhys jikakd jQ
wfkla fndfyda idudcslhkaf.a idudcsl whs;sjdisluz lvlsrSug ,la jsh yels wdldrfha
huz huz jroj,a Tjqka w;ska is|=jSug jvd;a by< iuzNdjs;djla mj;sk fyhsks' us;@YS,S
wdl,amhla mj;akd iudc jgmsgdjla ;`< oS usksiqka wfkla mqoa.,hd o ;ud yd iudk
fldg i,ld is;kakg yd l@shd lrkakg mqre|= mqyqKq jk nejska ;uka wlue;s hula
wkHhka jsIfhys o l@shd;aul lsrSu kqiq|=iq nj ;ukaj Wmudjg f.k i,ld .ks;s' kS;S
rS;s yd oKavk l@u uZ.ska usksia wdfjzokhka md,kh lrkq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhg
iuzmQrAKfhka m@;sjsreoaO wdfjzokhla jQ fodaI uQ,fhka yg.kq ,nk wys;lr wdfjzokhla
jQ nsh tlS oKavkhka ksid yg.kq ,nk nejsks' ta ksid hf:dala; oKavk l@u l@shd;aul
jk yd tu l@shdldrSFjh ;ud wh;a huz huz idudcSh jrm@ido lrk fldg f.k wNsnjd
hd fkdyels miq;,hl oS muKla oKavkh Wmfhda.S fldg f.k huzlsis idudcslfhl`
w;ska uqZM uy;a iudcfha fjfik wfkla idudcslhkayg is|= jkakd jQ idudcsl
110

18. whs;sjdisluz lvlsrSuz je<lajSug bv m@ia;djkdj we;;a" th j,x.` jkqfha b;du;a iSus;
jmirshlg muKla nejska tlS l@shdj<sh flgsld,Sk jYfhka huzlsis idrA:hFjhla
fmkakquz lr;;a" os.`ld,Skj irAjiuzmQrAK jYfhkau ksrjoH jsiZ|=ula jYfhka
ms<s.ekSug wiSreh' fuh os.`l,Sk jYfhka idrA:l jsiZ|=ula fkdjkafka tys moku fu;a;d
ixl,amhg mrsndysr Bg iuzmQrAKfhka m@;sjsreoaO wdfjzokhla u; mdolj fuh iliaj
we;s ksidh'53
fuz fya;`j ksidu os.` ld,Skj idrA:l ms<shula jYfhka iuh ixia:djkays
fuz iZoyd bosrsm;a lrkqfha usksia wdfjzokhka usksia iudcfhys hymeje;aug ys;lr jk
whqrska yd fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska ixialrK l@shdj<shlg ,la lsrSu;a" tu l@shdj<sh
fya;`fldg f.k usksid ;`< yg .kakd jQ ishZMu wys;lr wdfjzokhka j,ska usksia uki
uqla; lrjd tla tla wd.fuys W.ekafjk mru ksIaGdj kuska jQ tlS wd.ugu wkHkH jQ
tla;rd mrudorAYS ;,hla lrd udkisl Yla;sh fufyjSu msKsi idrA:l wd.usl
WmfoaYkhka iemhSu;a hk jsiZ|=uzh' fu;a;d ixl,amh jsjsO kuzj,ska jsjsO iajrEmfhka
jsYaf,aIKhjk fiiq iuhhka w;r ;nd ;`,kd;aulj i,ld ne,Sfuz oS fuz ;;ajh
nq|=iufhys mjd jsoHudk jk uq;a" nq|=iufhys js.@yjk wdldrhg wdfjzok ixialrK
l@shdj<sfhys .enzjk jsoHd;aul pska;k rgdj yd nqoaOsf.dapr iajNdjh fjk;a iuhkays
wjsoHudk jQjls' fuz fya;`j ksid nq|=iufhys iZoykajk wdfjzokh ixialrK l@shdj<sh
uZ.ska jspdr mQrAjl whqrska yd jsoHd;aul whqrska jsjsO ixl,amhkays wdfjzokh me;slv
js.@yhg ,la lrkq ,nk w;r fuz uZ.ska ;ukagu ;ukaf.a wdfjzokhkays h:d iajNdjh
ms<snZoj ksjeros ;lafiarejlg meusKsug wod< mqoa.,hdygu wjia:djla ,efnk w;r
tuZ.ska ;u;a ms<snZoj ,nd.kakd iajhx wjfndaOh lrKfldgf.k ;uka ;`< l@shd;aul
jkakd jQ tlS wys;lr wdfjzokj,ska uqZMukskau usoS lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj tu mqoa.,hdg
ks;e;skau ,efnz'54
fujeks wys;lr udkisl wdfjzokj,ska uqZMuksku jsksrAuqla; jQ
mqoa.,fhl`f.a is; ksrdhdifhkau mdfya iudcfhys fjfik wfkl`;a cSjSka flfrys ffu;@S
mQrAjl wdl,amj,ska msrS mj;S' uqZM uy;a f,dj ;`< fjfikakd jQ f,dl` l`vd il,jsO cSjS
iuQyhhd o ;uka jeks ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mj;ajd f.k hEfuz wdYdj yd jvd;a fydZoska
cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hEfuz wdYdfjka hqla; nj kqjKska wjfndaO lr.kakd fy;u ishZM
cSjSka flfrys ohd mrjY ;eke;af;la fjz' iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ ishZM cSjSka N`la;s
jsZoskakd jQ idudcsl whs;sjdisluz iqrCIs; lsrSug;a" tajd ksoyfia N`la;s jsZoSug Tjqkag we;s
whs;sh ms<s.ekSug;a fy;u W;aiql fjz' jrA;udkfhys udkj ysusluz yd udkj
whs;sjdisluz ms<snZoj jsYaj m@ldYkfhys iZoyka jk ishZMu lrekq;a wu;r jYfhka iFj
ysxikh msgqoelSu msKsi mKjd we;s kS;s rS;s yd iuzuq;Skaj, js.@yjk ishZM lreKq;a Bg
wu;rj f,dj u;`jg we;sjsh yels tnZ|= huzlsis wysxidjdoS ms<sfj;l .enzjsh yelald jQ;a"
111

19. ishZM lrekq;a iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfikakd jQ il,jsO cSjS iuQyhhd N`la;s jsZoskakd jQ
idudcsl whs;sjdisluz wfkl`;a idudcslhkayg ysreyerhla fkdjkdldrfhka Tjqka leue;s
mrsos ksoyfia N`la;s jsZoSug Tjqkag we;s ysuslu fuz uZ.ska jsYo flfrA' by; fmkajd fok ,o
mrsos ffcj ys;jdoS whqrska mqoa., uki ilia lsrSfuz ixialrK l@shdj<sh nq|=iuh ;`<
bosrsm;a flfrk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ;`< .enz fjz'
nq|=iuh ;`< ixl,amhla cSjS ukig .e,fmk wdldrfhka idrA:l f,i
wka;rA.@yKh lrjkafka flfiao hk lreK jsfYaIfhkau ixl,am ikaksfjzolfhl` ;`<
;snsh hq;` ,CIK olajk wjia:dj, oS b;du;a ijsia;r f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' tnZ|= ;ekaj,
oS ixl,am ikaksfjzokh lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hd wkHhka jsIfhys ffu;@S .`Kh fmrgq
fldgf.ku Wla; l@shdj<sh wdruzN l< hq;` nj yd tlS l@shdj<sfhys fhosh hq;` nj
wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' fuhska fmkS hkafka wOHhk yd wOHdmk l@shdj<sfhys uQ,sl wjia:dj
fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgqj .ukal< hq;` njhs' wOHhkh yd wOHdmkh hkafkka woyia
jkqfhao ixl,am iajwNs,dIfhka .@yKh lr.ekSu yd tfia .@yKh lrjSu jk nejska
YsIHd .`rejrhd jsIfhys o .`rejrhd YsIHhd jsIfhys o fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgqj
mej;sh hq;` nj iZoykajSu ;`< ixl,am ikaksfjzok l@shdj<shg wjYHjk udkisl miq;,h
us;@YS,S iajNdjhlska mej;sh hq;` nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' ixl,am ikaksfjzok l@shdj<shys os
jvd;a jeo.;a ;ekla .kq ,nkafka wdfjzok me;slvhs' Bg fya;`j ikaksfjzok l@shdj<sh
m@fndaOu;a whqrska is|=jSu wdod< ixl,amh ksis whqrska .@yKh lr.ekSfuzys,d
m@;scdkkd;aul Wmia:uzNkhla jYfhka mqoa., uki ;`< l@shd;aul jk nejsks' fuys oS
m@;scdkd;aul Wmia:uzNlhla jYfhka l@shd;aul jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk
wdfjzok me;slv nj meyeos,s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slfvys jsoHudk jk
ieye,a,q iajNdjh" uD|=nj" msrsis|=lu" fkdyelsZMKq iajNdjh jeks wNHka;r .`Khka
;`,ska thg m@fndaOu;a iajNdjhla tla flfrA'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ;`< .enzjk uD|=nj" ieye,a,q
iajNdjh" msrsis|=lu yd fkdyelsZMKq iajNdjh jeks wNHka;r .`Khka ksid tla
mqoa.,fhl` flfrys jsoHudks; fuu ,CIK flfrys wkH mqoa.,hkaf.a wdlrAIKh we;s
flfrA' us;@YS,S Ndjfhys wdruzNh t;ekhs' mqoa.,fhl` wkH mqoa.,hka flfrys
wdlrAIKhjSu;a" wkH mqoa.,hka tlS mqoa.,hd flfrys wdlrAIKhjSu;a fufyhjkq ,nk
md,l WmlrKh jkqfha fuu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ;`< jsoHudks;
wNHka;r .`Khka fjz' wdfjzokh hkq iFjhdf.a uqZM uy;a iakdhq moaO;shu luzmkh
lrjSug iu;a jkakd jQ m@n, yeZ.Suzh' wdfjzokh huzlsis wd;;shla jkqfha wdfjzokh
wys;lr ,CIKhkaf.ka iukajs; jQ jsgh' fuhg jsreoaO f,i wdfjzokh ys;lr
,CIKhkaf.ka iukajs; jQ l, th iakdhq moaO;sfhys ishZMu wd;;Ska iukh msKsi
Wmldrj;a fjk T#IOhla js,iska l@shd;aul fjz' tlu foh tla;rd wjia:djl oS jsi
iys; jSug;a" wfkla wjia:dfjys .`K iys; jSug;a n,mdk ,oafoa wdfjzok me;slfvys
112

20. jsoHudks; uD|= yd rZM iajNdjfhys fjkia njhs' fuhska meyeos,s jkqfha huzlsis wdfjzok
me;slvl jsoHudks; rZM iajNdjh uZ.ska wd;;Ska ckkh lsrSfuz YlH;djh;a" tfukau
wdfjzok me;slvl jsoHudks; jk uD|= iajNdjh uZ.ska wd;;Ska iukh lsrSfuz YlH;djh;a
wka;rA.; nj meyeos,sj fmfka'55
udkisl wdfjzokhka uD|= yd rZM jSug n,mdk m@Odku fya;`j jkafka
wkHhka jsIfhys yd wkHhka wruqKq fldg we;s lr.kakd udkisl wdl,amj, uD|= yd rZM
iajNdjhhs' ;uka fjku mqoa.,fhla fldg wkH cSjSkaf.ka fjka lr.kakd iajNdjh ksid
;uka wkH cSjSkaf.ka iqjsfYaIS jQ mqoa.,fhla f,iska wkH cSjSka ;`< fkdue;s ;ukagu
muKla iSud jQ wkH;djhla f.dvkZ.d .ekSug huzlsis mqoa.,fhla fm<fTz' fuu
wkHkH;djh yqfola wkHkH;djhlau muKla fkdj wkHkHNdjfhys iSudj blaujd .shd
jQ wd;audrA:lduS yeZ.Sula njg mrsjrA;kh jSu ksid tu wd;audrA:lduS yeZ.Su ;j |=rg;a
fmdaIKh jk mrsos ;uka iy wkH mqoa.,hka w;r mr;rh ;j ;j;a jsYd, lr.kq ,nhs'
tuZ.ska ;uka ms,snZo wd;audrA:lduSFjh fyj;a uu;ajh ;yjqre lr.kq ,nhs' mD:la
iajNdjh jkqfhao fuu wd;audrA:lduS njhs' tjsg mD:.ack hkq fuu wd;audrA:lduS
fpz;kdj To jevqKq mqoa., fldgzGdYh f,i wrA: oelajsh yelsh'
huzlsis cSjs fldgzGdYhla ;`< iuZ.sh iyfhda.h fkdue;s jSug fya;`j tlS
mqoa.,hka tlsfkld w;r mj;sk To jevqKq wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdfjys m@n,Fjhhs'
huzlsis fyhlska fulS wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj wvq jkafka kuz tjsg iuia; cSj iajNdjh
ms<snZoj jvd mqZM,a oelaulska hq;`j n,kakg yd tfia ;uka jsiska f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,o
orAYkh Tiafia lghq;` lr bka udyeZ.s m@;sM, ,nd .ekSug yelshdj ,efnz' fn#oaOhska
jsiska tla;rd |=rlg fpz;kdj jYfhka i,lkqfha o wdfjzok me;slv ;`,ska ixfjzokhka
/ialr .ekSu nj fmkajd osh yelsh' wNsOrAufhys jsia;r lrfok wdldrhg huzlsis
ps;a;jS:shl wjidkfhys olakg ,efnk ;odruzuK fol jYfhka fndfyda |=rg
yeZoskafjkafka tu ps;a; jS:sfhys uq,ska olajk ,o cjka ps;a;CIK fm<g wruqKq jYfhka
,nd .kakd ,o wruqK f.k we;s jkakd jH;sfrAl ps;a; fjz.hla jYfhks' cjka
ps;a;CIK jYfhka ,nd .kakd ,o wruqfKys m@n,Fjh fl;ruzo h;a tu cjka
ps;a;CIK fm< wjidkfhys mjd tu wruqfKys ;Sj@r;djh ;odruzuK jYfhka we;sjk
nj fuys oS fmkajd oS ;sfnz' by; oS wdfjzok me;slv hkafkka lsishuz wdfjz.YS,S
iajNdjhla fyda yeZ.Sula fyda fpz;kdjla bka weZ.fjk nj fmkajd fokq ,enQfha o fuz
ksiduh'
fuys oS jrojd fkdjgyd.; hq;a;la we;' tkuz iEu ;odruzuKhlau
lsishuz is;a l,Tjk iqZM" wys;lr mCIfhys wdfjzok muKlau fkdfjz hkakhs' wdfjzok
iajNdjfhkau fjz.j;a is;sjs,s ldKavhla jQfha jS kuq;a tu fjz.j;a is;sjs,s iEu tllau
wys;lr wruqKq flaJ|@fldg nsys jQ krl tajd fkdfjz' iuZ.sh" iduQyslFjh" us;@YS,S
113

21. iajNdjh yd iyfhda.h hk wdfjzok .;fyd;a tajd wdfjzok jqj;a lsisfia;au is; fkduZ.
hjk iqZM tajd fkdfjz' is;g ieye,a,q nj i;`g yd us;@Fjh ,Z.d lrjk wdldrfha msrsis|=
is;sjs,sh' l@udkQl~,j is; mjs;@ lrk yd is; ksjd,k iajNdjhla thg we;'
fuhska meyeos,s jkqfha wOHdmkh ,ndoSfuz l@shdj<sfhys oS tu wOHdmk yd
wOHhk l@shdj<sh jvd;a idrA:l njg m;a lr .ekSu msKsi lsishuz ixl,amhl wdfjzok
me;slv M,odhl f,i Ndjs;hg .; yels njhs'56 fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh
ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuzoS th jvd;a mqoa., uki ;`<g ldjosk whqrska bosrsm;a l< yelafla
wdfjzok me;slv Tiafia lreKq bosrsm;a lsrSu uZ.ska nj fuz wkqj meyeos,s fjz' wdfjzok
me;slv fu;ruz wOHdmk yd wOHhk l@shdj<sfhys ,d jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysus lrf.k
isgskqfha ukaoehs f;areuz .ekSug myiqu l@uh jkafka tu l@shdj<sfhka wfmaCIs; ksIa:dj
idOkh lsrSfuys,d jvd;a m@;sM,odhl wdldrfhka Ndjs;d lrkqfha l`uk l@ufjzohoehs
YsCIlhska jsiska ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk nj jgyd.ekSuhs' YsCIlhska jsiska jvd;a ie,ls,a,
olajkqfha jsjsO ugzguzj, miqjk YsIH msrsilf.ka tla jrl oS is|= lrkq ,nk wOHhk yd
wOHdmk l@shdj<shl oS Tjqka w;rska jvd;a jevs msrsilg idrA:l f,i ixl,am b.ekajSu
is|= lrkafka l`uk l@uhlskao hk ldrKhhs' Tzkeu YsIH msrsila w;rska by< fmf<a
nqoaOsuh l`Y,;d j,ska iukajs; jkqfha b;du;a iSus; YsIH msrsila jk w;r nyq;rhla
fokd idudkH nqoaOs ugzgulskao ;j msrsila nqoaOs ugzgu w;ska fiiq YsIHhkag jvd wvq
l`Y,;d fmkakquz lrk w;r Tjqka ish,q fokd jsIfhys tlu ixl,amhla yeufokdgu
wjfndaOjk f,i bosrsm;a lsrSfuz wjYH;djh we;s jQ l, jvd;a nqoaOs f.dapr l@uh jkqfha
fiiq YsIHhkag jvd wvq l`Y,;d iys; YsIHhkag o myiqfjka f;areuz.; yels jk mrsos
Tjqkaf.a ugzgfuka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj<sh is|= lsrSuh' fuz iZoyd b.ekajSug
n,dfmdfrd;a;`jk jk ixl,amh ikaksfjzokh lrkafka |=rAj, YsIHdg;a th jvd;a
myiqfjka .@yKh lr.ekSug yelshdj we;sjk wdldrhgh' fuz wkqj lsishuz ixl,amhla
m@cdkk me;slv Tiafia ikaksfjzoh l< fyd;a th fydZoska jgyd.kq ,nkafka b;du;a
iSus; YsIH msrsila jk w;r wdfjzok me;slv Tiafia tu ikaksfjzok l@shdj<shu
f.k.shfyd;a jvd;a jevs YsIH msrsila th fydZoska .@yKh lr.ekSug iu;a fjz' fuz
wdldrhg bf.kquz b.ekajSuz l@shdj<sfhys oS Ndjs;d lrkqfha tu ia:dkhg yd tu YsIH
msrsig jvd;a Wps; b.ekajSfuz l@fudamdhh fjz'
tfukau wdfjzok me;slv Tiafia lsishuz ixl,amhla ms<snZoj ,ndfokq
,nk jegySu l`vd <uqka w;r muKla fkdj jevsysgs mqoa.,hska w;r mjd nqoaOs ugzgfuka
jsjsO;d olakg we;s jsjsO mqoa.,hkayg ukdj .e,fmk jsOsl@uhls'57 fu;a;d ixl,amh
ms<snZo ie,ls,a, fhduq lrkq ,enqjfyd;a tys .enzjk wdfjzok me;slfvys fCIa;@M,h fiiq
m@cdkk yd prAhd me;slvj, fCIa;@M,hg jvd by< w.hl mj;shs' tfukau fuz fya;`j
ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys oekSfuz yd ixfjzoS iajNdjh wOslh' fuu oekSfuz yd ixfjzoS
114

22. iajNdjh uZ.ska oekquz ugzgu t;ruz fkdue;s mqoa.,fhl`yg mjd thska b;d jsYd,
Okd;aul n,meula t,a, lrkq ,nhs' fuu n,mEu Tyqf.a hym;a yeisrSu fyj;a
Okd;aul ufkdapd<l yelshdjka muKla fkdj wNHka;r ps;a; ifudaOdkh" ;Sj@
mrsl,amk Yla;sh" ksrAudKYS,SFjh" oelSu fyj;a oY!k lD;Hh yd jspdr mQj!l wdl,am
hk udkj l`Y,;djhka jrAOkh lrkq ,nhs' wOHdmk yd wOHhk l@shdj<sfhka
n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkakd jQ wjidk we.hSu jkafka o mqoa.,fhl` ;`< fujka foa jO!kh lrjSu
jk w;r wOHdmk yd wOHhk l@shdj<sh fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldgf.k l@shd;aul
lrkafka kuz tys wjidk ksIaGdj f,i YsIHhka ;`< fuu .`Kdx. myiqfjka frdamKh l<
yels jkafkah'58 wOHdmk uQ,OrAu w;r o wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska huz huz prAhduh
,CIKhka ixialrKh lsrSfuz yelshdj we;s nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' jsfYaIfhkau m@cdkk
me;slvg jvd is;g oefkk iajNdjh wdfjzok me;slfvys wka;rA.; jk nejska lsishuz
ixl,amhla jvd fydZoska b.ekajSfuz oS wdfjzok me;slv Tiafia tu wOHdmk l@shdj<sh
fufyhjSu jvd;a idrA:l m@;sM, Wod lrkakd jQ l@uhla f,i wOHdmk jsoHdZ{hska w;r
ms<s.ekSug md;@j we;' l`vd orejka ms<snZoj .;fyd;a idudkHfhka m@d:usl jirj, l`vd
orejkayg lsishuz ixl,amhla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla ,nd oSug m@cdkk me;slv Tiafia
mrsY@uhla oerSug jvd wdfjzok me;slv Tiafia ta wjfndaOh ,nd oSug mrsY@uhla oerSu
M,odhl nejz mejish yelsh' jevsysgshkag idfmaCIlj l`vd orejkaf.a fud<fhys jrAOkh
wju ugzgul mej;Su m@cdkk me;slvg jvd wdfjzok me;slv jvd;a m@;sM,odhl jSu
flfrys n,mdkq ,nk idOlh fjz' tfukau l`vd orejkag ixl,am wjfndaO lrjSfuz oS
Tjqkaf.a ufkdaNdjhg .e,fmk ixl,am f;dard .ekSug is|= fjz' us;@YS,S nj jeks
ixl,amhla jvd;a myiqfjka l`vd orefjl`f.a wjOdkhg md;@ fjz' us;@YS,S nj is; msrsis|=
lrk is; ieye,a,qjg m;a lrjk ishquz udkqIsl wdfjzokhla nejska l`vd orejka jvd;a
fydZoska th .@yKh lr.kshs' us;@YS,S nj hk ixl,amfhys fiiq me;slv w;rska wdfjzok
me;slv jvd;a fydZoska l`vd orejka jsiska wjfndaO lr.ekSu fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd tu
ixl,amh l`vd orejka w;r m@p,s; jSug fya;`jhs' l`vd orejka hkq jevsysgshka olajd
fud<fhys jrAOkh is|= jkakd jQ mqoa.,hka ksid l`vd orejkag mjd jvd;a fydZoska fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv .@yKh lr .ekSug yels kuz fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok
me;slv TzkEu ;rd;srul mqoa.,fhl` jsiska myiqfjka bf.ksh yels yd myiqfjka
wjfndaO lr osh yels nj ukdj meyeos,s fjz'59
;j;a f,ilska .;fyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv jvd;a
m@n, jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhysu .enz jkakd jQ ixl,amShuh w.h jvd;a Ndjuh
wxYhg jevs keUqrejla oelajSu ksid nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk"
prAhd hk me;slv folg jvd wdfjzok me;slv m@n, jkqfha tys fuu ixl,amfhys
idrOrAu w.h jvd;a Ndjuh wxYhg jevs keUqrejla we;s f,ilska jsoHudk jSu ksidhs'
ksoiqkla f,i .;fyd;a we;euz ixl,am tys idrOrAu w.h w;ska jevs keUqrejla olajkqfha
115

23. m@cdkk me;slv fj;gh' jspdr mQrAjl nj jeks ixl,amhla fuz .Khg jefgz' ;j;a
iuyr ixl,am tajdfhys idrOrAu w.h w;ska jevs keUqrejla m@orAYkh lrkqfha prAhd
me;slv fj;hs' mfrdamldrh jeks ixl,am fuz fldgig wh;a fjz' by; ksoiqka folskau
js.@yl< wdldrhg fu;a;d ixl,amfhys idrOrAu w.h w;ska jevs keUqrejla m@lg
lrkqfha wdfjzok me;slv fj; nj fuz wkqj meyeos,s jsh hq;`h'60 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
jHdma;sh flfrys fulS lreK Okd;aul f,i Ndjs;d lr.kq ,nkafka kuz wdfjzok
me;slv flaJ|@ fldgf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa.,hka fj; bosrsm;a l< hq;` nj fuhska
fmkajd fokq ,nhs'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv fiiq me;slvj,g jvd meyeos,sju
mqoa.,dka;r ikaksfjzokh flfrys m@;scdkkd;aul ia:uzNkhla we;s lrjk nj fuhska
;yjqre flfrA'61 tu;` o fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ffcj jsoHd;aul
jYfhka usksia yeisrSuz yd usksia l@shdldrluz jsIfhys jvd;a ixfjzokd;aul jYfhka
n,mdkq ,nk nj o fuhska meyeos,s fjz' iakdhq yd tys ieleiau tuZ.ska huz huz
ixfjzokhka ,nd .ekSu hkdosh wdfjzok me;slfvys ldrAhNdrh f,i ie,lsh yelsh'
nq|=iufhys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok moku iuznJOfhka bosrsm;a lrkakd jQ
OrAulreKq ffjoH jsoHd;aul meyeos,s lsrSuz yd mrAfhaIKd;aul m@;sM, ksid jrA;udk
fndfydafokdyg fN#;slj mjd myiqfjka oel n,d.; yelsh' ffjoH jsoHd;aul oDIaGs
fldKfhka i,lf;d;a" reOsrfhys wekv@,Ska m@udKh wju jSu uZ.ska wys;lr ps;a;fjz.Sh
wdfjzokj, ixisZoSu fmkakquz lrhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska ixfjzokh
lrkakd jQ iakdhquh ixfjzokh ksid isrer ;`< uqZM uy;a ffcj l@shdjkays ys;lr
mrsjrA;khla we;s fjz' isrefrys iajNdjsl m@;sYla;sh fuz ksid by< w.hla lrd kxjkq
,nhs' isrere.; m@;sYla;slrK moaO;sh Yla;su;ajSu jsjsO f,v frda. yd wdidokj,ska
wdrCIdjSu flfrys Wmia:uzNl fjz'
cSjSyq idudkHfhka wdfjz.YS,S iajNdjhlska hqla;j lghq;` lsrSug oevs
repshla olaj;s' fufia jkafka wdfjz.YS,S yeisrSug Tjqka olajk kuHYS,S Ndjhhs'
we;euzjsgl oS fufia jkafka usksid o tla;rd iFj jsfYaIhla ksid usksid ;`< o fiiq
iFjhkayg Wreu jk fmd|= iFj .`K wka;rA.; cdkuh iajNdjh .enzjk nejska hehs
wkqudk l< yel' wdfjz.YS,Sj lghq;` lsrSug fiiq iFj j.!hd fiau usksiqka olajk jevs
keUqrej yd leue;a; fya;`fldg f.k iudchla jeks usksia iuQyhla jdih lrk ia:dkhl
wkjYH .egquz yd l,flda,dy, we;s lrjSug uZ. mdokq ,nhs' tnZ|= wkjYH .egquz yd
l,flda,dy, we;s jsgl oS usksid l@shdlrkqfha o idudkH iFj f,dalfhys fiiq iFj
jsfYaIhka l@shdlrkakd jQ wdldrhguh' iuyr jsfgl oS usksid thskq;a my< ia:dkhlg
m;ajk nj ;rula Wmydifhka hq;`j mejiSug mjd wm mqre|=j isgsuq' fuh fufia jkafka
m@cdkk me;slv uQ,sl fldgf.k huz huz foa ms<snoj jspdr mQrAjl ks.ukj,g meusKSug
116

24. jvd wdfjzok me;slv flaJ|@ fldgf.k huz huz foa ms<snZoj wdfjz.YS,S ufkdaNdjhkag
m;ajSug usksid iajNdjslju olajk repslFjhhs' funZ|= repslFjhla usksiqka jsiska
m@orAYkh lrkqfha ula ksido hk m@Yakhg ms<s;`r f,i ngysr ufkdajsoHdj yd udkj
jsoHdj jsiska fmkajd fokq ,nk iFj yd udkj mrsKduh iuznJO we;euz isoaOdka;
nq|=iuh jsiska ta jQ wdldrfhkau wkqu; fkdlrk nejska Bg jvd jspdr mQrAjl f,i ta
ms<snZoj is;d ne,Sug wm;`< fm<Ujsula we;s jsh hq;`h'
usksiqka iajNdjfhkau jsjsO repslFj" jsjsO .;s isrs;a yd jsjsO udkisl ;,
Wreu lrf.ku nsysjk nj nq|=iuh ms<s.kshs' kdkd;a; ldfh kdk;a; iZ[[dZ hkqfjka
aZ
oelafjkqfha o usksiqkaf.a fuu jsjsO jQ iajNdjhhs' usksiqka jsjsO jk ksid iudch o jsjsO
fjhs' fuz jsjsOFjh wd;audrA:fhka hqla; jQ l, jsIu nj ckkh fjz' jsjsOFjh jsIu nj
yg.ekajSug taldhk fya;`j fkdfj;;a" jsjsOFjh ksid jsIu nj we;s jSug wjldY
ie,fia' tla w;lska w;audrA:lduS nj ksid usksiqka jsIu jk w;r wd;audrA:h iuZ.sh"
iyfhda.h yd iduQysl osjs meje;au jskdY lr ouhs' usksiqka Tjqfkdjqka tlsfkldg oafjzI
lr.kakd jQ uy;a wd;audrA:lduS mqoa.,hka jSug tjka ;;ajhla ukd msgsjy,la imhhs'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh u;` jkafka fujka jd;djrKhla ;`, oS jk w;r
wdfjzok iajNdjfhys mj;skakd jQ ;Sj@ .`Kh fya;` fldgf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh flfrys
TzkEu usksia is;la wdlrAIKh fjz' usksia isf;ys wdlrAYKh rZod mj;afka lsishuz
ixl,amhla flfrys is; wdYla; jkafka kuz muKs' ta w;ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok
me;slfvys mj;akd wdfjzok wdYla;;djh ksid th jvd;a usksia yeZ.Suz .@yKh lrhs'
usksid muKla fkdj ljr huz cSjsfhl` fyda fuu wdYla; njg weZoS hkafkauh' wdYla;
iajNdjh wdYdj fkdfjz' ;Kaydj wdYla; jSfuka wdYdj ckkh jk w;r fu;a;d
ixl,amh wdYla; jSfuka us;@Fjfhka imsrsKq iduQyslFjh nsys fjz' fydZo fyda krl TzkEu
ixl,amhl wdYla; jSfuz iuzNdjs;dj u; tu ixl,amh fl;ruz m@dfhda.sl wxYfhka
idrA:l jkafkao hk lreK rZod mj;shs' lsishuz ixl,amhla usksia is;g we;`,a jkafka
wdYla; jSfuz l@shdj idrA:lj bgqjkl,h' wdfjzokhka kuz wdYla; nj lrd t<USfuys uq,a
mshjrhkah' wdfjzok me;slv jYfhka kuz jkafka o wdYla; jSfuz l@shdj<shuh'
ish,q cSjSka wdYla; nj m@sh lrkafkda jk w;r wdfjzokhkays .enzjk
wdYla; nfjys we,qfkda fj;s' wdYla; njg wruqKq lr.kakd jsjsO wruqKq w;r fu;a;d
ixl,amh jvd;a fydZo wruqKls' fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq lrf.k wdfjzok me;slv ;`<
we;sjk wdYla; nfjys .enzjkafka uD|= yd ieye,a,q ffp;isl jskaokhkah' fuu udkisl
jskaokhka fnfyjskau iqL iy.; jk w;r m@S;sh o ckkh lrhs' fuu iqLh fukau m@S;sh
o yg.kajkafka wdfjzok me;slfvys wdYla; iajNdjh uZ.sks' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amh
jspdr mQrAjl wdl,amhlska hq;`j msrslaid ne,Su uZ.ska wdfjzok me;slvg oefkk iqL
iajNdjh yd m@S;su;a ijNdjh jvd;a jrAOkh l< yel' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iqL
iajNdjh yd m@S;su;a iajNdjh ;`< jspdr mQrAjl pska;kh o wka;rA.;h' us;@Fjh
117

25. yg.kafka ish,q iFjhd jsIfhysu we;s lr.kakd ,o ys;j;a iajNdjh lrKfldgh' tu
ksid wd;audrA:fhka cks;jk uuFjfhka f;drju iudch foi wjOdkh fhduq l< yels
yd iuQyfhka ;ud fjkalr fkd.kakd jQ iuQy.; pska;khg fuhska wjldY jsjr fjz'
fuu iuQy.; pska;kh fu;a;d ixl,amhg iudk yd ta yd neZ|=kq kj ixl,am cks;
lrjSu iZoyd Wmia:uzNk fjz' fujsg ixl,am cks; jkafka ixl,am modi yd fmdl`re
f,ih' tla ixl,amhlska wfkla ixl,amh l`ulaoehs ksjerosj f;drd fnzrd .; fkdyels
jk muKgu os.ska os.g ixl,am je,la fyda ixl,am fmdl`rla nsys lrjSu fuys
mrudrA:hhs' js;rAlkh f,i idudkH jHjydrfhys olakg ,efnk ixl,am f.dkq nsysjSu
tla ixl,amhla flaJ|@,; fldgf.k we;s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh flaJ|@.; fldgf.k
nsysjk ixl,am f.dkqjl ta yd iuznJO jsysxidj" wjHdmdoh yd wfodaih nZ|= ;j;a fu;a;d
ixl,amhu wruqKq lrf.k yg.kakd jQ ixl,am rdYshla f.dkq.; jS ;sfnkq oelsh yels
fjz'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ;`< olakg ,efnk funZ|= ixl,am
f.dkqjla fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq fldg yg.efkk nejska js;rAlkh kuska tu ixl,am
f.dkqj yg.ekSfuz l@shdj yeZoskafjz' fuu ixl,am f.dkq yg.ekSfuz l@shdj,sh jspdr mQrAjl
iajNdjh yd o iuznJO;djhla fmkajkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq fldgf.k is;ays
cks; jk jspdr mQrAjl udkisl iajNdjh ksid jspdrj;a f,i ;j ;j;a Bg iudk
ixl,am yg.kajhs' tf,iskau m@S;sh yd iqLh jeks wdfjzok iajNdjhka ksid Bg iudk
i;`g" ieye,a,qj" wdya,doh yd fiduzki jeks wdfjzok iajNdjhka is;ays cks; fjz' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slvg wruqKqjk fuu m@S;sh yd iqLh jeks ixfjzokhka fukau
fu;a;d ixl,amhg iudk fjk;a ixl,amhkays wdfjzok me;slvg wruqKqjk fndfyda
ixfjzokhka we;' ksoiqkla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amhg iudk fjk;a ixl,amhka jsysxidj"
wjHdmdoh yd wfodaih jk jsg" tajeks ixl,amkays wdfjzok me;slvg ixfjzokh jkafka
isis,i" uD|=nj" ldreKslnj" iduQyslFjh yd iuZ.sh jeks wdYla;l .`Khka fjz' fuz
wdYla; .`Khka uZ.ska usksid we;`ZM fiiq iFjhska cSj ys;jdoS ia:djrhl msysgqjd,kq
,nhs' fuf,dj wLKav meje;aug fulS cSj ys;jdoS wdl,amhka w;HjYH idOlhls' yqfola
wdl,amhka muKla ;snqfha jS uq;a th fkdiefya' tu wdl,am wdOHd;au.; jS iuia; ffcj
l@shdjka ta uZ.ska md,kh jk ;rug ;oska th uq,a neif.k mej;Su wjYHh' ffcj
wdfjzok me;slv ;`<ska bgq lrkq ,nkafka hf:dala; ldrAhh Ndrhhs' ffcjSka nqoaOs ugzgu
w;ska jsjsOh' ixl,am m@cdkkh flfrys ffcj nqoaOs ugzgu n,mdkq ,nhs' we;euz ixl,am
nqoaOs ugzgfuka wfmaCIs; ia:dkfhys fkdisgsk cSjSfhl`yg ksis whqrska m@cdkkh fkdfjz'
kuq;a ta |=n,;djh wdfjzok me;slfvys jsoHudk fkdfjz' wdfjzok me;slv flfrys nqoaOs
ugzgu n,dmq ,nkafka b;du wju wdldrfhks' nqoaOs ugzgu w;ska b;du m@d:ussl cSjshdg;a
b;d by< nqoaOs ugzgulska hqla; cSjshdg;a hk mqoa., fldgzgdY fol w;r;`r isgsk TzkEu
cSjS fldgilg wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska b;d myiqfjka ixl,am ixfjzokh lsrSug mqZMjk'
118

26. we;euz wjia:dj, oS ixl,am wdfjzokh lsrSfuz l@shdj<sh fjzokd hk kuska o
fn#oaO idys;Hh ;`< olajd ;sfnz' wdfjzokfhys iajNdjh u; tuZ.ska nsysjk fjzokdj
iem" |=la fyda uOHia:;djh t<jk iqZM tlla jSug bv ;sfnz' fjzokd uZ.ska iFjhka ;`<
nsys lrkafka jsZoSuhs' ke;fyd;a jskaokhhs' th fN#;sl mCIfhka .;fyd;a iakdhquh
ixfjzokhla fjz' tfukau fud<fhys wod< m@foaYhkays ridhksl m@;sl@shdjl iajrEmhla
fjz' foay wNHka;r ffcj iudfhdack l@shdjl m@;sM,hla fjz' kuq;a fuys oS tys iajrEmh
jvd;a jeo.;a jkqfha wdfjzok mCIfhys ,d th wod< jk muKgh' fu;a;d ixl,amh
wdfjzok me;slv ;`, oS fjzokd iajrEmfhka ksrEmKh jk wdldrh ms<snZoj fidhd ne,Su
uZ.ska fjzokdfjys h:d iajNdjh ms<snZoj wmg jvd;a meyeos,s ks.ukhlg meusKSug
mqZMjkalu ,efnz' huzlsis jsIh.; wruqKla bJ|@sh oajdrhl oS wod< wruqK yd bJ|@sh
iamrAY jSu;a" tlS iamrAYh fya;`fjka yg.kakd jQ ishquz ixfjzokh fjzokd kdufhka
fn#oaO ixorANh ;`< oS ud;DldjSu;a fu;a;d ixl,am ksid yg.efkk fjzokdfjys h:d
iajNdjh ms<snZoj .fjzIKh lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl`yg b;d jsYd, lreKq iuzNdrhla
Wlyd.; yels ia:dk fjz'
wjYHfhkau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ms<snZoj idlpzPd
lsrSfuz oS fnd|= oyfuz fjzokd kuska yZ|=kajk wxYh ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu jeo.;a
jkafka us;@YS,SNdjh mqoa.,fhl`yg oefkkafka flfiao yd Tyq jsiska th jsZo ord .kqfha
flfiao hk lreKq fuz ;`< .enzjk nejsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh wdfjzok mCIfhka is;g iqj
t<jk iqZM wdfjzokhls' tuksid fjzokd wxYfhka o tys .enzjkqfha iqL fjzokdj hehs
Wml,amkhlg meusKsh yelsh'62 ngysr ufkda jsoHdj ;`< fuz iqL fjzokdj fndfyda
fldgu iodpdr yd idrOrAu jrAOkh lsrSfuys ,d m@;scdkkd;aul ia:uzNkhla jYfhka
Ndjs;d jS ;sfnz' fuh iqL mrujdoh hk kuska ngysr ufkdajsoHdj yZ|=kajkq ,nhs' ffcj
jsoHd;aulj iFjhka ;`< iajNdjslju msysgd we;s iqjhg we;s leue;a; fuys oS iqL mru
jdoh hk kuska yZ|=kajkq ,nk w;r th iajNdjsl fm@arKhla f,iska l@shd;aul jk nj
fndfyda ufkda jsoHdZ{hska jsiska m@ldY lr ;snsKs' usksid jsiska is|= lrkq ,nk fndfyda
l@shdjka md,kh lrkq ,nkafka ta l@shdjka ksid Tyqg w;ajsZoSug is|= jkakd jQ iqL iy.; jQ
fulS udkisl fm@arKh nj jsjsO usksiqka weiqfrka is|= lrkq ,enQ jsjsO mrAfhaIK lghq;`
j,oS ;yjqre lrf.k ;sfnz' tfukau fuu iqL iy.; udkisl fm@arKh wOHdmk ufkda
jsoHdj ;`< oSo prAhd ixialrK l@uYs,amhla f,i Ndjs;hg f.k ;sfnz' jsjsO wOHdmk
ufkda jsoHdZ{hska jsiska fuz iuznJOfhka b;du;a jeo.;a jQ u; m< lr ;sfnz'63 prAhdjka
ixialrKh hkq prAhdjka md,kh lsrSu fyda fjkia lsrSu hkqhs' ta khska .;al< fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ;`< .enzjk ufkda jsYaf,aIKd;aul wka;rA.;fhys b;du;a
jsYd, jsoHdkQl~, mokula we;s nj meyeos,s fjz'
119

27. fuys iZoyka prAhd ixialrK ,CIK Wmfhda.S lr.ekSu uZ.ska TzkEu
mqoa.,fhl`yg fuf;la f.k .sh ish wys;lr prAhdjka ;j |=rg;a os.ska os.gu th
mj;ajdf.k fkdf.dia" iudcfhys iqN isoaOshg .e,fmk wkaouska fjkia lr th kej;
;udg yd wka whg .e,fmk f,i ilia lr .ekSug yd udkj wNsjDoaOsh flfrys Wps;
jk wdldrhg ish wdl,am yev .iajd .ekSug yels nj hk ,CIK fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
wdfjzok me;slv ;`< olakg we;s iqjsfYaI;d fjz' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` lsishuz jsIhhla
flfrys wjOdkhla cks; jkafka ta mqoa.,fhyg wod< jsIfhys jgskdlu yd th
yeoErSfuka ;ukag w;ajk M,m@fhdack ms<snZoj i,ld ,nkq ,enSfuka wk;`rejh' tfukau
lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSug fm<fUkafka tys wka;rA.; jeo.;alu yd
th jevSfuka ;ukag w;ajk M, m@fhdack i,ld ne,Sfuka wk;`rejh' fu;a;d ixl,amh
flf;ruz wka whg iudchg m@fhdackj;a jqj;a th jevSfuka ;ukag M, m@fhdackhla w;a
fkdfjz kuz lsishuz flfkl` fuu ixl,amh jevSug uq,a jrg fhduq fkdjkq we;' lsishuz
flfkl` uq,a jrg fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSug fhduq jSfuz wdlrAYKh rZod we;af;a fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ;`< .enzjk iqjodhs yd isis,i okjk is;sjs,s j,ska
iukajs; jQ iqL iy.; yd m@S;sh cks; lrjk fjzokdj ksidh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
wdfjzok me;slv ;`< wka;rA.; Wmfhda.S;duh ,CIK jkafka ienjskau fuz lreKqh'
fu;a;d ixl,amh uq,a jrg jvkakd ta flfrys wdYla; lr .ekSu;a" tu ixl,amh os.ska
os.gu jevSu flfrys weZo neZo ;nd .ekSu;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv ;`<ska
bgqjk ldrAhNdrhhs'
wdfjzok me;slv ksfhdackh lrkakd jQ tla;rd wjia:djla f,i fjzokdj
uq,ska oelajsKs' tfukau tlS fjzokdfjys iajrEmh iqL iy.; yd m@S;sh wka;rA.;
iajNdjhla nj meyeos,s lr.kq ,ensKs' m@S;sh yd iqLh jspdr mQrAjl iajNdjh fya;`
fldgf.k yg.efkk nj;a" fulS iuia; l@shdj<shu fya;`fjka js;rAlkh fyj;a ;j;a
fu;a;d ixl,amh nZ|= ixl,amhka we;slr .ekSu;a" fuys oS jsia;r lrk ,oS' fuz ish,q
lreKq ldrKd fya;` fldgf.k fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv prAhd ixialrK
jsOsl@uhla jYfhka jvd;a m@;sM,odhl jkafka ukaoehs yd th prAhd ixialrK jsOsl@uhla
jYfhka nq|=iufhys Ndjs;d jkafka ukaoehs hk m@Yakj,g usska meyeos,s ms<s;`rla ,efnz' uqZM
uy;a nq|=iuh mqrdu jsia;r flfrkqfha prAhd ixialrK jsOsl@uhka Ndjs;hg .ekSu uZ.ska
mqoa., fm#reIFjh f.dvkZ.d .ekSu ms<snZojhs' fulS mqoa., fm#reIFj f.dvkeZ.`u
yqfola mqoa.,hd foajFjhg muKla Tijd fkd;nkakla fkdjk w;r foajFjh yd bka
Tnzfnys jQ b;du by< ;, olajd mqoa., fm#reIFjh oshqKq l< yels wdldrh fuys
fudkjg meyeos,s flfrA'64 ukqIHFjh" foajFjh" n@yauFjh" wrAy;ajh muKla fkdj mfia
nq|= yd iuzud iuznqoaO ;;ajh olajdu mqoa., fm#reIh f.dvkeZ.sh yels nj uska ukdj
fmkajd fokq ,nhs'
120

28. nq|= iufhys wdfjzok me;slfvys iajrEmh b;d ishquzj mqZM,aj wrA:
ksrEmKh fldg olajd ;sfnz' we;euz jsfgl oS oafjzIh" fl@daOh" ffu;@sh jYfhka hym;a
fpz;kd jYfhka o whym;a fpz;kd jYfhka o wdfjzok me;slfvys l@shdldrSFjh jsia;r
lr olajd ;sfnz' ixLdr jYfhka fjzokd iajrEmhg miqj tysu jsldYkhla jYfhka fuu
wdfjzok me;slv olajd ;sfnz' wdfjzok me;slv nq|=iufhka js.@y flfrk ixLdr fldgi
uZ.ska ksis whqrska jsia;r l< fkdyels jqj o fjzokd fldgi iy ixLdr hk fldgia fofla
tl;`j ;`< wdfjzok me;slv ksrEmKh jkafka hehs i,ld .; yelsh' tfia kuz lsishuz
ixl,amhl ixLdr ixfjzokh uZ.ska tlS ixl,amh flfrys tlS cSjshd olajk Tyqgu wkkH
jq m@;spdrh ms<snzoj huzlsis ks.ukhlg t<USfuz yelshdj we;' wdfjzokh hkq mqoa.,
jsIhg wkkH jQ ;;ajhla nejska wdfjzokfhys oS mqoa., jsfYaI;d o tlS wdfjzok l@shdj<sh
flfrys n,mdkq ,nhs' we;euzjsg mqoa., wdl,amhka huzlsis f,ilska wdfjzok l@shdj<sh
flfrys iDKd;aul f,i n,mE yels w;r ;j;a f,ilska Okd;aul f,i n,mE yelsh' fuz
ksid wdfjzok l@shdj<sfhys ;Sj@;djh iZoyd n,mdkq ,nk tlu fya;`j tlS wdfjzok
l@shj<sh iZoyd wruqKq lr.kakd ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjhu fkdjsh yelsh' ;j;a wjia:djl
oS wdfjzok l@shdj<sh iZoyd wruqKq lr.kakd jQ ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh ksid o m@n,
fkdjk wdfjzokhka jvd;a ;Sj@ f,iska oefkkakg mqZMjk' fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq
lrf.k yg .kq ,nk wdfjzokhl fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s m@n,Fjh mqoa., prs;
iajNdjh wkqj fuz ksid |=n, jsh yelsh' mqoa.,hd oafjzI prs;hla kuz fl;ruz fu;a;d
ixl,aamh jvkq ,enQj;a fuz wkqj tlajru Tyq wffjrS mqoa.,fhl` njg mrsjrA;kh fjz
hehs wmg ms<s.ekSug wmyiqh' wfkla w;g huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` iajNdjfhkau ffu;@S
iajNdjfhka hqla; wfhl` jS kuz l,d;`rlska fyda Tyqf.a is;g oafjzIh msjsisfha jS kuq|=
jyd tlS oafjzIh is;ska bj;a jS hk nj;a" Ouzumofhys fmkajd oS ;sfnz' iajNdjfhkau
ffu;@S pska;kfhka hqla; wfhl` ;j |=rg;a fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lrkafka jS kuz
iajNdjfhkau oafjzIfhka hqla; mqoa.,hdg jvd myiqfjka yd ;sr f,iu fy;u
ffu;@sfhys msysgkafkl` fjz'
nq|=iufhys fpz;kdj olajd we;af;a o wdfjzok me;slvg iudkqmd;slj
l@shd;aul jk whqrlsks' fpz;kdyx NslaLfjz luzux jodus hk mdGfhka .uH jk mrsos
huzlsis wdfjzokhl .enzjk mqoa.,uh wkkH;djh os.ska os.gu tlS wkkH;djh ;yjqre
lrf.k hEfuz l@shdj<sh flfrysu lsishuz fm<USula we;s lrk nj fmfkkag ;sfnz'65
iFjhka iir iersierSfuys fya;`j jYfhka olajk wjsoHdj mjd yg.ekSug ;`vq fok
lreK jkafka fufia mqoa., wkkH;djhla flfrys os.ska os.gu oevs f,i f,dn neZoSuhs'
wdfjzokfhys mj;akd jQ usksia is; jiZ. lrk iqZM nj fulS wkkH;djh os.ska os.gu
mj;ajd .ekSug m@Odku fya;`j fjz' wdfjzok me;slv usksia is; jiZ. lrkqfha os.ska os.gu
iqLh yd m@S;sh ms<snZoj fkdikaisZ|=kq n,dfmdfrd;a;`jla is;g ,nd oSu ;`,sks' iajNdjslju
iEu wdfjzokhlau fjkiajk njska hqla;h' tnejska ta weiqfrka yg .kqfha |=lla yd
w;Dma;slr nj ms<snZoj yeZ.Sula usila iqLh yd m@S;sh fkdfjz' is; lrkafka jrA;udkfhys
121

29. mqoa.,hdyg flosklj; fkd,efnk tfy;a wkd.;fhys ,efn;ehs lsis|= ;rAldkQl~,
mokula u; fkdfmkajsh yels jQ uk%l,ams; iqLhla yd m@S;shla ms<snZoj jHdc
n,dfmdfrd;a;` yd fpz;kd os.ska os.g is;ays my< lr.ksuska mqoa., is; thska weZo neZo
;nd .ekSuhs' ienjskau we;af;a wiykh yd w;Dma;sh kuz ta ;;ajh ms<s.ekSu fjkqjg
jHdc ;;ajhla ,qyqneZo hdu ;j ;j;a is; fjfyig yd l,lsrSug m;alrjk iqZM fjz' uska
is;g oafjzIh ms<sl`<l iajrEmfhka we;s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu uZ.ska is|= lrkafka
wdfjzok me;slv ksid iFjhdyg ksrdhdifhkau Wreu jk fuz by; olajk ,o udkisl
wiykfhka yd l,lsrSfuka Tyqj uqojd .ekSuhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu uZ.ska mqoa.,hd
yg jrA;udkfhys Tyqg jsZoskakg ,efnk wdfjzokj, wiykldrS yd w;Dma;slr iajNdjh
kqjKska oek yZ|=kd .ksuska tajdfhys wks;H iajNdjh wjfndaO lruska is; mSvdjg
m;afkdfjuska wluzms;j jsZo ord .ekSug yqrejla ukfiys we;s lrjkq ,nhs' fuu ;;ajh
wdfjzokhkays yq|= fjzokd mCIh blau kqjKska msrsisZo olskakg yqre jSuls' nq|=iuh fuz
;;ajh hful`yg tlajru mila lr.; yels hehs mjkafka ke;' kuq;a ta ;;ajh lrd
b;du l@udkQl~,j hd yels .uka uZ.la meyeos,sju nq|=iufhys jsia;r lroS ;sfnz'
nq|=iufhys p;`rdrAh i;Hh ;`< olajd we;af;a by; lS .uka uZ. ms<snZo b;du m@Yia;
js.@yhhs' tysoS wiykh yd w;Dma;sh;a" tlS wiykh yd w;Dma;sh we;sjSug fya;`j;a" tlS
wiykh yd w;Dma;sh |=re lr.kakd jsOsl@uh;a yd tu jsOsl@uh Ndjs;fhka wiykh yd
w;Dma;sh |=re lr.ekSu;a hk i;rjsO i;Hhka bka jsYo flfrA'
ffcj f,dj;`< bkakd tlu iFjhd ;ud fkdjk nj;a" ;uka ish,q ffcj
f,dj ;`< wxY`jla muKla nj;a mila lr.ekSu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl` i;rjsO i;Hh ms<snZo
m@;HCI wjfndaOh ,nhs'66 tuZ.ska fy;u ;uka hkqfjka ;u mqoa., wkkH;djh wfkla
iFjhka w;frka fjka lr f.dvkZ.d .kakd udkisl m@fCIamkh mokuz lr.;a uuFjjdoS
jQ jHdc oDIaGsh nsZo oud ienE orAYkhg m@jsIaG fjhs' m<uq orAYkh m@jsIaGfhys oSu fy;u
;j |=rg;a ndysr u;jdoj,ska ps;a; m@fCIamk ;j |=rg;a f.dvfkdZ.kakd jQ meyeos,s
m@;HCI wjfndaOhla ,nd wdrAhh kdufhka yeZoskafjk Wiia udkisl oshqKqjla w;am;a
lr.kakd ,o mqoa.,fhla njg meusfKhs' ;j |=rg;a ;ud ,nk ,o m@;HCI wjfndaOh
Tiafia is; fufyhjk fy;u ;ksju ;uka ,nd.kakd ,o orAYk udrA.fhys l~Gm@dma;s
wjia:dj jQ ish,q ffcj f,dj;`< ;ud hkqfjka f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,o mqoa.,sl udkisl
m@fCIamK ish,a, w;yer oud ish is; ta yeu fohskau ixisZojuska ksjd .kakd wjia:djlg
meusfKa'67 ish,q ffcj f,dj flfrys mrsmQrAK ffu;@sfhka hqla;j l,amkd l< yels tlu
udkisl wjia:dj fuh fjz' fuz olajd ish,q iFjhka flfrys ffu;@sh m@.`K lrkq ,nqj;a
th lsishuz wd.usl Ydia;Djrfhl` jsiska wkqoek jod< ksid Ydia;D f.#rjh fmroers
lrf.k jvk fu;a;d ixl,amhla usil fujeks mrsmQrAK wjfndaOfhka ksrdhdifhkau
isf;ys meKkZ.sk ;;ajhla fkdfjz' ish,q udk ixLHd; oDIaGSka ish,a, wZMhu ,Q l`Kqfl<
msvla fia w;yer ouk ,o fulS W;`uz wrAy;ajhg m;a ry;kajykafia ksrdhdifhkau ish,q
122

30. f,daljdiS ffcj m@cdj flfrys ksre;aidylju fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j lghq;`
lsrSug iu;a jk fial'68 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slfvys mrsmQrAK ksIaGdj
fujsg Wkajykafia jsiska w;am;a lrf.k isgsk nejska Wkajykafiaf.a is; yeu jsglu
ikaiqkah' ksYap,h' meyeos,s ksi, js,l osh fuks'69
nq|=iuh ;`< wdfjzok me;slfvys l~Gm@dma;sh olajd we;af;a fpzf;da jsuqla;s
hk kdufhks' tfukau m@cdkk me;slfvys l~Gm@dma;s wjia:dj m@Z{d jsuqla;s kdufhka
olajd we;' wdfjzok yd m@cdkk me;slv foflysu tlajka l~Gm@dma;s wjia:dj wksus;a;
jsuqla;s kdufhka olajd we;' fuys oS m@Z{d jsuqla;sh msKsi Y`kH;d jsfudCIh;a" fpzf;da
jsuqla;sh msKsi wmKays; jsfudCIh;a" WNf;da jsuqla;sh msKsi wksus;a; jsfudCIh;a olajd
;sfnz' fuys oS jeo.;a jkqfha wdfjzok me;slfvys l@shdldrSFjh ksrEmKh jk fjzf;da
jsuqla;s yd WNf;da jsuqla;s hk fol muKs' fpzf;da jsuqla;sh flfrys n,mdkq ,nk ixl,am
w;rska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@uqL ia:dkhla .kq ,nk nj iZoyka jS ;sfnz' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys .enzjk iqL y.; iajNdjh yd m@S;su;a iajNdjh uZ.ska isf;ys .egquzldrS yd
l,lsreKq .;sh uZ.yrjkq ,nhs' jvd;a myiqfjka is; tlZ. lrjk w;r ps;a; iudOsh
,nd .ekqug ufydamldrS fjz' ps;a; iudOsfhys by<u wjia:d f,#lsl OHdk uZ.ska
ksrEmKh jk w;r ps;a; mdrsY`oaOsfhys f,daflda;a;r wjia:djka ud.!M, kdufhka
oelafjz' fuys f,#lsl OHdk iudOsfhys by<u ysKsfm;a; ksrEmKh lrk w;r
f,daflda;a;r OHdk m@Z{dfjys yd ps;af;al.@;djfhys by<u ysKsfm;a; ksrEmKh lrhs'
isysh yd wLKav ksrSCIKh ud.!M,hkag meusKSug jsOsl@uh fjz' tys wdfjzok l~Gm@dma;sh
iuZ.u m@Z{d l~Gm@dma;sh o wka;rA.;h' wdfjzok me;slv flaJ|@lrf.k wdfjzok
l~Gm@dma;sh uZ.ska m@Z{d l~Gm@dma;sh we;s lr.kakd l@ufjzohg fpzf;da jsuqla;sh hehs
jHjydr lrk w;r" wdfjzok me;slv yd m@cdkk me;slv hk me;slv folu bjy,a
lrf.k ta fol uZ.skau wdfjzok yd mZ@{d l~Gm@dma;sh we;s lr.kakd jsOsl@uhg WNf;da
jsuqla;sh hehs jHjydr lrkq ,nhs' fpzf;da jsuqla;sh yd WNf;da jsuqla;sh hk jsOsl@uhka
fol msKsiu wdfjzok me;slv i;` jQ wdfjzok .`Kh Wmldrj;a fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh
mdol lrf.k hfula is; ixisZ|=jhs kuz fyda m@Z{dj wjOs lrhs kuz fyda is; ixisZojSu yd
m@Z{dj wjOs lrjSu hk folu is|=lrhs kuz fyda wdfjzok me;slv i;` jQ m@;sNdjh thska
jgyd .; yelsh'70
fu;a;d ixl,amh i;` jQ ishquz nj yd uD|= iajNdjh ksid th Wmldr
lrf.k wdfjzok me;slv Tiafia ;ukag wjYH mrsos ;ukaf.a is; yiqrejd .ekSug
mqoa.,hka yg uska uy;a rel`,la ie,fia' ffcj wdfjzok me;slv ilia jS ;sfnkqfha b;d
ishquz ixfjzokhkag mjd jyd m@;spdr oelajSfuz myiqj we;s jk mrsosh' th tla;rd |=rlg
iFj .`Khla jYfhkao iZoyka lsrSug yelsh' iFj .`Khla jQ wdfjzokh ffcj prAhdjka
ixialrKh lsrSu msKsi o nq|=r|=ka jsiska b;du;a m@Yia; wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .kq ,en
123

31. ;snqKq nj fu;a;d ixl,amh ta iZoyd wkqoek jodrd we;s wdldrh wkqj meyeos,s fjz'
fu;a;d ixl,amh jO!kh lsrSug mjd iSudjla oelajsh fkdyels mrsoafoka ;srsika"usksia"
foaj yd n@yau hk ljr ffcj fldgilg jqjo wdfjzok wjYH;djhka ;Dma;su;a jk mrsos
Ndjs;d l< yels f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok mCIh ishquz lulska hqla;j olajd
we;' wdfjzok me;slv ishquz jkakg jkakg ;srsika.; iFjhdf.a isg n@yau ldhsl cSjShd
olajd ffcj ;,h Wiia jk w;r" ffcj ;,h tnZ|= f,ilska Wiia jkakg jkakg wdfjzok
me;slfvys ishquz iajNdjh o Wiia fjz' ta wdldrfhkau wdfjzok me;slv rZM jkakg jkakg
n@yau ldhsl cSjshdf.a isg ;srsika.; iFjhd olajd ffcj ;,h my< niskakg mgka
.kshs' tfiau ffcj ;,h my< niskakg niskakg ta ;,j, isgsk cSjSkaf.a wdfjzok
me;slv rZM jkakg fjz' fuhska fmfkkafka wdfjzok me;slv iy ffcj ;,h w;r wkqf,dau
iudkqmd;hla olakg ,efnk njhs' fuzz ksid ksrAjdKh nZ|= Wiia wruqKla lrd iuzm@dma;s
jSug wosgka lrf.k isgsk iEu flfkl` jsiskau ish wdfjzok ;,h yels;dla |=rg rZM
wdfjzokhkaf.ka jsksrAuqla;j yd yels;dla |=rg ishquz wdfjzokhkaf.ka hqla;j mj;ajd
.ekSug W;aiyj;a jsh hq;`h'71 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys olakg we;s jsfYaIFjh jkqfha tuZ.ska
iFj wdfjzok me;slv yels;dla |=rlg ishquz lsrSuhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh b;du;au ishquz
wdfjzokhla nejska fuz wdldrfhka tlS wdfjzokfhka os.ska os.gu ish is;a i;ka mqrjd
.kakd jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a is;a uD|= yd ieye,a,q njg m;afjz' fulS ieye,a,q iajNdjh
Wmfhda.S lr.ksuska iFj ps;a;h ;srYapdk iajNdjfhyss isg n@yau iajNdjh olajd Wiia
;,hlg m@jsYaG lr,Sfuz yelshdj we;s lr .kshs' tmuKla o fkdj wjidk mrudorAYh
jYfhka fmkjd fokq ,nk laf,aY ksrAfjzoh jk ksrAjdKh keue;s w;sm@KS;;r udkisl
wdfjzokh <Z.d lr.ekSug mjd fulS fu;a;d ixl,amh uyZ.` msgsjy<la fjz'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv usksia is;a i;ka fi#uH yeZ.`uska
mqrjd,hs' usksiqka tlsfkld w;r mj;sk ;rZ.h tlS ;rZ.h fya;`fjka Wkqka yd w;r
we;sjk oafjzIh m<jd yer ukqIHFjfhys WKqiquska is;a f;;a lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska usksi;alu fl;ruz W;`uz fohlao yd usksi;alu
wrAy;ajh mfia nqoaOjh yd iuzud iuznqoaOFjh olajd jevs oshqKq l< yels nj usksiqkayg
myod fokq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh usksia iudch iduQyslFjfhka weZo neZo ;nd .kakd
nJOkhla yd iudkh' jsjsO ixl,amhka usksia is;a i;ka ;`<g m@fjzY jSfuzoS tu m@fjzYh
is|=jkq ,nkakd jQ wdfjzok me;slv fyj;a jskaokd;aul mCIh jvd;a m@Yia;j ;nd.ekSu
uZ.ska m@fjzYjkq ,nk wd.ka;`l ixl,amhka jvd;a fydZoska wjfndaO lr.ekSug wjldY
ie,fihs' fuu ixl,am wjfndaOh fydZoska m@Yia; ugzguska is|=jSu mYapd;a ld,Skj nqoaOsuh
jYfhkao ufydamldrS fjhs' iFjhdf.a nqoaOsuh wxYh m@ldY jkafka m@cdkk me;slv uZ.ska
jk nejska wdfjzok me;slfvys l@shdldrSFjh uekjska mj;ajd .ekSu m@cdkk me;slfvys
oshqKq ikaksfjzok yelshdj flfrys Wmia:uzNl jk nj fuysoS meyeos,s fjz' fuhska m@lg
jkqfha wdfjzok me;slfvys l@shdldrSFjh fjk;a fiiq wxY iuZ. iyiuznJOfhka
;`,kd;aul f,i jrAOkh jSu flfrys o Wmia:uzNl jk njhs' fuu lreK fu;a;d
124

32. ixl,amh iuznJOfhka jvd;a ;yjqre flfrk ldrKhls' ulaksido h;a fu;a;d
ixl,amfhka is;a i;ka uD|= yd ieye,a,q lsrSug wjYH flfrk udkisl jgdmsgdj
myiqfjka f.dvkefZ.k nejsks' ieye,a,q yd uD|= udkisl jgdmsgdjla iys; mrsirhla ;`,
oS TzkEu mqoa.,fhl`f.a m@cdkk yelshdj yd wdfjzok ;Sj@;djh ;j ;j;a by< hk nejsks'
tfukau m@cdkk wxYfhka oshqKqj;au ta wdY@h lrf.k mj;sk prAZhd me;slv uZ.ska wod<
cSjshd ffcj ys;jdoS l@shdldrluzj, ksr;lrkq ,nhs' wfkla w;g os.ska os.gu ffcj
ys;jdoS prAhd rgdjlg wenzneys jSu ksid o tuZ.ska m@cdkk yelshdj yd wdfjzok
;Sj@;djh jrAOkh jk njo fmkS hhs'
fuu tlsfkl wxYhkays ukd ifudaOdkh ksid iuQy.; usksia prAhdjg
ys;lr whqrska m@cdkk" prAhd yd wdfjzok me;slv hk wxY ;`ku jrAOkh fjz' tys
ldrAhCIu;djh by< hhs' iduQysl nj jevs iudc jvd;a blaukska ixjrAOkh lrd msh
Tijkafka o fuz ldrKh ksidh' iduQyslFjh yd us;@YS,S wdl,am mqoa., yd iudc
ixjrAokh fjz.j;a lsrSfuys ,d b;du;a jeo.;a ;ekla .kakd ldrKhls' fuz fya;`j ksid
fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuka TzkEu mqoa.,fhl`f.a ldrAhCIu;djh fyj;a udkisl
Odrs;djh by< kxjk nj lrKSh fu;a;d iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,s fjz' jvd jevs
ldrAhCIu;djhlska iukajs; m@cdkk" prAhd yd wdfjzok hk me;slv ;`k uZ.ska cSjshdf.a
ffcj ;,h o ;srsika fhdksfha isg n@yau f,dalh olajd ixjrAOkh fjuska .uka .kshs'
kuq;a nq|=iuh ish iuh orAYkfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i i,lkqfha n@yau ldhsl
iajNdjfhkao jsksrAuqla; jQ il,jsO jQ laf,aYhkaf.ka ksrAfjsos; wjia:dj jk nejska ta
wjia:dj olajd m@cdkk" prAhd yd wdfjzok me;slvhkays l@shdldrSFjh oshqKq lsrSu" ;Sj@
lsrSu" ishquz lsrSu yd Wiia ;,hlg meusKjSu is|= lrkq ,nhs' fulS Wiia lsrSu l`Y,fhys
fhoSu fyj;a mskaoyuzj, ksr;jSu kuska o thska mrsndysrj wka w;g" jsreoaO osYdNsuqLj
m@cdkk" prAhd yd wdfjzok me;slvhkays l@shdldrSFjh msrsyShdu msKsi wkqn, ,nd oSu
l`Y,fhys fhoSu fyj;a mjzluz lsrSu kuska o wF:! olajd we;' fuz khska .;fyd;a msk
fyj;a l`Y,h ;@sjsO me;slvhkays ixjrAOkh ms<snsUq lrkakla f,iska o mj fyj;a
wl`Y,h ;@sjsO me;slvhkays msrsySu iksgqyka lrkakla f,iska o oelajsh yelsh'72
l`Y,h yd msk o wl`Y,h yd mj o iudkdrA:j;a f,iska jHjyrfhys
fh|=k o fuys b;du;a ishquz fjkialuz fjz' fuys msfkys wdfjzokd;aul iajNdjhg jvd
ishquz njla l`Y, hkafkys o wl`Y,fhys wdfjzokd;aul iajNdjhg jvd rZM njla mj
hkafkayso .enzfjz' fuys uq,skau ish prAhdjka ixialrKh lr.ksuska wdfjzok me;slv
ishquz njg muqKqjd .ekSu wdruzN lr isgsk mqoa.,hdg Wmfoia fokq ,nkafka ffcj
iudch flfrys olajkakd jQ us;@YS,S wdl,amh ksid mj keue;s b;du;au rZM udkisl
wdfjzokj,ska je<flk f,ih' inznmdmiai wlrKx hkafkka th lshfjz' bka wk;`rej
mdmia
;j |=rg;a us;@YS,S Ndjfhys by< ;,hka lrd .uka .kakd mqoa., uki wl`Y, keue;s
fiiq l`vd rZM udkisl wdfjzokj,ska je<lSug;a" mska keue;s ishquz udkisl wdfjzokhkag
125

33. yqre mqre|= lr.ekSug;a Wmfoia fokq ,nhs' bka wk;`rej wod< mqoa.,hdf.a is; ;j |=rg;a
ishquz wdfjzokhkaf.ka hqla; lrkq ioyd l`Y,h jrAOkh lrk f,i Wmfoia fokq ,nhs'
l`i,iai Wmiuzmod hkafkys wrA:h fuhhs' l@udkQl~, f,i ffcj wdfjzohka ishquz lsrSfuz
l@shdj<sh;a tu l@shdj<sh wjidkfhys ish,q laf,aYhkaf.ka jsksrAuqla; jSu olajd is|=jSuz
fm< ish,q iFjhka iZoyd ksrAfoaY jS ;sfnkqfha ips;a; mrsfhdaomkx hkafkks' f,dalfhys
nq|=jre huz;dla my< fj;a o Wkajykafia,d ish,q fokdf.au wruqK jkqfha o f,dljdiS
iEu iFjfhl`u fuu jevms<sfj< m@.`K lruska iirska tf;r lrjSu nj ta;x
nqoaOidikx hkakka lshfjz'73 ish,q nq|=jre fuu jevms<sfj< iuia; f,daljdiS iFjhd fj;
yZ|=kajd fokq ,nkafka Wkajykafia,d ;`< iuia; f,daljdiS iFjhka flfrys we;s us;`re nj
fmrgq fldg.;a wdkqluzmdj ksidh'74 fuz f,dlafhys Wiia;u l<HdK us;@hka iuzud
iuznq|=jre jkqfha fuz ksidh' ish,q iFj j.!hd jsIfhys Wkajykafia,d ;`< jrAOkh jS
;snqKq l,HdK us;@Fjh ksidu Wkajykafia, fulS iWmfoaYhka iFjhka fj; m@odkh
lr;a' wdfjzok me;slv ishquz lsrSfuz jHhdhuh ;`< .enzjkqfha o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
Ndjs;djhs'
ish,q iFjhd fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j jsiSu ffcj ys;jdoS udkisl
wdl,amhls' tfukau tjsg iFjhd ;uka Wmudjg f.k wkHhka flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh
we;sj jdih lrhs' huz mqoa.,fhl` ;uka ;ukag flf;ruz ys;j;a o tayd iudkju
wkHhka flfrys ys;j;a iajNdjh jrAOkh lr .kshs' huzlsis iudc ia:rhl fuz
wdldrfhka iFjhka jdih lr;ao ta iudch lsis osfkl msrsySug m;a fkdjk w;r osfkka
osk oshqKqj lrd md Tijhs' fndfyda fofkla Bkshd oshqKq j f,i olakd ndysr fN#;sl
oshqKqj kshu oshqKqjla fkdfjz' th iudch yd iudch ;`< bkakd mqoa.,hka tlsfkld
rjgd.ekSula muKs' tf,i u;`msgska oshqKqjla f,i mej;sho Tzcia .,k ;`jd,hla f,i
msg;ska wdjrAKs;j we;`<; l`Kq .Zo .iuska meyejuska os.ska os.gu iudch keue;s
frda.shd ush hkf;la th fkdisZoS mj;S' kuq;a wjxlju iajlSh is; we;`<;skau fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@.`K lrkq ,nk mqoa.,fhl` fyda tnZ|= mqoa.,hka iuQyhlska iEoS we;s
iudchla tf,i u;`msgska olsk oshqKqj fiau wNHka;r .;j we;s oshqKqj ksid flosklj;a
msrSySula we;s fkdfjz' tu iudc ixialD;sh iuZ. noaOj hk l,d Ys,am yd mqoa.,
ridiajdoh o ishquz njg m;alrk ,o usksia wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska fydZo foa muKla ta
;`<g .@yKh lr.; yels wdldrhg th ilia jS we;s ksid lsis osfkl nd, yriqka foa
iudch jsiska fkdb,ajkq ,nhs' ksrdhdifhkau ishquz njg muqKqjk ,o wdfjzok ;`<ska
fydZo foa muKlau ri jsZoSug usksid yqrej we;s fyhsks' fuhska meyeos,s jkqfha iudchla
mjd ilia jSug fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska ishquz njg muqKqjk ,o wdfjzok me;slv
ufydamldrS jk njhs' l,dYs,am j,ska is|=jkqfhao usksiqkaf.a rZM udkisl wdfjzok
Tmugzguz lrjd tajd ishquz njg meusKjSu jk ksid ta wdldrfha l,d ksrAudK tjsg ta
iudcfhys uq,a ;efkl ,d jecfUkq we;' jrA;udkfhys fuka yriqka fohska usksiqka
126

34. uq,djg m;a fkdjkq we;' usksiqka jvd;a w.h lrkakg fm<fUkqfha o yels;dla ishquz
jskaokd;aul foa muKs' fu;ekg mqoa.,dNHka;rh ilia lrkakg kuz fu;a;d ixl,amh
jrAOkh lr.ksuska wdfjzok me;slv ishquz njg mrsjrA;kh lr.ekSug usksiqkag wjldY
ie,ish hq;`h' fuysoS iudchg j.lSuz folla mejfrA' tlla kuz iudch jsiskau wjYH
osYdk;sh ilia lr usksiqkayg tlS wdfjzok ;;ajhkag meusKsug Wmldrj;a jSuhs'
fojekak jkqfha fm#oa.,slju ;u ;uka ;`< wdfjzok l@shdldrSFjh Wiia njg
muqKqjdf.k wk;`rej ;uka ;`,ska ndysr iudchg fulS ;;ajh jsysfok wdldrhg
iudch ;`< lghq;` lsrSuhs' fojekak jvd;a m@fhda.sl jYfhka jeo.;a jqj o wiSre;u
ldrAhh fjz'75
idudkH .sys iudchg wdorAYhla f,i .; yels mrsos ix> iudcfhys
jH=yh yd mrudorAY ilia jS we;' ix> hkafkys wrA:h jkqfha iuQyh hkakhs' fjka l<
fkdyels tl usgshla iuQyhla hk wrA:h bka lshfjz' kuskau ix> iudcfhys mrudrA:
ms<snZoj o< wjfndaOhlg meusKsug yelsjk mrsos kuz flrS we;' kuskau wrA:j;a flfrk
mrsos ix> iudch hkq jrA;udk iudc md,k rgd w;rska jvd oshqKu ,CIK wka;rA.;
mrsmd,k jH=yhla nj mejish yelsh' ix> iudch mqoa., kdhlFjhla jgd f.dkq
fkdjqjla jk w;r mqoa., kdhlFjhl olakg we;s wys;lr ,CIK lsisjla ix> iudchla
;`< fuz ksid olakg fkdfjz' ix> iudchl jsoHudk jkqfha iduQysl md,k rgdjls' tys
wrA:h iuia;hd iuia;hd uZ.skau md,kh lrkq ,nkafkah hk kHhdhhs' fuz wkqj ix>
iudcfhys tla tla idudcslhdyg idudcsl jgskdula fuz uZ.ska mjrd fokq ,en we;af;ah'
fuz iuQy.; iudcfhys fldgia lrefjl` jSug kuz ;udyg mjrd fokq ,nk hq;`luz
j.lSuz fldgi ;ukag mqZMjka Wmrsu whqrska bgq lr oSug fulS idudcslhd wkHhka fj;
iduQyslFjfhys j.lSfuka neZoS isgshs' fuu iduQyslFjh f.dkq jS mj;skqfha ffu;@sh yd
iudk;au;djh jeks iudcuh mrudorAY jgdh' fuz ksid lsishuz ffk;sl isoaOdka;hlska
iudch md,kh lrkjdg jvd jevs ksoyila fuz l@uh hgf;a tu iudcfhys tla tla
idudcslhdg ,efnz'76
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv iuznJOfhka b;du jeo.;a
ksrAfoaYhka ix> iudch wdY@s;j imhd .; yelsh' uq,a hq.fhys ix> iudch ilia jS
;snqfKa mejsos cSjs;fhys uQ,sl mrudrA: Wfoid mejsos jQ msrsilf.ka nejska yqfola Tjqkaf.a
uQ,sl wNsm@dh jQfhao yels blaukska tlS mrudrA:hka idCId;a lr.ekSuhs' fuz iZoyd Tjqka
jsfYaI oekquz oSulska fyda wK oSulska f;drj b;du iyfhda.fhka ffu;@sfhka hqla;j ;u
;ukaf.a uQ,sl wruqK jQ wrAy;ajh ,enSfuys jHdhduh jgd frdao neZof.k Wkay' Tjqyq
iajNdjfhkau pduz w,afmapzP iy is,aj;a cSjs;hla .; l<y' ikaksOsldr mrsfNdackfhka
f;drj" fN#;sl wjYH;d w;sYhskau iSud lr mj;ajk ix> iudchg uQ,sl ksY@h i;rla
jsh'77 fuu uQ,sl ksY@h i;r wdY@h lr.ksuska yd fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok
127

35. me;slfvys ishquz nj w;aolsuska ieye,a,q cSjs;hla Tjqyq .; l<y' ieye,a,q nj ksidu ix>
iudch w;sYhskau us;@YS,S wdla,m j,ska iukajs; jsKs' uq, oS ieye,a,q nj m@;HCI jYfhka
w;aolsuska f.k.sh w,afmapzP cSjs;h Tjqfkdjqka tlsfkldg olajk ,o us;@YS,s wdl,amh
jshelShdu;a iuZ.u l@ufhka ixlSrAK jkakg jsh'78 uq, oS ir<Fjh .enz jQ ix> iudch
wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj ksid us;@YS,S cSjk rgdfjka neyer jS l@ufhka ixlSrAK njg
mrsjrA;kh jS wjidkfhys ixia:d.; jq nj meyeos,sj fmfkkakls' mYapd;a ld,Sk
jYfhka ix> iudch ixlSrAK jQj;a tys uq,a ld,Sk wruqKqj,ska neyer fkdjSu ix>
iudch msysgqjSfuz wfmaCIdjh' tnejska nq|=rcdKka jykafia uQ<sl NsCIq mrudrA:hkag ydks
fkdjk mrsoafoka mYapd;a ld,Skj jsldYh jQ ix> iudch jsiska w;am;a lr.kakd ,o ta
w;sfrAl ,dN ms<s.ekSu yd mrsfNdackh ms<snZo jsjsO jskh kshuhka m@ldYhg m;a lsrSfuys
wjY;djh Woa.; jQ w;r ld,Skj we;s jQ iudc jsmrAhdihkag wkqj jskh kshuhka o
m@ldYhg m;ajsh'79
jskh ffk;sl mokula .enzjk fohla jqj;a" nq|=iufhys iZoyka jk jskh
kS;s yqfola ffk;sl mokula msKsiu mKjk ,o fohla fkdfjz' tys wruqK fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys .enzjk ishquz udkisl wdfjzokh ta jQ wdldrfhkau ix> iudch ;`< ia:dms;
lsrSu iZoyd wjYH lrk udkisl jd;djrKhl /ljrKh NsCIQkajykafia,dg ,ndoSuhs'
fuu woyi fmroers fldgf.k fulS woyi l`ZM .ekafjk mrsos m@d;sfudCIfhys ksrEms;
jskh m@Z{ma;Ska iliaj we;' ta jskh kshuhka w;r uq,a ;ek .;af;a idx>sl l@uhhs' fuhska
woyia lrkqfha ix> iudch i;` foa mqoa., ika;l fkdlr iuQyhd ika;l lsrSuhs'
iuQyhdf.a jeo.;alu olsk iudchla yegshg ix> iudch yeZoskajsh yelshs' tys oS ish,q
fokdg ix> iudcfhys iudcuh jgskdluz iu fia wdfrdamKh jS ;sfnz' ix> iudcfha
w;sfrAl ,dn jYfhka ,efnk isjzmih iuQyhdg ika;l lsrSu hkq ish,q fokdf.a wjYH;d
Wfoid lem lsrSu hkakhs'80 idx>sl foam< l@uh m@cd;dka;@sl ,CIK m@lg lrkqfha ta
mrsfNdack l@uh ;`< us;@YS,S iudc mrsirh mdol lrf.k ish cSjk rgdj f.k.sh lsis|=
NsCIqjla meje;au ms<snZoj fjfyig m;a fkdfjk nejsks' wfkla w;g .Dyia:hska fuka
uqo,a bmhSfuys kshqla; jSu NsCIQFjh uQ,sl mrudrA:fhka .s,syS fjfyig meusKSuls'
iuQyhd jsiska mqoa.,hd iqrCIs; lrk nejska ix> iudch ;`< fm#oa.,sl Okj;a njla
;snSu wjYH fkdfjz' tfukau fm#oa.,slj lrk odkhg jvd iduQysl odkfhys wdksixY
fkdtlajsg nq|=r|=ka jsiska jodrd ;sfnz' uska fy<sfmfy<s jkqfha us;@YS,S yeisrSuz rgdfjys
jeo.;alu iduQyslFjh iqrCIs; lsrSfuys oS jeo.;ajk njhs' nq|=rcdKkajykafia mqoa.,sl
odkhg jvd iuQy.; odkfhys w.h jod<y'81 Wkajykafia iuQyhd yd iuQyfhys us;@YS,S
wdl,amh mj;ajd .ekSu ms<snZoj olajk ,o ie,ls,su;a nj uska m@lg fjhs' wdrdu fikiqka
msrskeuSu;a" iuZ. wdrdusl jQ fkdfhla NdKav w;sfrAl ,dN jYfhka ix> iuQyhd fj;
msrskeuSu is|= jsh' lsis|= m@;s,dNhla mqoa.,fhl` ika;l fkdlr iuQyhd jsIfhys mejrSu
uZ.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;` jQfha" ix> msrsi w;sYhskau ys;j;a iajNdjhla" tfukau Tjqfkdjqka
128

36. flfrys ie,lsu;a jk iajNdjhla we;slsrSuhs'82 us;@YS,S nj uq,afldg.;a" iuQyhdf.a
meje;au myiqjkq msKsi fuz iZ.i;` foam< mrsyrKfha oS ta ta mqoa.,hdf.a wjYH;djh
ms<snZoj jevs ie,ls,a,la oelajSu ix> iudch ;`< idudkHfhka olakg ,efnz' thska
mqoa.,fhl` ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`f.a wjYH;djh ms<sno ie,ls,su;ajSug;a" ;uka yd
wkHhkaf.a wjYH;d i,ld n,d lsishuz us;@SYS,S wdl,amhlska hqla;j wkHhka jsIfhys
lghq;` lsrSug;a ix> iudcfhys idudcslhska yeu foku mdfya Wkka|= jsKs' fuhska
wkHhka jsIfhys us;@YS,s wdl,amhlska lghq;` lsrSug ix> iudcfhys idudcsl msrsi yqre
mqre|= jsKs'83 ix> iudcfhys wksjdrAhfhkau mej;sh hq;` jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh neyerjSu
ksid huz wl@usl;djhla is|= jqjfyd;a thg j.lsj hq;` NsCIqj iuQyhd fj;ska jskhdkQl~,
oZvqjulg Ndckh fjhs' tu oZvqju mjd tu NsCIqjg ,ndfokq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh
fmroers lrf.k tu NsCIqj tu jroska uqojd .ekSfuz fpz;kdjks' mqoa.,hd iuQyhdg
j.lsj hq;` nejska ish,q fokd fj;u lghq;` ms<snZo j.lSuz iy.; njla ;snsh hq;` fjz'
iduQysl iudchl ;snsh hq;` us;@YS,s wdl,amh jrAOkh jSug fuh wksjdrAh idOlhla
fjz'84 idx>sl foam, iuQy mrsfNdackhg ,lajk jsg tajdfha ukd meje;au yd wdrCIdj
is|=jsh hq;af;a us;@YS,s njska neZ|=kd jQ iuQyhd w;skauh'85 ish,q ix>hd jykafia fmd|=fjz
;u j.lSuz fldgi yZ|=kdf.k mj;ajk fikiqka jsyrKfha ffu;@S mQrAjl wdfjzokfhys
uD|= ugis,sgs iajNdjh fuhska meyeos,s fjz' wkHhkaf.a ys;iqj msKsi l@shdlrkakd jQ
us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska iukajs; jQ NsCIqjla huz jsydria:dkhl jdih lrkafka kuz tys jik
wkH NsCIQkaf.a fi#LH ixrCIKh msKsi ish wjOdkh wksjdrAhfhkau fhduq l< hq;` nejz
nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska fmkajd fokq ,enSh'86 idx>sl foam< iqrCIs;j us;@YS,S
wdl,amfhka hqla;j mrsfNdackh lsrSfuz j.lSuz iys; nj uska m@ldYs;h' iiqka ms<sfj;g
ms<smka NsCIQkaf.a fmd|= wruqK f,i ie,flk ksrAjdK m@drm@dma;sh ,en .ekafuys uQ,
OrAuh jkqfha iduQysl foam< mrsyrKhhs'87 iuQyhdf.a meje;au myiqjSu msKsi wkqoek
jodrd we;s fuz jskh kshuhka us;@YS,S whqrska iduQysl osjs fmfj;la .;lrkq ,nk
mqoa.,hdf.a iudcSh j.lSu m@lg lrkq ,nhs'
ksrAjdK ,dNh iajlSh tlu mru ksIaGdj fldg i,ld l@shdlsrSfuz j.lSu
orK ix> iudcfhys udkisl wdfjzok me;slfvys ishquz nj rZod nj;afka ;rZ.ldrS osjs
rgdfjka w;ausoS iduQysl cSjs;hla lrkjdkuz muKla nejska hf:dala; ldrAhh idOkfhys
,d ix> iudch ksr;lrjSu msKsi foam< flfrys mqoa.,sl ysusluz meje;ajSfuz whs;sh iSud
lr ;sfnz' tnejska ix> iudcfhys l@shd;aul jkqfha iduQysl foam< l@uhls' fuz iduQysl
ix> foam< fm#oa.,slj mejrsh fkd yelsh' fm#oa.,slj fikiqka mejrE tla wjia:djl
nq|=rcdKka jykafia thg .ryd iZ. i;` jia;~ka fm#oa.,sl whs;shg fkd osh hq;` nj
iuzu; l<y' wdrdufha wdrdusl jia;` lsisjla fm#oa.,sl whs;shg .ekSu" mejrSu wkqu;
fkdjk wdldrh bka fmfka' fm#oa.,sl ika;l fkdjQjo tajd jsOsu;aj mrsyrKh lsrSfuz
whs;sh iEu fokd jykafiag ;sfnz' fuz mrsyrK l@uh ksid NsCIqj ;DIaKd odi Ndjhg
129

37. fkd meusfKa' jsydrfhys ;uka iuZ. jik wfkla ish,q fokd iuZ.u iyfhda.fhka lghq;`
lsrSug fm<fUz' ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj mdol lrf.k fuu lghq;`j, ksr; fjz' fu;a;d
ixl,amh fya;`fjka yg.kakd hym;a iqjodhs udkisl wdfjzokhl miqjkafka fjz' wdrdusl
lghq;` is|= lsrSfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lr.kakd ,o wdfjzok ugzgul isg tlS
lghq;` l, yels jk wdldrhg m@Z{ma;s yd wkq m@Z{ma;s iliaj we;' w;sfrAl ,dNh
jYfhka jsydria:dj,g ,efnkakd jQ jsjsO odkudk yd msrslr nyq, jSug fmr mgkau
msKavmd;h mjd iduQysl mrsyrKhg fhduq l, hq;` wdldrh olakg ,efnz' fuu
iduQyslFjh ;`,ska iuZ.sh;a" fu;a;d ixl,amh;a jrAOkh jS wjidkfhys nq|=iufhka
wfmaCIs; wjidk ksIaGdj jQ ksrAjdK iuzm@dma;sh lrd mqoa., uki wkql@ufhka fhduqjk
wdldrhg wdfjzok me;slv ilialsrSu fuhska woyia jS we;' ix>hdf.a idrdKSh OrAuhla
f,i wvq jYfhka md;@ mrAhdmkak jQ wdusIhla fjz kuz th wiqj,dg fkdj" wiqj,dgh
hkqfjka fjka lsrSula fkdue;sj in@yaupdrSka yd idOdrK fNda.S jsh hq;` nj fmkajd oS
;sfnz'88 fuz uZ.ska o wfmaCIdlr ;sfnkqfha ish meje;au ms,snZoj lsis|= wu;r fjfyila
fkdf.k ;ukaf.a uQ,sl wruqK jk wrAy;ajh ,nd .ekSu msKsi jSrAhh jevSug wjYH
lrk udkisl ksoyila ix> iudcfhys idudcslhkag ,ndoSuhs'
fuz uZ.ska ish wjidk jsuqla;sh idCId;a lr.ekSu jsIfhys W;aiql jSu jskd
fjk;a lsis|= f,#lsl wNsm@dhhla uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQkag fkdjQ nejska ;;a hq.h ;`< ndysr
m@Z{ma;s wkqidrfhka Wla; iudc jgdmsgdjla f.dv keZ.Sfuys wjYH;djhla we;s fkdjsKs'
uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQkaf.a wej;`uz mej;`uz o f.dvkeZ.S ;snqfKa Tjqkaf.a by; lS mrudrA:uh
wOs.uh yels blaukska YdlaId;a lr.ekSfuz wNs,dYfhka ksid Tjqka w;ska is|= jk
b;du;au iqZM w;miqjSula wrUhd isysm;a lrjSuz iajrEmfhka is|= lrkakd jQ isys leZojSula
muKla wjYH jQjd jskd l< hq;` yd fkdl< hq;` foa fuzjdh fujeks foa l< fyd;a fujeks
oZvqjuz jsZoskakg is|= fjzh hkdoS jYfhka oKavkd;aul iajrEmfha wdZ{djla Tjqka jsIfhys
meKjSfuz wjYH;djhla Woa.; fkdjSh' fu;a;d ixl,amh wka;rA.; wdfjzok miqnsula
mokuz lrf.k ix> iudcfhys tla tla idudcslhdf.a is;`uz me;`uz ta wkqj ilia
lr.ekSug wkqn, ,ensK' mqoa.,d;aul jYfhka o ksoyia yeisrSuz rgdjla ;`< lghq;`
lrkakg bv ie,iSu usksia wdfjzok wxYfhka jvd;a m@;sM,odhl lreKls' thg fya;`j
wdOHd;aul ixjrAOkh we;s lr,Sfuys,d udkisl wxYh jvd;a m@Odk;ajh .kakd nejska
udkisl iqj myiqj yd ksoyi N`la;s jsZoskakd jQ mrsirhla iemhSu iajlSh wruqKq jvd;a
myiqfjka uia;m@dma; lr.ekSu jsIfhys b;du;au jeo.;ah' udkisl ksoyi N`la;s jsZoSu
hkqfjka woyia jkafka is;~ u;fhys w;a;fkdau;sl f,i lghq;` lsrSu fkdj huzlsis
iodpdrd;aul jgdmsgdjla ;`< ;ukaf.a wruqKq lrd hk w;ru wkHhkaf.a ksoyio N`la;s
jsZoSug iq|=iq fu;a;d ixl,am wdfjzok mokulska hqla; udkisl miqnsula Tjqkag ilia
lroSfuys Wmldrj;a jk ksoyia iulduS udkisl jd;djrKhls'89
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