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uxjh; LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds fy,
       foRrh; izca/ku eSU;qvy



            e/;izns’k 'kklu
 uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl


              ^^izkstsDV mRFkku**
    e/;izns'k xjhcksUeq[k 'kgjh lsok dk;ZØe
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                              s                                   a          Z                    a



izLrkouk%&

           izn'k esa 'kgjhdj.k rhoz xfr ls gks jgk gS ,oa izn'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk cgqr c<k fgLlk 'kgjh
               s                                               s
{ks=ksa ls izkIr gksrk gSA 'kgjkas ds rhozrj xfr ls gksrs fodkl ds dkj.k 'kgjh lq'kklu ,oa fodkl dsUnz ,oa jkT;
'kklu dh izkFkfedrkvksa esa izeq[k :i ls lfEefyr fd;k tkdj bl ij vf/kdkf/kd /;ku iwjs ns'k esa fn;k tk
jgk gSA ifj.kker% 'kgjh fodkl ds fy;s LFkkuh; uxjh; fudk; egRroiw.kZ ,tsalh gS ,oa budh egRrk dks
le>rs gq, oS/kkfud 'kfDr;ksa ,oa Lok;Rrk] foRrh; la'kk/ku] rduhdh lgk;rk ,oa {kerko/kZu tSls dk;Z
ts,u,u;wvkj,e ,oa vU; 'kklu izk;ksftr ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls fd;s tk jgs gSA
         uxjh; iz'kklu esa lq/kkj ,oa 'kgjh fodkl ds y{;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq e/;izns'k jkT; vxz.kh; jgk gS rFkk
e/;izn'k xjhcksUeq[k 'kgjh lsok dk;ZØe tSls egRroiw.kZ lq/kkj vk/kkfjr ifj;kstukvksa dk lapkyu dj jgk gSA
       s
e/;izn'k 'kgjh xjhcksUeq[k lsok dk;ZØe tks fd e/;izn'k 'kklu ,oa fczfV'k ljdkj ds varZjk"Vh; fodkl
       s                                               s
foHkkx ¼Mh,QvkbZMh½ ds lg;ksx ls uxjikfyd lq/kkj ,oa lqn`<hdj.k ds dk;Z jkT; ds fofHkUUk fudk;ksa esa fd;s
tk jgs gSA
        e/;izn'k 'kgjh xjhcksUeq[k lsok dk;ZØe dks iznk; foRrh; lgk;rk dk ,d eq[; mn~ns'; LFkkuh;
                s
uxjh; fudk;ksa ds foRrh; izc/ku dks lq/kkjuk gSA bl dk;Z esa fudk;ksa dks vusd dfBukbZ;ka vkrh gS ftl
                                a
dkj.k ls os vius la'kk/kuksa ,oa ctV] ykxr] O;; izca/ku] visf{kr izkfIr;ksa dk izc/ku] udn izca/ku ,oa foRrh;
                                                                                  a
izc/ku ls tqMs fo"k;ksa dk foosdlEer ,oa mi;qDr izc/ku ugh dj ikrs gSA
   a                                               a
          e/;izn'k 'kklu dk ;g iz;kl gS fd bl fn'kk esa fudk;ksa dks rduhdh ,oa foK ekxZn'kZu iznku fd;k
                  s
tk;sA foRrh; izca/ku ij vkn'kZ O;ogkj gsrq ;g esU;qvy e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa dh xBukbZ;ksa dks /;ku esa
                                                            s
j[krs gq, uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx e/;izn'k 'kklu }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k gSA ;g iz;kl laHkor%
                                                   s
iwjs ns'k Hkj esa igyk iz;kl gSA bl esU;qvy dh lgk;rk ls u dsoy e/;izn'k jkT; esa fudk;ksa dks csgrj
                                                                            s
foRrh; izca/ku ds y{;ksa dks izkIr fd;k tk ldsxk oju~ ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa ds fy;s Hkh ;g esU;qvy mi;ksxh
lanHkZ lkexzh fl) gksxhA
           bl esU;qvy ds ek/;e ls fudk;ksa esa csgrj foRrh; izca/ku dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, mnkgj.k lfgr
le>kus ds vfrfjDr foRrh; izc/ku ds O;ogkfjd igywvksa ij lS)kafrd tkudkjh Hkh ljy Hkk"kk esa izLrqr dh
                                a
xbZ gS ftlesa mi;ksx vkus okys lk/ku@rduhd tSls foRrh; fo'ys"k.k] izpkyu ctV] iw¡thxr ctV] udn]
izkfIr;k¡] vnk;xh ;ksX; Hkqxrku] ,oa _.k izc/ku] ifjlEifRr izca/ku] foRrh; lwpuk iz.kkyh] vkarfjd fu;a=.k
                                            a
vkfn dks le>k;k x;k gSA
        ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd e/;izn'k ds fudk; bl esU;qvy esa of.kZr vkn'kZ foRrh; izc/ku O;ogkj dks
                                      s                                                    a
viuk,axs ,oa blls fudk; dh foRrh; fLFkfr dks lq/kkjus esa egRroiw.kZ ;ksxnku ns ldsxA ;g Hkh vis{kk fd
                                                                                     a s
tkrh gS dh bl esU;qvy esa tehuha okLrfodrkvksa ,oa vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij vksj lq/kkj djus gsrq lq>ko izkIr
gksaxA
     s
       eSa vk'kk djrk gwa fd ;g esU;qvy uxjh; fudk;ksa dks foRrh; n`f"Vdks.k ls lqn`< ,oa fVdkÅ cukus esa
fuf'pr gh lgk;d gksxkA
                                                                                                vk;qDr
                                                                                       uxjh; iz’kklu ,oa fodkl
Hkksiky
fnukad % 08@11@2011


                                                                                                                                          -2-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                   s                                   a          Z                    a




 vuqØef.kdk%&
     ef.kdk%&

e/;izn’k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksZRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy rS;kj djuk
      s                                   a                                a




     uxjh; iz’kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx                                                                                                   1

     1-           ifjp;                                                                                                              13

     1-1          bl eSuvy dk mn~n';
                        q         s                                                                                                  13

     1-2          mi;ksxdrkZvksa dk y{;hr lewg                                                                                       13

     1-3          bl eSuvy dk mi;ksx dSls djs
                        q                                                                                                            13

     1-4          eSuqvy dk <kapk                                                                                                    13

     2-           foRrh; izc/ku dk ifjp;
                            a                                                                                                        15

     2-1          foRrh; izc/ku ifjHkkf"kr djuk
                            a                                                                                                        15

     2-2          uxjh; fudk;ksa esa foRrh; izc/aku dh vko’;drk                                                                      15

     2-3          foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k,a
                            a                                                                                                        16

     3-           ctV izfØ;k,a                                                                                                       18

     3-1          vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                        18
          3.1.1      ifjHkk"kk,a                                                                                                     18
          3.1.2      ctV ds mn~n’;
                                 s                                                                                                   19
          3.1.3      ,d vkn’kZ ctV ds ?kVd                                                                                           20
          3.1.4      ctV rduhdsa                                                                                                     20


     3-2          ctV dh vPNh izfØ;k,a                                                                                               33
          3.2.1      ctV rS;kj djuk                                                                                                  33
          3.2.2      iwthxr ctV
                       a                                                                                                             34
          3.2.3      ctVh; rduhdsa                                                                                                   34


                                                                                                                                               -3-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                          s                                   a          Z                    a


     3.2.4      ctV dk fu;a=.k@fØ;kUo;u@iz'kklu                                                                                             34
     3.2.5      ctV dh fuxjkuh rFkk ewY;kadu                                                                                                35

3-3          viuk;s tkus gsrq vuq'kaflr uhfr;ka                                                                                             36
     3.3.1      vko`fRr ,oa le; lkj.kh                                                                                                      36
     3.3.2      rS;kjh dk vk/kkj                                                                                                            36
     3.3.3      jktLo vuqekuksa esa vuqnkjrk                                                                                                37
     3.3.4      foRrh; fu;a=.k                                                                                                              37
     3.3.5      izLrqrhdj.k rFkk izi=@izk:i                                                                                                 37
     3.3.6      ctV dk vafre 'ks"k                                                                                                          39
     3.3.7      leh{kk rFkk iqujh{k.k                                                                                                       39
     3.3.8      vU; uhfr;ka                                                                                                                 39

3-4          izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                       39
     3.4.1      pj.k    1   & ctV uhfr;ksa rFkk midj.kksa dk fodkl                                                                          40
     3.4.2      pj.k    2   & ctVh; rduhdksa ds vuqi;ksx
                                                      z                                                                                     41
     3.4.3      pj.k    3   jktLo ctV izkDdyuksa dks rS;kj@fuEkkZ.k djuk                                                                    44
     3.4.4      pj.k    4   iwthxr ctV izkDdyuksa dks rS;kj djuk@fuekZ.k djuk
                              a                                                                                                             48
     3.4.5      pj.k    5   & vk;qDr@eq[; uxj ikfydk vf/kdkjh }kjk ctV leh{kk                                                               51
     3.4.6      pj.k    6   vuq'kalk,a rFkk Lohd`fr                                                                                         51

3-5          izdj.k v/;;u % oMksnjk uxj fuxe esa ctVh; lq/kkj                                                                               52
     3.5.1      lq/kkjksa ds iwoZ ctVh; O;oLFkk                                                                                             52
     3.5.2      oMksnjk uxj fuxe ds ctV iz.kkyh dh ize[k dfe;ka
                                                       q                                                                                    53
     3.5.3      oMksnjk uxj fuxe esa ctVh; lq/kkj dk;Z                                                                                      55
     3.5.4      ifj.kke@miyfC/;ka                                                                                                           56

4-           iwth lq/kkj dk;ZØe rFkk iwth ctV
               a                       a                                                                                                    58

4-1          vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                    58
     4.1.1      iwth lq/kkj@fuos'k ;kstuk
                  a                                                                                                                         58
     4.1.2      iwth ctV
                  a                                                                                                                         58
     4.1.3      iwth fuos'k ifj;kstukvksa dk lapkyu ctV ls i`FkDddj.k
                  a                                                                                                                         58
     4.1.4      jktLo rFkk iwth ds :i esa O;; dk oxhZdj.k
                              a                                                                                                             58

4-2          iwth fuos'k dk;ZØe dh mRre izfØ;k,a
               a                                                                                                                            59

4-3          viukus gsrq vuq'kaflr uhfr;ka                                                                                                  59
     4.3.1      iwth fuos'k ;kstuk dks rS;kj fd;k tkuk
                  a                                                                                                                         59
     4.3.2      foRrh; nwjnf'kZrk                                                                                                           59
     4.3.3      lhvkbZih ls iwth ctV dk vuqikr
                              a                                                                                                             60

4-4          izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                       60
     4.4.1      lhvkbZih ¼lhvkbZih½ fodflr djus gsrq vko';d 'krsZ vFkok lkeF;Zdkjh O;oLFkk                                                  60
     4.4.2      pj.k 1 % n`f"Vdks.k] fe'ku] y{; ] mn~n'; rFkk j.kuhfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djuk
                                                       s                                                                                    61
     4.4.3      pj.k 2 uhfr;ksa dk xBu                                                                                                      63
     4.4.4      pj.k 3 % orZeku vkfLr;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k                                                                                      64
     4.4.5      pj.k 4 % lq/kkj gsrq {ks=ksa dh igpku                                                                                       65
     4.4.6      pj.k 5 % foRrh; {kerk dk fo'ys"k.k                                                                                          66
                                                                                                                                            69


                                                                                                                                                      -4-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                         s                                   a          Z                    a


     4.4.7       dne 6 izkajfHkd iwth fuos'k ;kstuk
                                   a                                                                                                       71
     4.4.8       pj.k 7 % foRrh; rFkk lapkyu ;kstuk rS;kj djuk                                                                             74
     4.4.9       pj.k 8 ewY;kadu ;ksX; foRrh; fodYi                                                                                        75
     4.4.10      pj.k 9 vfUre iwth fuos'k ;kstuk
                                 a

4-5           izdj.k v/;;u % iq.ks uxj fuxe dh iwth fuos'k ;kstuk
                                                 a                                                                                         75
     4.5.1       mn~n';] fotu] fe'ku] y{; vkfn ifjHkkf"kr djuk
                         s                                                                                                                 75
     4.5.2       ekStnk vkfLr;ksa dk vkadyu
                       w                                                                                                                   75
     4.5.3       lq/kkj gsrq {ks=ksa dh igpku                                                                                              75
     4.5.4       iq.ks uxj fuxe dh fuos'k {kerk dk vkadyu rFkk foRrh; lapkyu ;kstuk rS;kj djuk                                             76
     4.5.5       iwth fuos'k ;kstuk dk izk:i tSlk iq.ks uxj fuxe }kjk viuk;k x;k%
                   a                                                                                                                       78


5-            udnh izc/ku
                      a                                                                                                                    82

5-1           vo/kkj.kk                                                                                                                    82
     5.1.1       udnh izokg iz{ksi.k                                                                                                       83


5-2           uxnh izc/ku dh vPNh izfØ;k,W
                      a                                                                                                                    83
     5.2.1       jksdM+ cgh                                                                                                                83
     5.2.2       fuos'kksa dk izca/ku                                                                                                      84
     5.2.3       uxnh izokg iz{ksi.k                                                                                                       84
     5.2.4       cdk;k jkf'k dh olwyh                                                                                                      84


5-3           uhfr;kW                                                                                                                      85
     5.3.1       uxnh 'ks"k                                                                                                                85
     5.3.2       vfrfjDr uxnh dk fuos'k                                                                                                    85
     5.3.3       fuos'k xfrfof/k ij izfrosnu                                                                                               85
     5.3.4       vuqikyu                                                                                                                   85
     5.3.5       foRrh; vkfLr;ksa dh lqj{kk                                                                                                85
     5.3.6       HkkSfrd jksdM+ cgh [kkrksa dk feyku                                                                                       86


5-4           izfØ;k,W                                                                                                                     86
     5.4.1       dk;Z'khy iwth dk izca/ku
                            a                                                                                                              86
     5.4.2       udnh izokg iz{ksi.k gsrq izfØ;k                                                                                           89
     5.4.3       udnh izokg ctV iwokZuqeku rduhdksa dk vuqi;ksx
                                                           z                                                                               93

6-            izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku
                                 a                                                                                                         98

6-1           vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                  98
     6.1.1       ys[kk izkfIr;ka                                                                                                           98
     6.1.2       ys[kk ns;                                                                                                                 98

6-2           izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku dh mRre izfØ;k,a
                                 a                                                                                                         98


6-3           uhfr;ka                                                                                                                      99
     6.3.1       mPp laxg njksa dks dk;e j[kuk
                        z                                                                                                                  99
     6.3.2       vf/kd cdk;k Hkqxrkuksa dh yxkrkj tkap                                                                                     99


                                                                                                                                                     -5-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                            s                                   a          Z                    a


     6.3.3      dj@'kqYdksa ij NwV                                                                                                             99
     6.3.4      ekax dh lwpuk                                                                                                                 100
     6.3.5      n.M C;kt                                                                                                                      100
     6.3.6      okjaV tkjh djuk                                                                                                               100
     6.3.7      lEifRr dj ls lacf/kr Mwcr _.k dk viys[ku
                                  a                                                                                                           100

6-4          izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                        100
     6.4.1      pj.k 1 % vkUrfjd fu;a=.k dk lqn<+ fodkl
                                                  `                                                                                           100
     6.4.2      pj.k 2 % uxnh laxg.k esa o`f) gsrq midj.kksa dk vao"k.k] fo'ys"k.k rFkk fØ;kUo;u
                                   z                               s                                                                          100
     6.4.3      pj.k 3 % laforj.k gsrq midj.kksa dk fodkl                                                                                     103
     6.4.4      dne 4 % laxg rFkk laforj.k dh fuxjkuh
                             z                                                                                                                105
     6.4.5      dne 5 % vf/k'ks"k jkf'k dk fuos'k                                                                                             106

7-           _.k izc/ku
                    a                                                                                                                        107

7-1          vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                     107
     7.1.1      ykHk                                                                                                                          107

7-2          _.k izc/ku dh mRre izfØ;k,a
                    a                                                                                                                        108

7-3          uhfr;ka                                                                                                                         108
     7.3.1      vYidkfyd m/kkj                                                                                                                108
     7.3.2      foRrh; nwjnf'kZrk                                                                                                             108
     7.3.3      _.k vf/kizkfIr                                                                                                                109
     7.3.4      dkuwuh izko/kku                                                                                                               109

7-4          izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                        110
     7.4.1      pj.k 1 % uxjh; fudk; dh _.k ysus dh {kerk                                                                                     110
     7.4.2      pj.k 2 % _.k dh vof/k dk fu/kkZj.k ¼vYi vof/k@nh?kZ vof/k½                                                                    111
     7.4.3      dne 3 % _.k dh pqdkSrh                                                                                                        117

7-5          izdj.k v/;;u % oMkSnjk uxj fuxe dh _.k izc/ku j.kuhfr
                                                       a                                                                                     117

8-           vkfLr izc/ku
                      a                                                                                                                      118

8-1          vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                     118

8-2          vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk dh vko';drk
                      a                                                                                                                      118
     8.2.1      vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk gsrq fØ;k,a
                         a                                                                                                                    118
     8.2.2      vkfLr izc/ku gsrq vko';d 'krsZa
                         a                                                                                                                    119
     8.2.3      vkfLr izc/ku dh mRre izfØ;k,a
                         a                                                                                                                    120

8-3          uhfr;ka                                                                                                                         121
     8.3.1      vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk
                          a                                                                                                                   121
     8.3.2      vkfLr;ksa dk foØ;                                                                                                             121

8-4          izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                        121
     8.4.1      dk;Z 1% vfLr izc/ku ;kstuk rS;kj djuk
                                a                                                                                                             121
     8.4.2      dk;Z 2 % vkfLr izca/ku ;kstuk rFkk ctV ls izkIr ifj.kke                                                                       125




                                                                                                                                                        -6-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                                  s                                   a          Z                    a




9-            O;; izc/ku
                     a                                                                                                                             127

10-           ykxr izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                        130

10-1          vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                          130
     10.1.1      ifjHkk"kk,a                                                                                                                        130
     10.1.2      ykxr fu/kkZj.k] ykxr ys[kkadu rFkk ykxr ys[kkadu ifjHkk"kk                                                                         131
     10.1.3      ykxr ds izdkj                                                                                                                      131
     10.1.4      ykxr fu/kkZj.k dk mn~n';s                                                                                                          132
     10.1.5      ykxr ys[kkadu ds mn~n';   s                                                                                                        132
     10.1.6      ykxr i)fr;ka                                                                                                                       132
     10.1.7      ykxr fu/kkZj.k % fu.kZ; ysus gsrq midj.k ds :i esa                                                                                 133

10-2          uhfr;ka                                                                                                                              134
     10.2.1      ykxr uhfr;ka                                                                                                                       134
     10.2.2      mi;ksxdrkZ 'kqYd                                                                                                                   135
     10.2.3      vkfFkZd ykxr olwyh                                                                                                                 135
     10.2.4      mi;ksxdrkZ 'kqYd dh leh{kk                                                                                                         135

10-3          izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                             136
     10.3.1      pj.k    1   %   ,d uxjh; fudk; esa ykxr oLrq fu/kkZj.k rFkk ykxr dsUnz l`tu                                                        136
     10.3.2      pj.k    2   %   ykxrksa dk oxhZdj.k rFkk vkoaVu                                                                                    137
     10.3.3      pj.k    3   %   HkkSfrd ekin.Mksa dk fu/kkZj.k                                                                                     139
     10.3.4      pj.k    4   %   xfrfof/k vk/kkfjr ykxr i= dks cuk;k tkuk                                                                           139
     10.3.5      pj.k    5   %   lhekUr ykxr                                                                                                        141

11-           vkUrfjd fu;a=.k                                                                                                                      146

11-1          vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                          146
     11.1.1      vkarfjd fu;a=.k iz.kkyh dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd                                                                                146
                                                                                                                                                   149
11-2          vkarfjd fu;a=.k dh vPNh izfØ;k,a

11-3          uhfr;ka                                                                                                                              150
     11.3.1      vkarfjd fu;a=.kksa dk xBu                                                                                                          150
     11.3.2      foRrh; ysu nsu dk vfHkys[ku                                                                                                        150
     11.3.3      foRrh; vkfLr;ksa rFkk vfHkys[kksa dh lqj{kk                                                                                        150

11-4          izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                             150
     11.4.1      pj.k    1   %   vkUrfjd fu;a=.k lq/kkjksa ds mn~n';ksa laca/kh oDrO; rS;kj djuk
                                                                  s                                                                                 151
     11.4.2      pj.k    2   %   is'ksoj leFkZu@lgk;rk ds lac/k esa fu.kZ; ysuk
                                                                a                                                                                   151
     11.4.3      pj.k    3   %   ekStnk vkarfjd fu;a=.k iz.kkyh dk ewY;kadu
                                       w                                                                                                            151
     11.4.4      pj.k    4   %   ekStnk vkarfjd fu;a=.k O;oLFkk dk izy[ku
                                       w                                   s                                                                        152
     11.4.5      pj.k    5   %    uxjh; fudk; }kjk ifjdfYir vU; lq/kkj dk;ksZa dk tk;tk fy;k tk,                                                    153
     11.4.6      pj.k    6   %   mn~n';ksa ds fooj.k dk iqujh{k.k rFkk ifj"d`rhdj.k
                                         s                                                                                                          153
     11.4.7      pj.k    7   %   vkUrfjd fu;a=.k O;oLFkk & fofHkUu dk;ksZa ds fy;s l`tu fn'kk funs'k
                                                                                                  Z                                                 153


12-           foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh
                        a                                                                                                                          160



                                                                                                                                                              -7-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                           s                                   a          Z                    a




12-1       vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                      160
  12.1.1       foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh dh vko';drk
                          a                                                                                                                  160
  12.1.2       izHkkoh ,Q,evkbZ,l gsrq vko';d 'krsZ                                                                                          160
  12.1.3       Lkwpuk vFkZ’kkL=                                                                                                              161




12-2       uhfr;ka                                                                                                                          163
  12.2.1       foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh izfrosnu
                         a                                                                                                                   163
  12.2.2       vfrfjDr ctVh; xfrfof/k;ka                                                                                                     163

12-3       izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                         163
  12.3.1       dne 1 % vko’;d lwpuk gsrq losZ{k.k ‘                                                                                          163
  12.3.2       dne 2 % ekStnk foRrh; izca/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh dk ewY;kadu ¼FMIS½
                             w                                                                                                               163
  12.3.3       dne 3 % fu.kZ;dkrkZvksa dh vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djus gsrq foRrh; izc/aku lwpuk iz.kkyh dk l`tu                               164
  12.3.4       foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh gsrq izk:i ¼FMIS½
                         a                                                                                                                   164

13-        foRrh; fo’ys"k.k                                                                                                                 166


13-1       vo/kkj.kk,a                                                                                                                      166
  13.1.1       czd&bZou fo’ys"k.k
                 s                                                                                                                           166
  13.1.2       foRrh; vuqikr                                                                                                                 169

13-2       foRrh; fo'ys"k.k dh mRre izfØ;k,a                                                                                                187

13-3       uhfr;ka                                                                                                                          187

13-4       izfØ;k,a                                                                                                                         187
  13.4.1       pj.k ,d % egRoiw.kZ ladsrdksa dk p;u rFkk fodkl                                                                               187
  13.4.2       pj.k nks % MsVk@tkudkjh ,d=hr dj.k ,oa ladsrdksa dh x.kuk                                                                     188
  13.4.3       pj.k rhu % ladsrdksa dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk O;k[;k                                                                                 188
  13.4.4       pj.k pkj % ifj.kkeksa dk izLrqrhdj.k                                                                                          189
  13.4.5       milagkj                                                                                                                       189

14-        vf/kizkfIr                                                                                                                       191

ifjf'k"V 1 % ctV gsrq izk:i@izi=                                                                                                            193

ifjf'k"V 2% vkfLr izc/ku gsrq izi=
                     a                                                                                                                      203


ifjf'k"V 3% foRrh; lwpuk izc/ku iz.kkyh gsrq izk:i
                            a                                                                                                               205

ifj'kf"V 4% Vhvksvkj lwph                                                                                                                   217

ifj'kf"V 5% }kjdk uxj fuxe dh foRrh; Tkkudkjh                                                                                               224


                                                                                                                                                       -8-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                     s                                   a          Z                    a




rkfydk vuqØe
rkfydk 1 % foRrh; izc/ku eSuqvy dk <kapk
                     a                                                                                                               14
rkfydk 2 % uxjh; fudk; ds fy;s ykbZu vkbZVe ctV dk mnkgj.k                                                                           21
rkfydk 3 % ykbZu vkbZVe ctV ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku                                                                                      22
rkfydk 4 % dk;ZØe ctVh; i)fr ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku                                                                                     25
rkfydk 5 % 'kwU; vk/kkfjr ctV                                                                                                        26
rkfydk 6 'kwU; vk/kkfjr ctVh; i)fr ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku                                                                               27
rkfydk 7% izn'kZu ekidksa ds uewus                                                                                                   29
rkfydk 8 % izn'kZu ctV ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku                                                                                           30
rkfydk 9 % ctV lajpuk ds fy;s MPMAM esas fu/kkZfjr izi=                                                                              38
rkfydk 10 % ctVh; vkoaVu ls izLrkfor iwthxr fuos'k dk;ksZa dks tksMus rFkk lwph c) djus gsrq
                                       a                           +
                                                                                                                                     42
uewuk izi=
rkfydk 11 foRrh; fLFkfr ,d utj esa                                                                                                   68
rkfydk 12 iz{ksi.kksa gsrq mi;ksx dh xbZ egRoiw.kZ /kkj.kk,a                                                                         72
rkfydk 13 iz{ksi.k ifjn`';                                                                                                           73
rkfydk 14 vk/kkj izdj.k iz{ksi.k &foRriks"k.k i)fr                                                                                   77
rkfydk 15 lq/kkj izdj.k iz{ksi.k &foRriks"k.k i)fr                                                                                   78
rkfydk 16 iq.ks uxj fuxe }kjk rS;kj iwth fuos'k ;kstuk dk izk:i
                                      a                                                                                              79
rkfydk 17 udnh izokg iz{ksi.k gsrq lwpuk ds L=ksr                                                                                    889
rkfydk 18 izo`fRr fo'ys"k.k gsrq MkVk@tkudkjh ,d= djus ckcr~ izi= ¼jkf'k :i;s yk[k es½
                                                                                     a                                               94
rkfydk 19 fuos'kksa ds foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx dk mnkgj.k                                                                                  96
rkfydk 20 nh?kZvof/k foRrh; fodYiksa ds e/; p;Uk gsrq fu.kZ; eSfVZDLk                                                                116
rkfydk 21 ckg~; L=ksrksa }kjk ykxr cpr dk js[kkadu                                                                                   133
rkfydk 22 ykxr fo"k; gsrq dk;Z rFkk dk;Z lacf/kr dksM & ty vkiwfrZ
                                            a                                                                                        136
rkfydk 23 vizR;{k O;; ds foHkktu dks n'kkZrk mnkgj.k                                                                                 138
rkfydk 24 ykxr fu/kkZj.k ds fy;s HkkSfrd ekin.M                                                                                      139
rkfydk 25 ty fuekZ.k foHkkx dh ,d fof'k"V ykxr 'khV                                                                                  139



                                                                                                                                                 -9-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                s                                   a          Z                    a


rkfydk 26 % LVªhV ykbZV lsok gsrq fo|qr 'kqYdksa ls lacf/kr ctV vko';drkvksa dh x.kuk djus
                                                       a
                                                                                                                                193
gsrq izi=
rkfydk 27 % LVªhV ykbZV lsok ds lapkyu rFkk la/kkj.k gsrq ctV vko';drkvksa dh x.kuk djus
                                                                                                                                195
gsrq izi=
rkfydk 28% ty iznk; lsok gsrq ifEiax dk;ksZa ds fo|qr 'kqYdksa ls lacf/kr ctV vko';drkvksa dh
                                                                     a
                                                                                                                                196
x.kuk djus gsrq izi=
rkfydk 29% lhojst ¼ey&ty fudklh½ lsok gsrq ifEiax dk;ksZa ds fo|qr 'kqYdksa ls lacf/kr ctV
                                                                                  a
                                                                                                                                197
vko';drkvksa dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi=
rkfydk 30% okgu rFkk vU; e'khujh gsrq bZ/ku O;; vko';drkvksa gsrq ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq
                                        a
                                                                                                                                197
izi=
rkfydk 31 % okguksa gsrq Vk;j [kjhn ds fy;s ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi=                                                         198
rkfydk 32 % ty vkiwfrZ lsok gsrq Dyksfjuhdj.k vko';drk ds fy;s ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq
                                                                                                                                199
izi=
rkfydk 33 ckg~; L=ksr }kjk lapkyu dh n'kk esa Bksl vif'k"V ifjogu ds fy;s ctV dh x.kuk
                                                                                                                                199
djus gsrq izi=
rkfydk 34 : uxjh; fudk; ds Lo;a ds }kjk lapkyu dh n'kk esa Bksl vif'k"V ifjogu ds fy;s
                                                                                                                                200
ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi=
rkfydk 35 ckg~; L=ksr }kjk lapkyu dh n'kk esa cjlkrh ty fudklh ukyh@ukyk LoPNrk gsrq
                                                                                                                                200
ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi=
rkfydk 36%vf/kd le; ysus okys dk;ksZa gsrq rFkk muds ctV nkf;Roksa dk izkDdyu djus gsrq ctV
                                                                                                                                202
lwpuk MsVk@tkudkjh 'khV




                                                                                                                                          -10-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                  s                                   a          Z                    a




izfrn'kZ rkfydk



   izfrn'kZ 1 foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k
                        a                                                                                                         17

   izfrn'kZ 2 ctV dSyUMj dk uewuk
                     s                                                                                                            40

   izfrn'kZ 3 lapkyu rFkk j[k[kko O;; gsrq fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k                                                                  45

   izfrn'kZ 4 iwthxr dk;ksZa dh igpku rFkk iwthxr ctV dks rS;kj djuk
                a                            a                                                                                    49

   izfrn'kZ 5 ctV rS;kj djus dh izfØ;k dh la{ksfidk                                                                               50

   izfrn'kZ 6 iwthxr fuos'k lacf/kr fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k
                a              a                                                                                                  61

   izfrn'kZ 7 jktLo vk; rFkk O;; ds :>ku % iq.ks uxj fuxe                                                                         66

   izfrn'kZ 8 iwthxr vk; rFkk O;; ds :>ku % iq.ks uxj fuxe
                a                                                                                                                 67

   izfrn'kZ 9 iwthxr fuos'k djus gsrq iq.ks uxj fuxe }kjk vuqlj.k dh xbZ izfØ;k
                a                                                                                                                 75

   izfrn'kZ 10 udnh izokg dk lac/k
                                a                                                                                                 95

   izfrn'kZ 11 vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk rFkk ctV ds e/; lac/k
                        a                             a                                                                           125

   izfrn'kZ 12 vkarfjd fu;a=.k iz.kkyh                                                                                            147

   izfrn'kZ 13 uxjh; fudk;ksa dh lEifRr ls lacf/kr tkudkjh ,d= djus gsrq izk:i
                                              a                                                                                   203

   izfrn'kZ 14 ekfld foRrh; fLFkfr gsrq izi=                                                                                      205

   izfrn'kZ 15 ctVh; izkfIr;ksa ds fo:) okLrfod izkfIr;kas ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i                                       207

   izfrn'kZ 16 ctVh; O;; ds fo:) okLrfod O;; izkfIr;ka ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i                                           208


                                                                                                                                            -11-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                 s                                   a          Z                    a




izfrn'kZ 17 cSd esa lko/kh tek fuos'k ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i
              a                                                                                                                  209

izfrn'kZ 14 okilh@vekU; pSdksa ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i                                                                  211

izfrn'kZ 19 okilh@vekU; pSdksa ds laf{kIr fLFkfr izfrosnu gsrq izk:i                                                             212

izfrn'kZ 20 xSj lek;ksftr vfxze fLFkfr izfrosnu gsrq izk:i                                                                       213

izfrn'kZ 14 'ks"k _.k@nkf;Ro fooj.k gsrq izk:i                                                                                   214

izfrn'kZ 22 iz{ksfir ekfld uxnh izokg fooj.k gsrq izk:i                                                                          214

izfrn'kZ 23 ys[kk ijh{k.kksa gsrq fLFkfr izfrosnu lacf/kr izk:i
                                                     a                                                                           216




                                                                                                                                           -12-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                  s                                   a          Z                    a


ifjp;

1.1     bl eSuqvy dk mn~n';
                         s
bl eSuvy dk izkFkfed mnn~’; e-iz- ds uxjh; fudk;ksa dks foRrh; izc/ku ds fl)karksa ls foLr`r :i ls voxr djkuk
       q                   s                                        a
rFkk blls tqM+h csgrj izfØ;kvksa rFkk i)fr;ksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djus dk gS A bl eSuqvy dk f}rh; iz;kstu uxjh;
iz'kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx rFkk uxjh; fudk;ksa dh {kerk dks fodflr djus dk gS ftlls os bu uhfr;ksa rFkk izfdz;kvksa
dk fdz;kUo;u dj ldsA a

1.2     mi;ksxdrkZvksa dk y{;hr lewg
;g eSuqvy uxjh; fudk;ksa ds mu lHkh deZpkfj;ksa gsrq gS tks foRrh; izc/ku ls tqM+s gS] ftuesa 'kkfey gS%&
                                                                      a

1- ofj"B fu.kZ;drkZ ftuesa ofj"B iz’kklfud vf/kdkjh tSls % vk;qDr@eq[; vf/kdkjh] foHkkx izeq[k] p;fur tu izfrfuf/k
   rFkk egkikSj ifjlj ¼MIC½ lekfgr gksxA a s

2- ys[kk vf/kdkjh] uxjh; fudk; ds vfHk;ark] rFkk os iz’kklfud vf/kdkjh tks uxjh; fudk;ksa ds foRrh; izc/ku lac/kh
                                                                                                       a      a
  dbZ izfØ;kvksa esa 'kkfey jgrs gSA

3- e-iz- 'kklu dk uxjh; iz’kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx ftlds }kjk izkFkfed rkSj ij uxjh; fudk;ksa esa fuxjkuh] i;Zo{k.k
                                                                                                             s
  rFkk foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;kvksa dks lqfo/kktud cuk;k tk,xkA
                 a

1.3     bl eSuqvy dk mi;ksx dSls djs
bl eSuqvy esa foRrh; izc/ku ds dkj.k mRiUu izR;sd fLFkfr gsrq fd;s tkus okys dk;Z ls lacf/kr foLr`r funsZ’k ugha fn,
                        a                                                                 a
x, gSA ;g Hkkjrh; vFkok xSj Hkkjrh; uxjh; fudk;ksa ds ewy fl)karksa uhfr;ksa rFkk izfØ;kvksa dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djrk gS
ftuds vk/kkj ij fu.kZ; fy, tkus pkfg,A

bl eSuqvy dk mn~n’; ,d ekxZn’kZd ds :Ik esa uxjh; fudk;ksa ds deZpkfj;ksa dks foRrh; izc/ku esa tqM+h loksZRre
                        s                                                                      a
izfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa lQyrkiwod le>uk rFkk fudk;ksa esa fØ;kUo;u djus gsrq lqfo/kk iznku djuk gSA
                               Z

1.4     eSuqvy dk <kapk
;g eSuqvy nks Hkkxksa esa lajfpr gS %&
•     foRrh; <kaps dk izc/ku & foRrh; <kaps ds izc/ku gsrq ctV ¼fuekZ.k] fØ;kUo;u] rFkk ewY;kadu½ lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ
                           a                       a
      midj.k gS rFkk lHkh vU; O;OkLFkk,a blds ljsf[kr gSa A bldk lokZf/kd dkjxj rjhds ls izc/ku vYidkfyd vkSj
                                                                                               a
      nh?kZdkfyd foRrh; izc/ku <kapk O;OkLFkk }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA vYidkfyd foRrh; izc/ku eq[;r% uxnh izc/ku]
                             a                                                             a                   a
      izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku rFkk vYidkfyd _.k izc/ku dks lekfgr djrk gS] tcfd nh?kZ&dkfyd foRrh; izc/ku iwth
                         a                             a                                                   a     a
      fuos’k ;kstuk cukuk rFkk nh?kZ dkfyd _.k izc/ku lekfgr djrk gSA
                                                     a
•     izn’kZu lgk;d@leFkZd& ,slh dqN O;oLFkk,a gaS tks foRrh; <kapk izc/ku gsrq lgk;d ds :Ik esa dk;Z djrh gSaA
                                                                          a
      blesa eq[;r% lEiRrh izca/ku] ykxr] [kjhn@vf/kizkfIr] vkarfjd fu;=a.k rFkk foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk O;oLFkk 'kkfey
                                                                                          a
      gSA

                                                                                                                                            -13-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                 s                                   a          Z                    a


bl eSuvy ds v/;k;ksa dks mijksDr lajpuk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA fuEufyf[kr rkfydk eSuvy ds
        q                                                                                              q
v/;k;ksa ds Øe dks iznf’kZr djrh gSA

rkfydk 1 % foRrh; izc/ku eSuvy dk <kapk
                     a      q

la[;k           uke                                                                Js.kh

v/;k; 3         ctV                                                                foRrh; lajpuk dk izc/ku
                                                                                                       a

v/;k; 4         Ikwth lq/kkj ;kstuk@iwthxr ctV
                   a                  a

v/;k; 5         udn izc/ku
                       a

v/;k; 6         izkfIr;ka vkSj Hkqxrku izc/ku
                                          a

v/;k; 7         _.k izc/ku
                       a

v/;k; 8         ifjlEifRr izc/ku
                             a                                                     izn'kZu ds leFkZd

v/;k; 9         O;; izc/kau

v/;k; 10        Ykxr

v/;k; 11        vkarfjd fu;=a.k

v/;k; 12        foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh
                          a

v/;k; 13        foRrh; fo’ys"k.k

v/;k; 14        [kjhn

mijksDr ds vfrfjDr] bl eSuvy ds vUr esa ifjf’k"Bks ds izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] tks foRrh; izc/ku dss dqN {ks=ksa gsrq izi=
                             q                                                          a
iznku djus gSA buesa 'kkfey gS %
             a
•   ifjf’k"V 1 % ctV fu/kkZj.k gsrq izi=
•   ifjf’k"V 2 % vkfLr @lEifRr izc/ku gsrq izi=
                                  a
•   ifjf’k"V 3 % foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk O;oLFkk gsrq izi=
                           a




                                                                                                                                           -14-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                s                                   a          Z                    a




2. foRrh; izc/ku dk ifjp;
             a


foRr dk futh] lkoZtfud] laLFkkxr rFkk lekftd {ks=ksa esa ,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA bu lHkh {ks=ksa esa lQyrk gsrq] ge
lHkh dks foRrh; lalk/kuksa dk izHkkoh rFkk fpjLFkk;h iöfr ls mi;ksx djuk vko’;d gS ftlls Hkfo"; gsrq lalk/kuksa dh
miyC/krk lqfuf’pr gks ldsA blfy,] bu lHkh fu.kZ;drkZvksa dks ;g tkuuk vko’;d gS fd mudh laLFkkvks@laxBuksa
                                                                                                        a
dk foRrh; izc/ku fdl izdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
              a

foRrh; izc/ku ;g iz;kl djrk gS fd fuos’k jkf’k ls fdl izdkj b"Vre mRiknu ÁkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr tSls
           a
ns’k esa tgka lalk/kuksa dh deh gS ,oa foRr iks"k.k dh vR;kf/kd ek¡x gS] mfpr foRrh; izc/ku vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA
                                                                                        a

2.1    foRrh; izc/ku ifjHkkf"kr djuk
                 a
Lkjy 'kCnksa es]a fdlh m|ksx ¼laxBu@laLFkk] lkoZtfud laLFkk vkfn½ ds foRrh; izc/ku dk vFkZ foRrh; izc/ku ¼lalk/ku
                                                                               a                     a
rFkk mi;ksx nksuks½ gsrq lekfiZr lHkh iz;klksa ls gSA bldk rkRi;Z ,d O;olk;@laxBu ds foRrh; izc/ku ls gS ftlls
                    a                                                                            a
mlds foRrh; y{; gkfly fd;s tk ldsaA O;olk; dks ,d lkekU; lajpuk ekurs gq,] foRrh; izc/ku ds izeq[k mn~n’;
                                                                                             a                s
fuEukuqlkj gaS%
•     O;olk; gsrq iwth dk l`Tku
                    a
•     uxnh mRiUu djuk] ,oa
•     fd;s x;s fuos'k ij izkfIr Ánku djrk gS] ;g /;ku esa j[krs gq, fd O;olk; fdl izdkj dk tksf[ke mBk jgk gS
      rFkk fdrus lalk/kuksa dk fuos'k gqvk gSA

;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ijaijkxr :Ik ls] foRrh; izc/ku ds ewyHkwr mn~n’; rjy lEifRr dk j[kj[kko ,oa laxBu ds
                                                  a                  s
ykHk dks vf/kdre djus ds FksA ijUrq vc blesa ,d ifjorZu vk;k gSA orZeku es]a foRrh; izc/ku dk ije mn~n’; iwTkh
                                                                                       a              s    a
c<+kus dk gSA

iath c<+kus dk ;g mn~n’; turk@lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa ds foRrh; izc/ku gsrq Hkh lgh lkfcr gksrk gSA lkoZtfud
  w                      s                                           a
laLFkk,a vFkok vU; 'kkldh; laxBu iwth c<+kus gsrq ekStn gS u dh ykHk c<+kus gsrqA lekt vFkok vketu ds thou
                                     a                w
Lrj esa lq/kj ykus gsrq] ljdkj dks iwth c<+kus dh vko’;drk gS ,oa rnqijkar mRiUu jkf’k ds leku forj.k dks
                                       a
lqfuf’pr djus dh vko’;drk gS A blfy,] lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa ls U;k;laxr vkoaVu vkSj lalk/kuks ds mi;ksx }kjk
iath c<+kus ds mn~n’; dks izkIr djuk visf{kr gSA bl mn~n’; dh izkfIr gsrq] lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa dks vius foRrh;
  w                s                                        s
dk;ksZa dks vko’;d :i ls vk/kqfud foRrh; izc/ku ds rjhdksa ls lapkfyr djuk gksxk] pwfd foRrh; izc/aku ds fl)kar esa
                                            a                                       a
iwth c<+kuk vko’;d gSA
  a

2.2    uxjh; fudk;ksa esa foRrh; izc/aku dh vko’;drk
foxr nks n'kdksa es]a Hkkjr us rsth ls gks jgs 'kgjhdj.k dk lkeuk fd;k gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i vf/kdka’k 'kgjh clkgVksa
esa cqfu;knh lsokvksa tSls vkokl] ty iznk;] lhojst] 'kgjh ;krk;kr O;oLFkk vkfn dh deh eglwl dh tk jgh gSA


                                                                                                                                          -15-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                  s                                   a          Z                    a


cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa esa deh ds vfrfjDr uxjh; laLFkkvksa dh vlarks"ktud dk;Ziz.kkyh us fLFkfr dks vkSj vf/kd xaHkhj
cuk fn;k gSA

mijksDr ,oa vU; c<+rh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds mís'; ls] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fo'ks"k ;kstuk tSls tokgj yky usg:
jk"Vªh; 'kgjh uouhdj.k fe'ku dk vkajHk fd;k x;k gS] ftldk y{; uxjh; fudk;ksa dks c<+rh pqukSfr;k ls lkeuk djus
gsrq 'kgjh lq/kkj dk;ZØeksa }kjk l{ke cukuk gSA bu ;kstukvksa }kjk gksus okys jkf'k ds izokg ds dkj.k ;g visf{kr gS fd
uxjh; fudk;ksa ds ctV esa o`f) gksxh] blfy;s ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd uxjh; fudk;ksa esa etcwr foRrh; izc/ku O;oLFkk gks
                                                                                                        a
,oa lgh dk;Z iz.kkyh gks ftlls lqfuf'pr gks fd ;g yksd fuf/k dk {kerkiw.kZ rFkk ikjnf'kZrkiw.kZ mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk
gSA

bl dkj.k uxjh; fudk;ksa esa etcwr foRrh; izc/ku O;oLFkk dh vko';drk gksxh ftlls ;g lqfuf'pr gks fd jkf'k dk
                                               a
dq'kyrkiwoZd izc/ku ,oa {kerkiw.kZ mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
                a

2.3    foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k,a
                 a
lai.kZ foRrh; izc/ku dh izfØ;k dks rhu dks.kksa ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS%
   w             a
•     foRrh; <kaps dk l`tu
•     foRrh; <kaps dk izc/ku
                         a
•     izn’kZu lgk;d@leFkZd

foRrh; <kaps dk l`tu ewy :Ik ls rhu igyqvksa ls lacf/kr gS% foRrh; uhfr;ka] foRrh; fo’ys"k.k rFkk foRrh; fu;kstuA
                                                   a
fdlh Hkh uxjh; fudk; ds foRrh; <kaps gsrq ;s rhu igyq eq[; gSA

foRrh; <kaps ds l`tu ds i'pkr] f}rh; lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ igyq bl <kaps dk izc/ku gSA ctV ¼rS;kj djuk] fØ;kUo;u
                                                                                 a     a
,oa ewY;kadu½ foRrh; <kaps ds izc/ku gsrq lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ midj.k gS rFkk vU; lHkh O;oLFkk,a blds laj[k.k esa gSA
                                   a                                                                     s
vYi&vof/k foRrh; izc/ku esa eq[;r% udnh izc/ku] izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku rFkk vYi vof/k _.k izc/ku lekfgr gksrk
                       a                         a                    a                            a
gSA nh?kZ vof/k foRrh; izc/ku esa iwthxr fuos'k ;kstuk dks rS;kj djuk rFkk nh?kZ vof/k _.k izc/ku lekfgr jgrk gSA
                          a          a                                                        a

blds vfrfjDr dqN ,slh O;oLFkk,a Hkh gS tks foRrh; :ijs[kk ds izc/ku ds izn'kZu esa lgk;r ds :i esa dk;Z djrs gSA
                                                                    a
buesa vkfLr izc/ku] ykxr fu/kkZj.k] [kjhn@vf/kizkfIr vkarfjd fu;a=.k rFkk foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh 'kkfey gSA
               a                                                                    a

fuEukuqlkj izfrn'kZ foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k dks izLrqr djrk gSA
                              a




                                                                                                                                            -16-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                                 s                                   a          Z                    a




izfrn'kZ 1 foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k
                     a




                                                                   leFkZd izn'kZu
                                                              Enabling Performance

                              Creating<kaps dk l`tu
                               foRrh; Financial                             foRrh; <kaps dk izc/ku
                                                                                               a
                                                                        Managing Financial Framework
                              Framework

                                                      vYi vof/k foRrh;
                                                      Short term financial
                                                      management
                                                      izc/ku
                                                         a                                                           BUDGETING
    Financial Management
    Financial Management




                              foRrh; uhfr;ka                                                                                ctV
     Information System




                              Financial Policies      •Cash Management




                                                                                                                                                      Internal Control
        foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk




                                                       • udnh izca/ku




                                                                                                                                                       vkUrfjd fu;q=.k
                                                      •Receivables and




                                                                                                                                                                    a
                                                      payablesrFkk ns;d izc/ku
                                                       • izkfIr;k managementa                                    Operating ctV
                                                                                                                   lapkyu Budget
 O;oLFkk




                              foRrh; fo'ys"k.k         • vYi term _.k izc/ku
                                                      •Short   vof/k debt a
                              Financial Analysis
                  a




                                                      management                                                              +
                                                      nh?kZ     vof/k      foRrh;                                             +
                                                      Long term financial
                                                      izc/ku
                                                         a
                                                      management
                                                                                                                      iwthxr ctV
                                                                                                                        a
                              foRrh; fu;kstu
                              Financial Planning      •Capital Improvement
                                                      • iwthxr lq/kkj ;kstuk
                                                          a                                                        Capital Budget
                                                      Plan
                                                      • nh?kZ vof/k _.k izca/ku
                                                      •Long term debt
                                                      management

                                  vkfLr izc/ku
                                           a
                              Asset Management                     Costing                                                Procurement
                                                                        ykxr                                                   vf/kizkfIr




                                                                                                                                                                         -17-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                 s                                   a          Z                    a




3. ctV izfØ;k,a


eSuqvy dk ;g [k.M ctV ls lacf/kr fofHkUu vo/kkj.kkvks]a fl)karksa rFkk rduhdksa dh ppkZ djrk gS rFkk ctV ls
                                    a
lacf/kr uhfr;ks]a ctV fuekZ.k izfØ;kvksa rFkk ctV leh{kk iz.kkyh;ksa dks izLrqr djrk gSA
    a

3.1     vo/kkj.kk,a
Hkkjr ds lHkh uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq ctV ,d oS/kkfud xfrfof/k gSA ;g lhfer lalk/kuksa dks izkFkfedrkvksa ds vk/kkj ij
mi;ksx djus gsrq ;g ,d 'kfDr’kkyh midj.k ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA ,d fuf’pr vof/k ds fy;s foRrh; lalk/kuksa
dk vkoaVu ¼lqfu;ksftr jktLo rFkk O;; feykdj½ djus gsrq ;g LFkkuh; 'kklu dh ;kstuk gSA

,d uxjh; fudk; ds ctV esa vkerkSj ij fuEukuqlkj fcUnq 'kkfey jgrs gSa %&
•     fu;ksftr xfrfof/k;ka] ifj;kstuk,a rFkk lsok,a
•     miyC/k lalk/kuksa vFkok jktLo dk vuqeku( rFkk
•     fu;ksftr xfrfof/k;ksa ds foRriks"k.k gsrq vko';d lkoZtfud O;; dk vuqeku

3.1.1     ifjHkk"kk,a

lapkyu@jktLo ctV % ;g uxjh; fudk;ksa ds fnu&izfrfnu ds lapkyu O;; gsrq ,d ;kstuk gS ,oa ,d fo’ks"k vof/k
gsrq foRriks"k.k dk izLrkfor ek/;e gSA

iwthxr ctV % ;g izLrkfor iwth lq/kkj gsrq ,d ;kstuk gS rFkk mlds foRr iks"k.k gsrq ek/;e gS] tks lkekU;Rk% ,d
  a hxr                        a
cgqof"kZ; iwth lq/kkj dk;ZØe ds izFke o"kZ ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS ,oa ,d lEiw.kZ okf"kZd ctV ds Hkkx ds :i esa vey esa
            a
yk;k tkrk gS] ftlesa lapkyu rFkk iwth ifjO;; 'kkfey gSA
                                     a                    a

vlk/kkj.k ctV% ;g iwthxr ctV dk Hkkx gS] ijUrq blesa izkfIr rFkk ns; ¼uxjh; fudk;ksa dh vk; rFkk O;; NksMdj ½
                      a                                                                                  +
Hkh 'kkfey gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s tek izkfIr rFkk Hkqxrku] fn;k x;k vxzhe rFkk lek;kstu vkfnA
             a

xjhcksa gsrq ctV% ;g ctV xjhcksa dh vko’;drkvksa ds izfr laonu’khy gS vFkok ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g iz;kl
                                                              s
djrk gS fd xjhch mi’keu gsrq ’kgjh xjhcksa dks lalk/kuksa dk ,d fuf’pr izfr’kr miyC/k djk;k tk,A mnkgj.k ds
fy;s] ,d lkekU; izfØ;k es]a ctV ;g izLrqr djus esa v{ke jgrk gS fd og ’kgjh xjhcksa dks lalk/ku miyC/k djkus ds
izfr fdruk laonu’khy gS ,oa ifj.kker% xjhcksa dh fo’ks"k vko’;drkvksa dh mis{kk dh tkrh gSA
                s

fyax vk/kkfjr ctV% ;g ctV fyax ds izfr laonu’khy gS vFkok ;g iz;kl djrk gS fd fdlh fof’k"V fyax dks lalk/kuksa
                                              s
dk ,d fuf’pr izfr’kr miyC/k djk;k tk ldsA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] ,d lkekU; izfØ;k es]a ctV ;g izLrqr djus esa
v{ke jgrk gS fd og fdlh fof’k"V fyax dks lalk/ku miyC/k djkus ds izfr fdruk laonu’khy gS ,oa ifj.kker% xjhcksa
                                                                               s
dh fo’ks"k vko’;drkvksa dh mis{kk dh tkrh gSA



                                                                                                                                           -18-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                   s                                   a          Z                    a


lgHkkxhrk ctV % ;g LFkkuh; ctV izc/ku gsrq oSdfYid izfØ;kvksa dks viukus gsrq bafxr djrk gS rFkk uxj ikfydk ds
                                        a
lkoZtfud lalk/kuksa ds vkoaVu esa tu Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok nsus gsrq yf{kr gSA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ,slh izfØ;k,a O;;
lacf/kr fu.kZ;ksa esa fu;kstu rFkk ikjnf’kZrk ij tksj nsdj lalk/kuksa dh vkoaVu {kerk dks c<+krh gSA nqfu;k Hkj ds
    a                                                                                              a
vf/kdka’k uxjh; fudk;ksa }kjk ,slh izfØ;k,a viuk;h xbZ gS rFkk bl n`f"Vdks.k dh egRork dks oSf’od igpku fey jgh
gSA

3.1.2       ctV ds mn~n’;
                       s

ctV dk fuekZ.k ,d laxBu ds foRrh; lalk/kuksa ds fu;=a.k] izc/ku rFkk fu;kstu dks mn~n’; ekudj fd;k tkrk gSA
                                                            a                        s
izR;sd mn~n’; ds lac/k esa uhps ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
           s        a

1- fu;=a.k

,d fu;a=.k nLrkost ds :i es]a ctV ,d oS/kkfud rFkk uhfrxr lhek ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS ftlds vUrxZr ,d uxjh;
fudk; lapkyu dj ldrh gSA bu lhekvksa ds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr fu/kkZj.k lekfgr gksrk gS%
•   izR;sd uxjh; fudk; }kjk vuqer O;;(
•   iz;kstu ftuds fy, dkuwuh rkSj ij O;; fd;k tk ldrk gS ¼tSls fd osru] j[kj[kko ,oa _.k izHkkj½ rFkk(
•   dj lalk/kuksa rFkk xSj dj & lalk/kuksa dk laxzg.k ¼vFkkZr jktLo dk;Z½

fu;=a.k ,d egRoiw.kZ mn~n’; gS tks uxjh; fudk;ks ds ctV fuekZ.k dh fuxjkuh djrk gS] gkykafd bldh miyC/kh
                          s
cgqr lh O;kofLFkd detksfj;ksa ds dkj.k {kh.k gks tkrh gSA fu;a=.k ds mn~n’;ksa dh izkfIr ds fYk;s] ctV dks izHkkoh ys[kk
                                                                         s
rFkk vad{k.k O;oLFkk ds lg;ksx dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA
        s

2- izc/ku
      a

,d izc/ku ds nLrkost ds leku] ctV ,slk y{; fu/kkZfjr djrk gS tks 'kgjh lsokvksa dh vf/kd l{ke rFkk izHkkoh
          a
vkiwÆr lqfuf’pr djrk gSA ctV dks ,d iw.kZr% izHkkoh izc/ku midj.k cukus gsrq ctV lacf/kr fuos'k L=ksrksa ¼tSls
                                                         a                                 a
veyk rFkk midj.k½ ,oa visf{kr ifj.kkeksa ds e/; ,d Li"V xBtksM+ gksuk vko';d gS] uxjh; fudk;ks ds izn'kZu
mik;ksa ¼tSls oxZehVj esa lM+d dh yEckbZ ftldh ejEer dh tkuk gS vkfn½ esa ifjHkkf"kr gksA ,slk xBtksM foHkkxh;
izeq[kksa dks muds ctV dks vius veys ds izc/ku esa ,d midj.k ds :i esa mi;ksx djus esa l{ke cukrk gSA
                                           a

3- fu;kstu

ctV fuekZ.k uxjh; fudk;ksa dks ,d Áeq[k ;kstuk :ih volj iznku djrk gS tks fudk; ds fodkl rFkk c<+kRrjh dh
                                                                                                        s
vko’;drkvksa dks lhfer foRrh; rFkk ekuo lalk/ku ds foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx }kjk lacksf/kr djuk pkgrk gSA izfro"kZ] ctV
}kjk ,d uxjh; fudk; ds izR;kf{kr jktLo dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk mlds O;; dh ewy ;kstuk dks js[kkafdr
fd;k tkrk gSA




                                                                                                                                             -19-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                 s                                   a          Z                    a


3.1.3   ,d vkn’kZ ctV ds ?kVd

,d uxjh; fudk; ds ctV dks fofHkUu mi;ksxdrkZvksa tSls jktuhfrKks]a iz’kkldks]a uxjh; fudk; izc/kdks]a deZpkfj;ks]a
                                                                                                 a
izfrfuf/k lewg tSls xSj 'kkldh; laxBuks@leqnk; vk/kkfjr laxBuks]a fo'ys"kdksa ,oa turk dh ekaxks dks iw.kZ djuk
                                       a
pkfg;sA ,d ctV dks bu fofHkUu mi;ksxdrkZ lewgksa dh vko';drkvksa dks iw.kZ fd;k tkuk pkfg;s rFkk blds mijkar Hkh
bls vuqi;ksxh] vf/kd cM+k vFkok vLi"V ugha gksuk pkfg;sA

,d vkn’kZ ctV nLrkost dks fuEukuqlkj gksuk pkfg, %&
•   ,d uhfrxr nLrkost % ,d LFkkuh; 'kklu dh lapkyu ;kstuk ds rkSj ij] ctV nLrkost dks uhfr;ksa dks
    izLrkfor] igpku rFkk Li"V djuk pkfg,A 'kkldh; laLFkk }kjk lkekU;r% bUgs o"kZ ds nkSjku viuk;k tkrk gS ,oa
    ctV i= esa laf{kIr fooj.k fn;k tkrk gSA
•   ,d foRrh; ;kstuk % ctV izfØ;k] _.k 'kks/ku {kerk] n{krk rFkk uxjh; fudk; ds lEifRr rFkk lalk/kuksa ds
    mi;ksx rFkk forj.k ls lacf/kr rdZi.kZ fodYiksa dks c<+kok nsus gsrq ,d izkFkfed izfØ;k gSA
                             a        w
•   ,d lapkyu ekxZn’kZd ctV % ctV ,d uxjh; fudk; ds lapkyu gsrq :ijs[kk iznku djrk gSA bls fo’kq) :i
    ls foRrh; vk;keksa ls ijs tkdj laxBu ds fofHkUu fgLlksa ds dk;ksZa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa ds la[;k rFkk Lrj ds lkFk dk;Z
    djuk gksxkA
•   ,d lapkj midj.k % ctV fuokfl;ks]a dj nkrkvksa rFkk ?kVdksa vkfn gsrq ,d dsUnz fcUnq gS rFkk bl dkj.k bls
            kj
    lknk vkSj ljy cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A blfy,] mu yksxksa ds fYk, Tkks 'kkldh; foRr vkfn ls ifjfpr ugha gS] ctV
    dk vFkZ rFkk izHkko le>kus gsrq ljyhd`r O;k[;k] pkVZ] fcUnqj[k cukus dk Ik;kZIr iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg, A
                                                                s
•   lw{e@foosdiw.kZ % ctV dks fgr lewgksa ds lw{e ijh{k.k ds fy, l{ke jguk pkfg,A
•   lexz % ,d ctV dk n`f"Vdks.k lexz gksuk pkfg, rFkk bls dqN {ks=ksa fd mis{kk ;k vU; {ks=ksa dks vf/kd & de
    egRork ugha nsuh pkfg,A

3.1.4       rduhds
        ctV rduhdsa

foxr le; esa fofHkUu mn~n’;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy;s cgqr lh ctV rduhdsa fodflr dh xbZ gSA bu rduhdksa }kjk
                               s                                                           a
fofHkUu ns’kksa esa fofHkUu Lrj ij lQyrk,a izkIr dh xbZ gSA ;|fi buesa ls dqN ctV rduhdsa vf/kd mUur gS] ijUrq
                                                          a
izR;sd ctV rduhd fof'k"V ykHk iznku djrh gS rFkk lkFk gh mldh dqN lhek,a gSA ;g ,d laxBu ij fuHkZj djrk
                                                                                a
gS fd og ,d vFkok vf/kd ctV rduhdksa dk mi;ksx djs tks mldh xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk ctV oxhZdj.k ds vuqlkj
mi;qDr gSA a

3.1.4.1          ykbZu vkbZVe ctV

bl ctVh; i)fr dks o`f)xr ctV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl n`f"Vdks.k ds vUrxZr] ctV dks lwph vUrxZr oLrqvksa ds
izLrkfor O;; vFkok oLrqoxZ ds vk/kkj ij mfPkr fl) fd;k tkrk gSA vk/kkjHkwr ctV dks lkekU;r% Li"Vhd`r ugha
fd;k tkrk gS ,oa flQZ o`f) vkfn dk Li"Vhdj.k gksrk gSA ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd e/;izn’k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa }kjk
                                                                                s
orZeku esa muds ctV dks ykbZu vkbZVe ctV ds vk/kkj ij fodflr fd;k tkrk gSA

ykbZu vkbZVe ctV dk ,d ljyhd`r mnkgj.k uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa izLrqr gSA

                                                                                                                                           -20-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                      s                                   a          Z                    a


rkfydk 2 % uxjh; fudk; gsrq ykbZu vkbZVe ctV dk mnkgj.k

ykbZu vkbZVe                         ¼:i;s a
                          vk/kkj ctV ¼:i;s es½              c<+kRrjh ¼:i;s es½
                                                                s    ¼:i;s a                            ctV vuqjks/k ¼:i; es½
                                                                                                                            a

osru                                              50-000                                 +6]000+                                        56-000

;k=k                                              25-000                               +14]000                                          39-000

midj.k                                            40-000                                 -10]000                                        30-000

dqy                                              1]15]000                              +10-000
                                                                                        10-
                                                                                        10                                           1]25]000

vk/kkj ctV fuEukuqlkj ds lerqY; gS %&
•      orZeku o"kZ dk ctV] lek;kstu lfgr( vFkok
•      orZeku o"kZ dk okLrfod O;;] ftldk lkekU;r% foRrh; o"kZ ds vUr esa vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gS( vFkok
•      fiNys o"kZ dk okLRkfOkd O;;A

vk/kkj ctV] orZeku lsok ctV ¼tks fd orZeku Lrj ij fdlh dk;ZØe dks fujUrj djus gsrq uhfrxr cnyko vFkok u;s
dkuwu dks ykxw fd;s fcuk ,d izR;kf'kr ykxr gksrh gS½ ls fHkUu gksrk gSA xf.kfr; i)fr ls orZeku lsok ctV dks
fuEukuqlkj O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gS %

orZeku lsok ctV = vk/kkj ctV + vifjgk;Z ewY; o`f)
                  vk/kkj

vifjgk;Z vFkok fu/kkZfjr ykxrksa tSls deZpkfj;ksa ij [kpZ vFkok eagxkbZ HkRrk vkfn esa gqbZ c<+r ;g n’kkZrh gS fd leku
Lrj dh lsok,a tks orZeku esa iznk; dh tk jgh gS dks Hkfo"; esa iznk; djus esa ykxr o`f) gksxhA ctV dk;kZy; ds fy;s
;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd oks lacf/kr foHkkxksa dks funsZ’k iznku djs ftlls os fu/kkZfjr ykxr esa c<+r dk vuqeku yxk ldsA
                          a

ctV fodkl@fuekZ.k gsrq 'kklu }kjk dkSu lh i)fr mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gS bl ckr ls vf/kd vUrj ugha iMrk
D;ksfd mldk ctV ykbZu vkbZVe ctV esa LFkkUrfjr gks tkrk gS ¼ctV ds fØ;kUo;u rFkk fu;a=.k gsrq] oLrq oxksZa dks
    a
vkoaVu lfgr½A

ykHk rFkk uqdlku

ykbZu vkbZVe n`f"Vdks.k dk izkFkfed ykHk ;g gS fd ;s ljy gSA gkykafd] bl dk izkFkfed uqdlku ;g gS fd mlds
}kjk vko’;d tkudkjh iznku ugha dh tkrh gSA




                                                                                                                                                -21-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                s                                   a          Z                    a


rkfydk 3 % ykbZu vkbZVe ctV ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku

ykHk                                                     uqdlku

1 ;g jkf’k ds vkoaVu rFkk fu;a=.k dks c<+kus dk ,d 1 ;g flQZ vkxr ls lacf/kr gS rFkk mRikn@ifj.kke ls
                                                                                 a
dkjxj rjhdk gS pwfd ;g ys[kk iz.kkyh ds niZ.k ds :Ik lacf/kr ugha gSA blfy;s] fu.kkZ;dksa dks vius vkoaVu lac/kh
                  a                                      a                                                   a
esa dk;Z djrk gSA                                    fu.kZ;ksa ds ifj.kke dks izkIr djuk eqf’dy jgrk gS rFkk
                                                     ;g tkuuk Hkh eqf’dy jgrk gS fd turk }kjk fn;s tk
                                                     jgs iSlksa ds cnys mls D;k lsok,a nh tk jgh gSA

2 blesa O;kid izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh dh dksbZ vko’;drk 2 orZeku lsok ctV dk fodkl djuk ,d dBhu dk;Z gS
                 a
ugha gS pwfd ctV fuekZ.k esa lsok Lrj] dksbZ ykxr rFkk D;ksfd orZeku lsok Lrj dh tkudkjh miyC/k ugha jgrh
          a                                                 a
dk;ZØe] ifj.kke ls lacf/kr tkudkjh dh vko’;drk fu.kZ;drkZvksa dks ;g tkudkjh ugha jgrh fd muds }kjk
                        a
ugha gksrh gSA                                         fdlh dk;ZØe dks vfrfjDr vkoaVu djus ls D;k ifj.kke
                                                       izkIr gksx%s leku Lrj dh lsok( mPp Lrj dh lsok( fuEu
                                                                a
                                                       Lrj dh lsok

3 o`f)’khy ctV bl rF; ds vuq:i gS fd dbZ dk;ZØe 3 ;g fu.kZ;drkZvksa dks fdlh mn~n’; dh izkfIr gsrq
                                                                                                s
fLFkj gS rFkk o"kZokj buesa ukVdh; ifjorZu ugha gksrk gSA oSdfYid rjhdksa fd dksbZ tkudkjh ugha nsrk ,oa uxjh;
                                                          fudk; dh izkFkfedrkvksa ds ckjs esa cgqr de rF; izLrqr
                                                          djrk gSA

                                                         4 bldk fuekZ.k izR;{k ykxr dk vuqeku dj fd;k tkrk
                                                         gS ,oa bl dkj.k vizR;{k ykxr dh iw.kZr% vuns[kh dh
                                                         tkrh gSA

                                                         5 bldh fo’ks"krk ctV fu;=a.k rduhd ds :Ik esa gS rFkk
                                                         ;g dk;ZØe izc/kdksa dks ifj.kke izkIr djus esa i;kZIr
                                                                         a
                                                         yphykiu iznku ugha djrkA

                                                         6 ykbZu vkbZVe ctV lkekU;r% vkoaVu lac/kh fu.kZ;ksa esa
                                                                                                        a
                                                         ^^,d leku** n`f"Vdks.k viukrs gSA ctV esa vfrfjDr c<+r
                                                                                          a
                                                         vFkok dVkSrh dks lHkh foHkkxksa esa izfr’kr ds vk/kkj ij
                                                         ckaVk tkrk gS ,oa bl izdkj ;g foHkkxksa dh cnyrh
                                                         vko’;drkvksa rFkk izkFkfedrkvksa dks /;ku esa ugha j[krkA

3.1.4.2          dk;ZØe ctV

dk;ZØe ctVh; i)fr fu.kZ;drkZ iz.kkyh ij dsfUnzr jgrh gS( fo’ks"kr% MsVk rFkk fo’ys"k.k lac/kh leL;k ijA
                                                                                          a


                                                                                                                                          -22-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                    s                                   a          Z                    a


bldk izFke iz;kl vkxr rFkk ifj.kkeksa dks rdZi.kZ Øe nsuk gS] ftlesa izkFkfed rkSj ij igpku djus ;ksX; ifj.kkeksa ij
                                                w
tksj fn;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr Oks iz'kklfud izfdz;kvksa ds eq[; mn~n'; gksrs gSA blds mijkar ;g vkxrksa dks Øec) djus
                                                                s          a
gsrq iz;kl djrk gS] vFkkZr~] os 'kkldh; xfrfof/k;ka tks ekuo lalk/ku] lkexzh] fj;y bLVsV bR;knh }kjk l`ftr gksa
ftlls O;kid fodYiksa ds e/; dh rqyuk,a ;FkkFkZi.kZ rFkk vFkZi.kZ gks ldsA
                                                   w          w          a

dk;Zdze ctV] dk;Zdze dh izHkko'khyrk rFkk dk;Zdze ifj.kkeksa dks ek=k ;ksX; i)fr esa ekius dk iz;kl djrk gSA ;g
lHkh xfrfof/k;ksa gsrq Li"V] ek=k ;ksX; rFkk ekiu ;ksX; dk;Zde mn~n';ksa ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA dk;Zdze ctV dks nks Lrjksa
                                                             z     s
ij ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS %

1- i)fr ftlesa ctV dks laxfBr ¼dk;Zdze }kjk½ fd;k x;k gS( ,oa

2- bls U;k;laxr djus dh i)fr ¼dk;Zdze ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij½A

ctV dh ;g izfdz;k xfrfof/k;ksa dks dk;Zdzeksa ¼,d leku mn~n'; okyh xfrfof/k;ka vFkok lsok,a½ esa laxfBr djus gsrq
                                                            s
,d i)fr iznku djrh gS] izR;sd y{; dh izkfIr gsrq fodYiksa dh igpku] izR;sd fodYi gsrq ykxr rFkk ykHk fu/kkZj.k]
rFkk ykHk dks vf/kdre djus gsrq lgh fodYi dk p;u djus gsrq Hkh ,d i)fr iznku djrh gSA pwfd dqy ykxr rFkk
                                                                                             a
izn'kZu Lrj egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa & u dh izR;sd ykbZu vkbZVe dh ykxr & blfy;s ctVh; vkoaVuksa dks dk;Zdze }kjk
ctk; ikjEifjd foHkkxh; ykbZu vkbZVe ds] ^^,d eq'r** iznku fd;k tkrk gSA dk;Zdze ctV dks vkerkSj ij fofHkUu
izdkj ds izn'kZu ekidksa ls tksM+k tkrk gSA

mijksDr O;k[;k ds vk/kkj ij] dk;Zdze ctV dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,a lkeus vkrh gS%
• ;g dk;Zdze dh lEiw.kZ ykxr dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] ¼dk;Z djus okys laxBukRed bZdkbZ;ksa dh la[;k ij /;ku fn;s
fcuk½A
•   ;g ,d lsok vFkok dk;Zdze ds okLrfod ifj.kkeksa dks ekius dk iz;kl djrk gSA
•   ;g foHkkxksa dh vis{kk ^^dk;Zdze rRoks** dks vk/kkjHkwr ctVh; oxhZdj.k ;kstuk ds :i esa mi;ksx djrk gSA
                                          a
•   ;g oSdfYid lsok vkiwfrZ fodYiksa ij /;ku fn;s tkus gsrq lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA

dk;Zdze ctV rHkh laHko gS tc mik; eki ;ksX; rFkk fof'k"V gksA ,sls mik; ftuesa ^^lq/kkj** ^^lqn`<+hdj.k** rFkk
                                                                        a
^^leUo;** tSls 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS mudk ekiu vlaHko gksrk gS rFkk os vR;kf/kd lkekU; gksrs gSA bu dfe;ksa ds
                                                                                                       a
dkj.k] ;s laLFkkvksa vFkok izc/kdksa dks ifj.kkeksa gsrq mRrjnk;h cukus dk dksbZ L=ksr iznku ugha djrs gSA tPpk&cPpk
                              a                                                                          a
LokLF; dk;Zdze ls lacf/kr fuEufyf[kr 3 laHkkfor dk;Zdze mik;ksa ij /;ku nsa %
                        a

3- mik; v % f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj ykrk gS

4- mik; c % f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa 20 izfr'kr rd lq/kkj ykrk gS

5- mik; l % 3 o"kksZa esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj esa 10 izfr'kr rd deh ykrk gS

mik; v mi;ksxh ugha gS D;ksfd ;g ek=k ds :i esa ifjekf.kr ugha fd;k tk ldrk rFkk blfy;s ekiu ;ksX; ugha gSA
                               a
mik; c ifjekkf.kr fd;k tk ldrk gS ijUrq ;g Li"V ugha gS fd ^^f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj ykrk gS**] okD; ls D;k
rkRi;Z gSA f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj dks fdl izdkj ukik tk ldrk gS( mik; l lokZf/kd mi;qDr gS D;ksfd ;ga

                                                                                                                                              -23-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                                    s                                   a          Z                    a


ifjekf.kr fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk Li"V gS] blfy;s] mik; l es]a ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk laHko gS fd D;k dk;Zdze }kjk
okafNr ifj.kke izkIr fd;s x;sa gSa vFkok og bls izkIr djus esa vlQy gqvk gSA

uewuk dk;Zdze ekid

fuEufyf[kr dk;ZØe ekidksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS(

1-      yksd fuekZ.k

        v-        cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa ds mi;ksxh thoudkYk esa o`f)( vkSj

        c-        ljdkj ds midj.kksa dh vkSlr [kjkc gksus dh vof/k esa deh

2-      LokLF; lsok,a

        v-        f’k’kq e`R;q nj esa deh(

        c-        dqiks"k.k ds f’kdkj ds :i esa oxhZd`r cPpksa ds izfr’kr esa deh(

        l-        nar jksxksa esa deh( vkSj

        n-        vkcknh dh vkSlr vk;q esa c<+kRrjh
                                               s

3-      lkoZtfud lqj{kk

        v-        vkx ls cpkbZ xbZ bekjrksa dh la[;k(

        c         vijk/k nj esa deh( vkSj

        l-        ;krk;kr ls tqMs e`R;q nj esa deh]

4-      vad{k.k
           s

        v-        vad{k.k ds ifj.kke Lo:i jkf’k cpr( vkSj
                     s

        c-        vad{k.k esa lQyrkiwod lacksf/kr fd;s x;s ifj.kkeksa dh la[;k
                     s                Z

5-      dj vkSj jktLo

        v-        Bhd ls lalkf/kr VSDl fjVuZ dh la[;k( vkSj

        c-        dj vuqikyu dk;ZØeksa ls vfrfjDr jktLo




                                                                                                                                              -24-
e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy
                                                              s                                   a          Z                    a


ykHk rFkk uqdlku

rkfydk
rkfydk 4 % dk;ZØe ctVh; i)fr ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku

ykHk                                                   uqdlku

1- ;g lalk/kuksa dk rkfdZd vkoaVu djrk gS rFkk fo'ks"k 1- dk;Zdze ifj.kkeksa vFkok dk;Zdze izHkko'khyrk dks
:i ls fdlh mn~n'; dh izkfIr gsrq oSdfyid jkLrksa ds ifjekf.kr djuk LokHkkfod :i ls dfBu gksrk gSA ;fn
                      s
lac/k esa fu.kZ; ysus gsrq mi;ksxh gksrk gSA
   a                                                   ifj.kke rFkk @ vFkok dk;Zde ifj.kkeksa dk ekiu fd;k
                                                                                        z
                                                       Hkh tk lds rks ;g laHko ugha gksxk fd tks ifj.kke izkIr
                                                       gq;s gSa os dk;Zdze ds dkj.k gSa vFkok vU; fdlh dkjd ds
                                                       dkj.kA

2- ;g dk;Zdzeksa dks vkoafVr dqy lalk/kuksa ds lac/k esa 2- dk;Zdze ctV] foHkkxksa dks mRrjnkf;Ro nsdj] O;;
                                                  a
tkudkjh iznku djrk gS ¼vU; ctVh; rduhdksa esa fu;a=.k dh vko';drk dh mis{kk dj ldrk gS
tkudkjh miyC/k ugha gksrh½

                                                       3- dk;Zdze dh izHkko'khyrk dks ekius dk iz;kl djus esa
                                                       yxus okyh ykxr tkudkfj;ksa dh mi;ksfxrk rFkk Qk;nksa
                                                       dks njfdukj dj ldrk gSA

                                                       4- dk;Zdzeksa dks vkoafVr lalk/kuksa ds lac/k esa tkudkfj;ksa
                                                                                                  a
                                                       dks flQZ dk;Zdze {ks=ksa ds vuqlkj 'kkldh; foHkkxksa dk
                                                       iquZxBu dj izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks cgqr vf/kd
                                                       le; ysus okyh izfdz;k gS rFkk ges'kk lkFkZd ugha gksxhA

                                                       5- dk;Zdze ctV dks izHkkoh :i ls ykxw djus ds fy;s]
                                                       ctV lacf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls izf'kf{kr fd;k
                                                                 a
                                                       tkuk pkfg;s rFkk dk;Zdze vad{k.k djus gsrq Hkh le;
                                                                                        s
                                                       gksuk pkfg;s] tks dh egaxk dk;Z gS rFkk uxjh; fudk; bls
                                                       ogu djus esa l{ke ugha gksxA
                                                                                  a sa




3.1.4.3            'kwU; vk/kkfjr ctV

ihVj ,- ik;gj us VsDlkl bULVª:esaVl esa lu 1969 esa fu;kstu] ctV rFkk fu;a=.k ds midj.k ds :i esa 'kwU;
vk/kkfjr ctV dh vo/kkj.kk dks fn'kk nhA ctV dh bl O;oLFkk es]a laLFkk,a viuk ctV rS;kj djrs le; foxr o"kksZa
esa fdlh xfrfof/k gsrq gq;s ctV vkoaVu ij fopkj ugha djrh rFkk ctV dks 'kwU; vkoaVu ls izkjaHk djrh gSA bl
                                                                                                      a
rduhd ds vUrxZr ctV dks 'kwU; ls izkjaHk fd;k tkrk gS ctk; ml izfdz;k ds ftlds vUrxZr ekStnk ctV dks vk/kkj
                                                                                          w

                                                                                                                                        -25-
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi
Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi

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Financial Management Manual for ULBs of M.P.- Hindi

  • 1. uxjh; LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds fy, foRrh; izca/ku eSU;qvy e/;izns’k 'kklu uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl ^^izkstsDV mRFkku** e/;izns'k xjhcksUeq[k 'kgjh lsok dk;ZØe
  • 2. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a izLrkouk%& izn'k esa 'kgjhdj.k rhoz xfr ls gks jgk gS ,oa izn'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk cgqr c<k fgLlk 'kgjh s s {ks=ksa ls izkIr gksrk gSA 'kgjkas ds rhozrj xfr ls gksrs fodkl ds dkj.k 'kgjh lq'kklu ,oa fodkl dsUnz ,oa jkT; 'kklu dh izkFkfedrkvksa esa izeq[k :i ls lfEefyr fd;k tkdj bl ij vf/kdkf/kd /;ku iwjs ns'k esa fn;k tk jgk gSA ifj.kker% 'kgjh fodkl ds fy;s LFkkuh; uxjh; fudk; egRroiw.kZ ,tsalh gS ,oa budh egRrk dks le>rs gq, oS/kkfud 'kfDr;ksa ,oa Lok;Rrk] foRrh; la'kk/ku] rduhdh lgk;rk ,oa {kerko/kZu tSls dk;Z ts,u,u;wvkj,e ,oa vU; 'kklu izk;ksftr ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls fd;s tk jgs gSA uxjh; iz'kklu esa lq/kkj ,oa 'kgjh fodkl ds y{;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq e/;izns'k jkT; vxz.kh; jgk gS rFkk e/;izn'k xjhcksUeq[k 'kgjh lsok dk;ZØe tSls egRroiw.kZ lq/kkj vk/kkfjr ifj;kstukvksa dk lapkyu dj jgk gSA s e/;izn'k 'kgjh xjhcksUeq[k lsok dk;ZØe tks fd e/;izn'k 'kklu ,oa fczfV'k ljdkj ds varZjk"Vh; fodkl s s foHkkx ¼Mh,QvkbZMh½ ds lg;ksx ls uxjikfyd lq/kkj ,oa lqn`<hdj.k ds dk;Z jkT; ds fofHkUUk fudk;ksa esa fd;s tk jgs gSA e/;izn'k 'kgjh xjhcksUeq[k lsok dk;ZØe dks iznk; foRrh; lgk;rk dk ,d eq[; mn~ns'; LFkkuh; s uxjh; fudk;ksa ds foRrh; izc/ku dks lq/kkjuk gSA bl dk;Z esa fudk;ksa dks vusd dfBukbZ;ka vkrh gS ftl a dkj.k ls os vius la'kk/kuksa ,oa ctV] ykxr] O;; izca/ku] visf{kr izkfIr;ksa dk izc/ku] udn izca/ku ,oa foRrh; a izc/ku ls tqMs fo"k;ksa dk foosdlEer ,oa mi;qDr izc/ku ugh dj ikrs gSA a a e/;izn'k 'kklu dk ;g iz;kl gS fd bl fn'kk esa fudk;ksa dks rduhdh ,oa foK ekxZn'kZu iznku fd;k s tk;sA foRrh; izca/ku ij vkn'kZ O;ogkj gsrq ;g esU;qvy e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa dh xBukbZ;ksa dks /;ku esa s j[krs gq, uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx e/;izn'k 'kklu }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k gSA ;g iz;kl laHkor% s iwjs ns'k Hkj esa igyk iz;kl gSA bl esU;qvy dh lgk;rk ls u dsoy e/;izn'k jkT; esa fudk;ksa dks csgrj s foRrh; izca/ku ds y{;ksa dks izkIr fd;k tk ldsxk oju~ ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa ds fy;s Hkh ;g esU;qvy mi;ksxh lanHkZ lkexzh fl) gksxhA bl esU;qvy ds ek/;e ls fudk;ksa esa csgrj foRrh; izca/ku dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, mnkgj.k lfgr le>kus ds vfrfjDr foRrh; izc/ku ds O;ogkfjd igywvksa ij lS)kafrd tkudkjh Hkh ljy Hkk"kk esa izLrqr dh a xbZ gS ftlesa mi;ksx vkus okys lk/ku@rduhd tSls foRrh; fo'ys"k.k] izpkyu ctV] iw¡thxr ctV] udn] izkfIr;k¡] vnk;xh ;ksX; Hkqxrku] ,oa _.k izc/ku] ifjlEifRr izca/ku] foRrh; lwpuk iz.kkyh] vkarfjd fu;a=.k a vkfn dks le>k;k x;k gSA ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd e/;izn'k ds fudk; bl esU;qvy esa of.kZr vkn'kZ foRrh; izc/ku O;ogkj dks s a viuk,axs ,oa blls fudk; dh foRrh; fLFkfr dks lq/kkjus esa egRroiw.kZ ;ksxnku ns ldsxA ;g Hkh vis{kk fd a s tkrh gS dh bl esU;qvy esa tehuha okLrfodrkvksa ,oa vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij vksj lq/kkj djus gsrq lq>ko izkIr gksaxA s eSa vk'kk djrk gwa fd ;g esU;qvy uxjh; fudk;ksa dks foRrh; n`f"Vdks.k ls lqn`< ,oa fVdkÅ cukus esa fuf'pr gh lgk;d gksxkA vk;qDr uxjh; iz’kklu ,oa fodkl Hkksiky fnukad % 08@11@2011 -2-
  • 3. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a vuqØef.kdk%& ef.kdk%& e/;izn’k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksZRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy rS;kj djuk s a a uxjh; iz’kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx 1 1- ifjp; 13 1-1 bl eSuvy dk mn~n'; q s 13 1-2 mi;ksxdrkZvksa dk y{;hr lewg 13 1-3 bl eSuvy dk mi;ksx dSls djs q 13 1-4 eSuqvy dk <kapk 13 2- foRrh; izc/ku dk ifjp; a 15 2-1 foRrh; izc/ku ifjHkkf"kr djuk a 15 2-2 uxjh; fudk;ksa esa foRrh; izc/aku dh vko’;drk 15 2-3 foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k,a a 16 3- ctV izfØ;k,a 18 3-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 18 3.1.1 ifjHkk"kk,a 18 3.1.2 ctV ds mn~n’; s 19 3.1.3 ,d vkn’kZ ctV ds ?kVd 20 3.1.4 ctV rduhdsa 20 3-2 ctV dh vPNh izfØ;k,a 33 3.2.1 ctV rS;kj djuk 33 3.2.2 iwthxr ctV a 34 3.2.3 ctVh; rduhdsa 34 -3-
  • 4. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 3.2.4 ctV dk fu;a=.k@fØ;kUo;u@iz'kklu 34 3.2.5 ctV dh fuxjkuh rFkk ewY;kadu 35 3-3 viuk;s tkus gsrq vuq'kaflr uhfr;ka 36 3.3.1 vko`fRr ,oa le; lkj.kh 36 3.3.2 rS;kjh dk vk/kkj 36 3.3.3 jktLo vuqekuksa esa vuqnkjrk 37 3.3.4 foRrh; fu;a=.k 37 3.3.5 izLrqrhdj.k rFkk izi=@izk:i 37 3.3.6 ctV dk vafre 'ks"k 39 3.3.7 leh{kk rFkk iqujh{k.k 39 3.3.8 vU; uhfr;ka 39 3-4 izfØ;k,a 39 3.4.1 pj.k 1 & ctV uhfr;ksa rFkk midj.kksa dk fodkl 40 3.4.2 pj.k 2 & ctVh; rduhdksa ds vuqi;ksx z 41 3.4.3 pj.k 3 jktLo ctV izkDdyuksa dks rS;kj@fuEkkZ.k djuk 44 3.4.4 pj.k 4 iwthxr ctV izkDdyuksa dks rS;kj djuk@fuekZ.k djuk a 48 3.4.5 pj.k 5 & vk;qDr@eq[; uxj ikfydk vf/kdkjh }kjk ctV leh{kk 51 3.4.6 pj.k 6 vuq'kalk,a rFkk Lohd`fr 51 3-5 izdj.k v/;;u % oMksnjk uxj fuxe esa ctVh; lq/kkj 52 3.5.1 lq/kkjksa ds iwoZ ctVh; O;oLFkk 52 3.5.2 oMksnjk uxj fuxe ds ctV iz.kkyh dh ize[k dfe;ka q 53 3.5.3 oMksnjk uxj fuxe esa ctVh; lq/kkj dk;Z 55 3.5.4 ifj.kke@miyfC/;ka 56 4- iwth lq/kkj dk;ZØe rFkk iwth ctV a a 58 4-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 58 4.1.1 iwth lq/kkj@fuos'k ;kstuk a 58 4.1.2 iwth ctV a 58 4.1.3 iwth fuos'k ifj;kstukvksa dk lapkyu ctV ls i`FkDddj.k a 58 4.1.4 jktLo rFkk iwth ds :i esa O;; dk oxhZdj.k a 58 4-2 iwth fuos'k dk;ZØe dh mRre izfØ;k,a a 59 4-3 viukus gsrq vuq'kaflr uhfr;ka 59 4.3.1 iwth fuos'k ;kstuk dks rS;kj fd;k tkuk a 59 4.3.2 foRrh; nwjnf'kZrk 59 4.3.3 lhvkbZih ls iwth ctV dk vuqikr a 60 4-4 izfØ;k,a 60 4.4.1 lhvkbZih ¼lhvkbZih½ fodflr djus gsrq vko';d 'krsZ vFkok lkeF;Zdkjh O;oLFkk 60 4.4.2 pj.k 1 % n`f"Vdks.k] fe'ku] y{; ] mn~n'; rFkk j.kuhfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djuk s 61 4.4.3 pj.k 2 uhfr;ksa dk xBu 63 4.4.4 pj.k 3 % orZeku vkfLr;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k 64 4.4.5 pj.k 4 % lq/kkj gsrq {ks=ksa dh igpku 65 4.4.6 pj.k 5 % foRrh; {kerk dk fo'ys"k.k 66 69 -4-
  • 5. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 4.4.7 dne 6 izkajfHkd iwth fuos'k ;kstuk a 71 4.4.8 pj.k 7 % foRrh; rFkk lapkyu ;kstuk rS;kj djuk 74 4.4.9 pj.k 8 ewY;kadu ;ksX; foRrh; fodYi 75 4.4.10 pj.k 9 vfUre iwth fuos'k ;kstuk a 4-5 izdj.k v/;;u % iq.ks uxj fuxe dh iwth fuos'k ;kstuk a 75 4.5.1 mn~n';] fotu] fe'ku] y{; vkfn ifjHkkf"kr djuk s 75 4.5.2 ekStnk vkfLr;ksa dk vkadyu w 75 4.5.3 lq/kkj gsrq {ks=ksa dh igpku 75 4.5.4 iq.ks uxj fuxe dh fuos'k {kerk dk vkadyu rFkk foRrh; lapkyu ;kstuk rS;kj djuk 76 4.5.5 iwth fuos'k ;kstuk dk izk:i tSlk iq.ks uxj fuxe }kjk viuk;k x;k% a 78 5- udnh izc/ku a 82 5-1 vo/kkj.kk 82 5.1.1 udnh izokg iz{ksi.k 83 5-2 uxnh izc/ku dh vPNh izfØ;k,W a 83 5.2.1 jksdM+ cgh 83 5.2.2 fuos'kksa dk izca/ku 84 5.2.3 uxnh izokg iz{ksi.k 84 5.2.4 cdk;k jkf'k dh olwyh 84 5-3 uhfr;kW 85 5.3.1 uxnh 'ks"k 85 5.3.2 vfrfjDr uxnh dk fuos'k 85 5.3.3 fuos'k xfrfof/k ij izfrosnu 85 5.3.4 vuqikyu 85 5.3.5 foRrh; vkfLr;ksa dh lqj{kk 85 5.3.6 HkkSfrd jksdM+ cgh [kkrksa dk feyku 86 5-4 izfØ;k,W 86 5.4.1 dk;Z'khy iwth dk izca/ku a 86 5.4.2 udnh izokg iz{ksi.k gsrq izfØ;k 89 5.4.3 udnh izokg ctV iwokZuqeku rduhdksa dk vuqi;ksx z 93 6- izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku a 98 6-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 98 6.1.1 ys[kk izkfIr;ka 98 6.1.2 ys[kk ns; 98 6-2 izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku dh mRre izfØ;k,a a 98 6-3 uhfr;ka 99 6.3.1 mPp laxg njksa dks dk;e j[kuk z 99 6.3.2 vf/kd cdk;k Hkqxrkuksa dh yxkrkj tkap 99 -5-
  • 6. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 6.3.3 dj@'kqYdksa ij NwV 99 6.3.4 ekax dh lwpuk 100 6.3.5 n.M C;kt 100 6.3.6 okjaV tkjh djuk 100 6.3.7 lEifRr dj ls lacf/kr Mwcr _.k dk viys[ku a 100 6-4 izfØ;k,a 100 6.4.1 pj.k 1 % vkUrfjd fu;a=.k dk lqn<+ fodkl ` 100 6.4.2 pj.k 2 % uxnh laxg.k esa o`f) gsrq midj.kksa dk vao"k.k] fo'ys"k.k rFkk fØ;kUo;u z s 100 6.4.3 pj.k 3 % laforj.k gsrq midj.kksa dk fodkl 103 6.4.4 dne 4 % laxg rFkk laforj.k dh fuxjkuh z 105 6.4.5 dne 5 % vf/k'ks"k jkf'k dk fuos'k 106 7- _.k izc/ku a 107 7-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 107 7.1.1 ykHk 107 7-2 _.k izc/ku dh mRre izfØ;k,a a 108 7-3 uhfr;ka 108 7.3.1 vYidkfyd m/kkj 108 7.3.2 foRrh; nwjnf'kZrk 108 7.3.3 _.k vf/kizkfIr 109 7.3.4 dkuwuh izko/kku 109 7-4 izfØ;k,a 110 7.4.1 pj.k 1 % uxjh; fudk; dh _.k ysus dh {kerk 110 7.4.2 pj.k 2 % _.k dh vof/k dk fu/kkZj.k ¼vYi vof/k@nh?kZ vof/k½ 111 7.4.3 dne 3 % _.k dh pqdkSrh 117 7-5 izdj.k v/;;u % oMkSnjk uxj fuxe dh _.k izc/ku j.kuhfr a 117 8- vkfLr izc/ku a 118 8-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 118 8-2 vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk dh vko';drk a 118 8.2.1 vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk gsrq fØ;k,a a 118 8.2.2 vkfLr izc/ku gsrq vko';d 'krsZa a 119 8.2.3 vkfLr izc/ku dh mRre izfØ;k,a a 120 8-3 uhfr;ka 121 8.3.1 vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk a 121 8.3.2 vkfLr;ksa dk foØ; 121 8-4 izfØ;k,a 121 8.4.1 dk;Z 1% vfLr izc/ku ;kstuk rS;kj djuk a 121 8.4.2 dk;Z 2 % vkfLr izca/ku ;kstuk rFkk ctV ls izkIr ifj.kke 125 -6-
  • 7. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 9- O;; izc/ku a 127 10- ykxr izfØ;k,a 130 10-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 130 10.1.1 ifjHkk"kk,a 130 10.1.2 ykxr fu/kkZj.k] ykxr ys[kkadu rFkk ykxr ys[kkadu ifjHkk"kk 131 10.1.3 ykxr ds izdkj 131 10.1.4 ykxr fu/kkZj.k dk mn~n';s 132 10.1.5 ykxr ys[kkadu ds mn~n'; s 132 10.1.6 ykxr i)fr;ka 132 10.1.7 ykxr fu/kkZj.k % fu.kZ; ysus gsrq midj.k ds :i esa 133 10-2 uhfr;ka 134 10.2.1 ykxr uhfr;ka 134 10.2.2 mi;ksxdrkZ 'kqYd 135 10.2.3 vkfFkZd ykxr olwyh 135 10.2.4 mi;ksxdrkZ 'kqYd dh leh{kk 135 10-3 izfØ;k,a 136 10.3.1 pj.k 1 % ,d uxjh; fudk; esa ykxr oLrq fu/kkZj.k rFkk ykxr dsUnz l`tu 136 10.3.2 pj.k 2 % ykxrksa dk oxhZdj.k rFkk vkoaVu 137 10.3.3 pj.k 3 % HkkSfrd ekin.Mksa dk fu/kkZj.k 139 10.3.4 pj.k 4 % xfrfof/k vk/kkfjr ykxr i= dks cuk;k tkuk 139 10.3.5 pj.k 5 % lhekUr ykxr 141 11- vkUrfjd fu;a=.k 146 11-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 146 11.1.1 vkarfjd fu;a=.k iz.kkyh dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd 146 149 11-2 vkarfjd fu;a=.k dh vPNh izfØ;k,a 11-3 uhfr;ka 150 11.3.1 vkarfjd fu;a=.kksa dk xBu 150 11.3.2 foRrh; ysu nsu dk vfHkys[ku 150 11.3.3 foRrh; vkfLr;ksa rFkk vfHkys[kksa dh lqj{kk 150 11-4 izfØ;k,a 150 11.4.1 pj.k 1 % vkUrfjd fu;a=.k lq/kkjksa ds mn~n';ksa laca/kh oDrO; rS;kj djuk s 151 11.4.2 pj.k 2 % is'ksoj leFkZu@lgk;rk ds lac/k esa fu.kZ; ysuk a 151 11.4.3 pj.k 3 % ekStnk vkarfjd fu;a=.k iz.kkyh dk ewY;kadu w 151 11.4.4 pj.k 4 % ekStnk vkarfjd fu;a=.k O;oLFkk dk izy[ku w s 152 11.4.5 pj.k 5 % uxjh; fudk; }kjk ifjdfYir vU; lq/kkj dk;ksZa dk tk;tk fy;k tk, 153 11.4.6 pj.k 6 % mn~n';ksa ds fooj.k dk iqujh{k.k rFkk ifj"d`rhdj.k s 153 11.4.7 pj.k 7 % vkUrfjd fu;a=.k O;oLFkk & fofHkUu dk;ksZa ds fy;s l`tu fn'kk funs'k Z 153 12- foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh a 160 -7-
  • 8. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 12-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 160 12.1.1 foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh dh vko';drk a 160 12.1.2 izHkkoh ,Q,evkbZ,l gsrq vko';d 'krsZ 160 12.1.3 Lkwpuk vFkZ’kkL= 161 12-2 uhfr;ka 163 12.2.1 foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh izfrosnu a 163 12.2.2 vfrfjDr ctVh; xfrfof/k;ka 163 12-3 izfØ;k,a 163 12.3.1 dne 1 % vko’;d lwpuk gsrq losZ{k.k ‘ 163 12.3.2 dne 2 % ekStnk foRrh; izca/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh dk ewY;kadu ¼FMIS½ w 163 12.3.3 dne 3 % fu.kZ;dkrkZvksa dh vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djus gsrq foRrh; izc/aku lwpuk iz.kkyh dk l`tu 164 12.3.4 foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh gsrq izk:i ¼FMIS½ a 164 13- foRrh; fo’ys"k.k 166 13-1 vo/kkj.kk,a 166 13.1.1 czd&bZou fo’ys"k.k s 166 13.1.2 foRrh; vuqikr 169 13-2 foRrh; fo'ys"k.k dh mRre izfØ;k,a 187 13-3 uhfr;ka 187 13-4 izfØ;k,a 187 13.4.1 pj.k ,d % egRoiw.kZ ladsrdksa dk p;u rFkk fodkl 187 13.4.2 pj.k nks % MsVk@tkudkjh ,d=hr dj.k ,oa ladsrdksa dh x.kuk 188 13.4.3 pj.k rhu % ladsrdksa dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk O;k[;k 188 13.4.4 pj.k pkj % ifj.kkeksa dk izLrqrhdj.k 189 13.4.5 milagkj 189 14- vf/kizkfIr 191 ifjf'k"V 1 % ctV gsrq izk:i@izi= 193 ifjf'k"V 2% vkfLr izc/ku gsrq izi= a 203 ifjf'k"V 3% foRrh; lwpuk izc/ku iz.kkyh gsrq izk:i a 205 ifj'kf"V 4% Vhvksvkj lwph 217 ifj'kf"V 5% }kjdk uxj fuxe dh foRrh; Tkkudkjh 224 -8-
  • 9. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a rkfydk vuqØe rkfydk 1 % foRrh; izc/ku eSuqvy dk <kapk a 14 rkfydk 2 % uxjh; fudk; ds fy;s ykbZu vkbZVe ctV dk mnkgj.k 21 rkfydk 3 % ykbZu vkbZVe ctV ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku 22 rkfydk 4 % dk;ZØe ctVh; i)fr ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku 25 rkfydk 5 % 'kwU; vk/kkfjr ctV 26 rkfydk 6 'kwU; vk/kkfjr ctVh; i)fr ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku 27 rkfydk 7% izn'kZu ekidksa ds uewus 29 rkfydk 8 % izn'kZu ctV ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku 30 rkfydk 9 % ctV lajpuk ds fy;s MPMAM esas fu/kkZfjr izi= 38 rkfydk 10 % ctVh; vkoaVu ls izLrkfor iwthxr fuos'k dk;ksZa dks tksMus rFkk lwph c) djus gsrq a + 42 uewuk izi= rkfydk 11 foRrh; fLFkfr ,d utj esa 68 rkfydk 12 iz{ksi.kksa gsrq mi;ksx dh xbZ egRoiw.kZ /kkj.kk,a 72 rkfydk 13 iz{ksi.k ifjn`'; 73 rkfydk 14 vk/kkj izdj.k iz{ksi.k &foRriks"k.k i)fr 77 rkfydk 15 lq/kkj izdj.k iz{ksi.k &foRriks"k.k i)fr 78 rkfydk 16 iq.ks uxj fuxe }kjk rS;kj iwth fuos'k ;kstuk dk izk:i a 79 rkfydk 17 udnh izokg iz{ksi.k gsrq lwpuk ds L=ksr 889 rkfydk 18 izo`fRr fo'ys"k.k gsrq MkVk@tkudkjh ,d= djus ckcr~ izi= ¼jkf'k :i;s yk[k es½ a 94 rkfydk 19 fuos'kksa ds foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx dk mnkgj.k 96 rkfydk 20 nh?kZvof/k foRrh; fodYiksa ds e/; p;Uk gsrq fu.kZ; eSfVZDLk 116 rkfydk 21 ckg~; L=ksrksa }kjk ykxr cpr dk js[kkadu 133 rkfydk 22 ykxr fo"k; gsrq dk;Z rFkk dk;Z lacf/kr dksM & ty vkiwfrZ a 136 rkfydk 23 vizR;{k O;; ds foHkktu dks n'kkZrk mnkgj.k 138 rkfydk 24 ykxr fu/kkZj.k ds fy;s HkkSfrd ekin.M 139 rkfydk 25 ty fuekZ.k foHkkx dh ,d fof'k"V ykxr 'khV 139 -9-
  • 10. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a rkfydk 26 % LVªhV ykbZV lsok gsrq fo|qr 'kqYdksa ls lacf/kr ctV vko';drkvksa dh x.kuk djus a 193 gsrq izi= rkfydk 27 % LVªhV ykbZV lsok ds lapkyu rFkk la/kkj.k gsrq ctV vko';drkvksa dh x.kuk djus 195 gsrq izi= rkfydk 28% ty iznk; lsok gsrq ifEiax dk;ksZa ds fo|qr 'kqYdksa ls lacf/kr ctV vko';drkvksa dh a 196 x.kuk djus gsrq izi= rkfydk 29% lhojst ¼ey&ty fudklh½ lsok gsrq ifEiax dk;ksZa ds fo|qr 'kqYdksa ls lacf/kr ctV a 197 vko';drkvksa dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi= rkfydk 30% okgu rFkk vU; e'khujh gsrq bZ/ku O;; vko';drkvksa gsrq ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq a 197 izi= rkfydk 31 % okguksa gsrq Vk;j [kjhn ds fy;s ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi= 198 rkfydk 32 % ty vkiwfrZ lsok gsrq Dyksfjuhdj.k vko';drk ds fy;s ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq 199 izi= rkfydk 33 ckg~; L=ksr }kjk lapkyu dh n'kk esa Bksl vif'k"V ifjogu ds fy;s ctV dh x.kuk 199 djus gsrq izi= rkfydk 34 : uxjh; fudk; ds Lo;a ds }kjk lapkyu dh n'kk esa Bksl vif'k"V ifjogu ds fy;s 200 ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi= rkfydk 35 ckg~; L=ksr }kjk lapkyu dh n'kk esa cjlkrh ty fudklh ukyh@ukyk LoPNrk gsrq 200 ctV dh x.kuk djus gsrq izi= rkfydk 36%vf/kd le; ysus okys dk;ksZa gsrq rFkk muds ctV nkf;Roksa dk izkDdyu djus gsrq ctV 202 lwpuk MsVk@tkudkjh 'khV -10-
  • 11. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a izfrn'kZ rkfydk izfrn'kZ 1 foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k a 17 izfrn'kZ 2 ctV dSyUMj dk uewuk s 40 izfrn'kZ 3 lapkyu rFkk j[k[kko O;; gsrq fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k 45 izfrn'kZ 4 iwthxr dk;ksZa dh igpku rFkk iwthxr ctV dks rS;kj djuk a a 49 izfrn'kZ 5 ctV rS;kj djus dh izfØ;k dh la{ksfidk 50 izfrn'kZ 6 iwthxr fuos'k lacf/kr fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k a a 61 izfrn'kZ 7 jktLo vk; rFkk O;; ds :>ku % iq.ks uxj fuxe 66 izfrn'kZ 8 iwthxr vk; rFkk O;; ds :>ku % iq.ks uxj fuxe a 67 izfrn'kZ 9 iwthxr fuos'k djus gsrq iq.ks uxj fuxe }kjk vuqlj.k dh xbZ izfØ;k a 75 izfrn'kZ 10 udnh izokg dk lac/k a 95 izfrn'kZ 11 vkfLr izc/ku ;kstuk rFkk ctV ds e/; lac/k a a 125 izfrn'kZ 12 vkarfjd fu;a=.k iz.kkyh 147 izfrn'kZ 13 uxjh; fudk;ksa dh lEifRr ls lacf/kr tkudkjh ,d= djus gsrq izk:i a 203 izfrn'kZ 14 ekfld foRrh; fLFkfr gsrq izi= 205 izfrn'kZ 15 ctVh; izkfIr;ksa ds fo:) okLrfod izkfIr;kas ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i 207 izfrn'kZ 16 ctVh; O;; ds fo:) okLrfod O;; izkfIr;ka ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i 208 -11-
  • 12. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a izfrn'kZ 17 cSd esa lko/kh tek fuos'k ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i a 209 izfrn'kZ 14 okilh@vekU; pSdksa ds fooj.k dks n'kkZus gsrq izk:i 211 izfrn'kZ 19 okilh@vekU; pSdksa ds laf{kIr fLFkfr izfrosnu gsrq izk:i 212 izfrn'kZ 20 xSj lek;ksftr vfxze fLFkfr izfrosnu gsrq izk:i 213 izfrn'kZ 14 'ks"k _.k@nkf;Ro fooj.k gsrq izk:i 214 izfrn'kZ 22 iz{ksfir ekfld uxnh izokg fooj.k gsrq izk:i 214 izfrn'kZ 23 ys[kk ijh{k.kksa gsrq fLFkfr izfrosnu lacf/kr izk:i a 216 -12-
  • 13. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a ifjp; 1.1 bl eSuqvy dk mn~n'; s bl eSuvy dk izkFkfed mnn~’; e-iz- ds uxjh; fudk;ksa dks foRrh; izc/ku ds fl)karksa ls foLr`r :i ls voxr djkuk q s a rFkk blls tqM+h csgrj izfØ;kvksa rFkk i)fr;ksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djus dk gS A bl eSuqvy dk f}rh; iz;kstu uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx rFkk uxjh; fudk;ksa dh {kerk dks fodflr djus dk gS ftlls os bu uhfr;ksa rFkk izfdz;kvksa dk fdz;kUo;u dj ldsA a 1.2 mi;ksxdrkZvksa dk y{;hr lewg ;g eSuqvy uxjh; fudk;ksa ds mu lHkh deZpkfj;ksa gsrq gS tks foRrh; izc/ku ls tqM+s gS] ftuesa 'kkfey gS%& a 1- ofj"B fu.kZ;drkZ ftuesa ofj"B iz’kklfud vf/kdkjh tSls % vk;qDr@eq[; vf/kdkjh] foHkkx izeq[k] p;fur tu izfrfuf/k rFkk egkikSj ifjlj ¼MIC½ lekfgr gksxA a s 2- ys[kk vf/kdkjh] uxjh; fudk; ds vfHk;ark] rFkk os iz’kklfud vf/kdkjh tks uxjh; fudk;ksa ds foRrh; izc/ku lac/kh a a dbZ izfØ;kvksa esa 'kkfey jgrs gSA 3- e-iz- 'kklu dk uxjh; iz’kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx ftlds }kjk izkFkfed rkSj ij uxjh; fudk;ksa esa fuxjkuh] i;Zo{k.k s rFkk foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;kvksa dks lqfo/kktud cuk;k tk,xkA a 1.3 bl eSuqvy dk mi;ksx dSls djs bl eSuqvy esa foRrh; izc/ku ds dkj.k mRiUu izR;sd fLFkfr gsrq fd;s tkus okys dk;Z ls lacf/kr foLr`r funsZ’k ugha fn, a a x, gSA ;g Hkkjrh; vFkok xSj Hkkjrh; uxjh; fudk;ksa ds ewy fl)karksa uhfr;ksa rFkk izfØ;kvksa dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djrk gS ftuds vk/kkj ij fu.kZ; fy, tkus pkfg,A bl eSuqvy dk mn~n’; ,d ekxZn’kZd ds :Ik esa uxjh; fudk;ksa ds deZpkfj;ksa dks foRrh; izc/ku esa tqM+h loksZRre s a izfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa lQyrkiwod le>uk rFkk fudk;ksa esa fØ;kUo;u djus gsrq lqfo/kk iznku djuk gSA Z 1.4 eSuqvy dk <kapk ;g eSuqvy nks Hkkxksa esa lajfpr gS %& • foRrh; <kaps dk izc/ku & foRrh; <kaps ds izc/ku gsrq ctV ¼fuekZ.k] fØ;kUo;u] rFkk ewY;kadu½ lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ a a midj.k gS rFkk lHkh vU; O;OkLFkk,a blds ljsf[kr gSa A bldk lokZf/kd dkjxj rjhds ls izc/ku vYidkfyd vkSj a nh?kZdkfyd foRrh; izc/ku <kapk O;OkLFkk }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA vYidkfyd foRrh; izc/ku eq[;r% uxnh izc/ku] a a a izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku rFkk vYidkfyd _.k izc/ku dks lekfgr djrk gS] tcfd nh?kZ&dkfyd foRrh; izc/ku iwth a a a a fuos’k ;kstuk cukuk rFkk nh?kZ dkfyd _.k izc/ku lekfgr djrk gSA a • izn’kZu lgk;d@leFkZd& ,slh dqN O;oLFkk,a gaS tks foRrh; <kapk izc/ku gsrq lgk;d ds :Ik esa dk;Z djrh gSaA a blesa eq[;r% lEiRrh izca/ku] ykxr] [kjhn@vf/kizkfIr] vkarfjd fu;=a.k rFkk foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk O;oLFkk 'kkfey a gSA -13-
  • 14. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a bl eSuvy ds v/;k;ksa dks mijksDr lajpuk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA fuEufyf[kr rkfydk eSuvy ds q q v/;k;ksa ds Øe dks iznf’kZr djrh gSA rkfydk 1 % foRrh; izc/ku eSuvy dk <kapk a q la[;k uke Js.kh v/;k; 3 ctV foRrh; lajpuk dk izc/ku a v/;k; 4 Ikwth lq/kkj ;kstuk@iwthxr ctV a a v/;k; 5 udn izc/ku a v/;k; 6 izkfIr;ka vkSj Hkqxrku izc/ku a v/;k; 7 _.k izc/ku a v/;k; 8 ifjlEifRr izc/ku a izn'kZu ds leFkZd v/;k; 9 O;; izc/kau v/;k; 10 Ykxr v/;k; 11 vkarfjd fu;=a.k v/;k; 12 foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh a v/;k; 13 foRrh; fo’ys"k.k v/;k; 14 [kjhn mijksDr ds vfrfjDr] bl eSuvy ds vUr esa ifjf’k"Bks ds izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] tks foRrh; izc/ku dss dqN {ks=ksa gsrq izi= q a iznku djus gSA buesa 'kkfey gS % a • ifjf’k"V 1 % ctV fu/kkZj.k gsrq izi= • ifjf’k"V 2 % vkfLr @lEifRr izc/ku gsrq izi= a • ifjf’k"V 3 % foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk O;oLFkk gsrq izi= a -14-
  • 15. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 2. foRrh; izc/ku dk ifjp; a foRr dk futh] lkoZtfud] laLFkkxr rFkk lekftd {ks=ksa esa ,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA bu lHkh {ks=ksa esa lQyrk gsrq] ge lHkh dks foRrh; lalk/kuksa dk izHkkoh rFkk fpjLFkk;h iöfr ls mi;ksx djuk vko’;d gS ftlls Hkfo"; gsrq lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk lqfuf’pr gks ldsA blfy,] bu lHkh fu.kZ;drkZvksa dks ;g tkuuk vko’;d gS fd mudh laLFkkvks@laxBuksa a dk foRrh; izc/ku fdl izdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA a foRrh; izc/ku ;g iz;kl djrk gS fd fuos’k jkf’k ls fdl izdkj b"Vre mRiknu ÁkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr tSls a ns’k esa tgka lalk/kuksa dh deh gS ,oa foRr iks"k.k dh vR;kf/kd ek¡x gS] mfpr foRrh; izc/ku vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA a 2.1 foRrh; izc/ku ifjHkkf"kr djuk a Lkjy 'kCnksa es]a fdlh m|ksx ¼laxBu@laLFkk] lkoZtfud laLFkk vkfn½ ds foRrh; izc/ku dk vFkZ foRrh; izc/ku ¼lalk/ku a a rFkk mi;ksx nksuks½ gsrq lekfiZr lHkh iz;klksa ls gSA bldk rkRi;Z ,d O;olk;@laxBu ds foRrh; izc/ku ls gS ftlls a a mlds foRrh; y{; gkfly fd;s tk ldsaA O;olk; dks ,d lkekU; lajpuk ekurs gq,] foRrh; izc/ku ds izeq[k mn~n’; a s fuEukuqlkj gaS% • O;olk; gsrq iwth dk l`Tku a • uxnh mRiUu djuk] ,oa • fd;s x;s fuos'k ij izkfIr Ánku djrk gS] ;g /;ku esa j[krs gq, fd O;olk; fdl izdkj dk tksf[ke mBk jgk gS rFkk fdrus lalk/kuksa dk fuos'k gqvk gSA ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ijaijkxr :Ik ls] foRrh; izc/ku ds ewyHkwr mn~n’; rjy lEifRr dk j[kj[kko ,oa laxBu ds a s ykHk dks vf/kdre djus ds FksA ijUrq vc blesa ,d ifjorZu vk;k gSA orZeku es]a foRrh; izc/ku dk ije mn~n’; iwTkh a s a c<+kus dk gSA iath c<+kus dk ;g mn~n’; turk@lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa ds foRrh; izc/ku gsrq Hkh lgh lkfcr gksrk gSA lkoZtfud w s a laLFkk,a vFkok vU; 'kkldh; laxBu iwth c<+kus gsrq ekStn gS u dh ykHk c<+kus gsrqA lekt vFkok vketu ds thou a w Lrj esa lq/kj ykus gsrq] ljdkj dks iwth c<+kus dh vko’;drk gS ,oa rnqijkar mRiUu jkf’k ds leku forj.k dks a lqfuf’pr djus dh vko’;drk gS A blfy,] lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa ls U;k;laxr vkoaVu vkSj lalk/kuks ds mi;ksx }kjk iath c<+kus ds mn~n’; dks izkIr djuk visf{kr gSA bl mn~n’; dh izkfIr gsrq] lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa dks vius foRrh; w s s dk;ksZa dks vko’;d :i ls vk/kqfud foRrh; izc/ku ds rjhdksa ls lapkfyr djuk gksxk] pwfd foRrh; izc/aku ds fl)kar esa a a iwth c<+kuk vko’;d gSA a 2.2 uxjh; fudk;ksa esa foRrh; izc/aku dh vko’;drk foxr nks n'kdksa es]a Hkkjr us rsth ls gks jgs 'kgjhdj.k dk lkeuk fd;k gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i vf/kdka’k 'kgjh clkgVksa esa cqfu;knh lsokvksa tSls vkokl] ty iznk;] lhojst] 'kgjh ;krk;kr O;oLFkk vkfn dh deh eglwl dh tk jgh gSA -15-
  • 16. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa esa deh ds vfrfjDr uxjh; laLFkkvksa dh vlarks"ktud dk;Ziz.kkyh us fLFkfr dks vkSj vf/kd xaHkhj cuk fn;k gSA mijksDr ,oa vU; c<+rh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds mís'; ls] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fo'ks"k ;kstuk tSls tokgj yky usg: jk"Vªh; 'kgjh uouhdj.k fe'ku dk vkajHk fd;k x;k gS] ftldk y{; uxjh; fudk;ksa dks c<+rh pqukSfr;k ls lkeuk djus gsrq 'kgjh lq/kkj dk;ZØeksa }kjk l{ke cukuk gSA bu ;kstukvksa }kjk gksus okys jkf'k ds izokg ds dkj.k ;g visf{kr gS fd uxjh; fudk;ksa ds ctV esa o`f) gksxh] blfy;s ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd uxjh; fudk;ksa esa etcwr foRrh; izc/ku O;oLFkk gks a ,oa lgh dk;Z iz.kkyh gks ftlls lqfuf'pr gks fd ;g yksd fuf/k dk {kerkiw.kZ rFkk ikjnf'kZrkiw.kZ mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA bl dkj.k uxjh; fudk;ksa esa etcwr foRrh; izc/ku O;oLFkk dh vko';drk gksxh ftlls ;g lqfuf'pr gks fd jkf'k dk a dq'kyrkiwoZd izc/ku ,oa {kerkiw.kZ mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA a 2.3 foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k,a a lai.kZ foRrh; izc/ku dh izfØ;k dks rhu dks.kksa ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS% w a • foRrh; <kaps dk l`tu • foRrh; <kaps dk izc/ku a • izn’kZu lgk;d@leFkZd foRrh; <kaps dk l`tu ewy :Ik ls rhu igyqvksa ls lacf/kr gS% foRrh; uhfr;ka] foRrh; fo’ys"k.k rFkk foRrh; fu;kstuA a fdlh Hkh uxjh; fudk; ds foRrh; <kaps gsrq ;s rhu igyq eq[; gSA foRrh; <kaps ds l`tu ds i'pkr] f}rh; lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ igyq bl <kaps dk izc/ku gSA ctV ¼rS;kj djuk] fØ;kUo;u a a ,oa ewY;kadu½ foRrh; <kaps ds izc/ku gsrq lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ midj.k gS rFkk vU; lHkh O;oLFkk,a blds laj[k.k esa gSA a s vYi&vof/k foRrh; izc/ku esa eq[;r% udnh izc/ku] izkfIr rFkk ns; izc/ku rFkk vYi vof/k _.k izc/ku lekfgr gksrk a a a a gSA nh?kZ vof/k foRrh; izc/ku esa iwthxr fuos'k ;kstuk dks rS;kj djuk rFkk nh?kZ vof/k _.k izc/ku lekfgr jgrk gSA a a a blds vfrfjDr dqN ,slh O;oLFkk,a Hkh gS tks foRrh; :ijs[kk ds izc/ku ds izn'kZu esa lgk;r ds :i esa dk;Z djrs gSA a buesa vkfLr izc/ku] ykxr fu/kkZj.k] [kjhn@vf/kizkfIr vkarfjd fu;a=.k rFkk foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh 'kkfey gSA a a fuEukuqlkj izfrn'kZ foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k dks izLrqr djrk gSA a -16-
  • 17. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a izfrn'kZ 1 foRrh; izc/ku izfØ;k a leFkZd izn'kZu Enabling Performance Creating<kaps dk l`tu foRrh; Financial foRrh; <kaps dk izc/ku a Managing Financial Framework Framework vYi vof/k foRrh; Short term financial management izc/ku a BUDGETING Financial Management Financial Management foRrh; uhfr;ka ctV Information System Financial Policies •Cash Management Internal Control foRrh; izc/ku lwpuk • udnh izca/ku vkUrfjd fu;q=.k •Receivables and a payablesrFkk ns;d izc/ku • izkfIr;k managementa Operating ctV lapkyu Budget O;oLFkk foRrh; fo'ys"k.k • vYi term _.k izc/ku •Short vof/k debt a Financial Analysis a management + nh?kZ vof/k foRrh; + Long term financial izc/ku a management iwthxr ctV a foRrh; fu;kstu Financial Planning •Capital Improvement • iwthxr lq/kkj ;kstuk a Capital Budget Plan • nh?kZ vof/k _.k izca/ku •Long term debt management vkfLr izc/ku a Asset Management Costing Procurement ykxr vf/kizkfIr -17-
  • 18. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 3. ctV izfØ;k,a eSuqvy dk ;g [k.M ctV ls lacf/kr fofHkUu vo/kkj.kkvks]a fl)karksa rFkk rduhdksa dh ppkZ djrk gS rFkk ctV ls a lacf/kr uhfr;ks]a ctV fuekZ.k izfØ;kvksa rFkk ctV leh{kk iz.kkyh;ksa dks izLrqr djrk gSA a 3.1 vo/kkj.kk,a Hkkjr ds lHkh uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq ctV ,d oS/kkfud xfrfof/k gSA ;g lhfer lalk/kuksa dks izkFkfedrkvksa ds vk/kkj ij mi;ksx djus gsrq ;g ,d 'kfDr’kkyh midj.k ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA ,d fuf’pr vof/k ds fy;s foRrh; lalk/kuksa dk vkoaVu ¼lqfu;ksftr jktLo rFkk O;; feykdj½ djus gsrq ;g LFkkuh; 'kklu dh ;kstuk gSA ,d uxjh; fudk; ds ctV esa vkerkSj ij fuEukuqlkj fcUnq 'kkfey jgrs gSa %& • fu;ksftr xfrfof/k;ka] ifj;kstuk,a rFkk lsok,a • miyC/k lalk/kuksa vFkok jktLo dk vuqeku( rFkk • fu;ksftr xfrfof/k;ksa ds foRriks"k.k gsrq vko';d lkoZtfud O;; dk vuqeku 3.1.1 ifjHkk"kk,a lapkyu@jktLo ctV % ;g uxjh; fudk;ksa ds fnu&izfrfnu ds lapkyu O;; gsrq ,d ;kstuk gS ,oa ,d fo’ks"k vof/k gsrq foRriks"k.k dk izLrkfor ek/;e gSA iwthxr ctV % ;g izLrkfor iwth lq/kkj gsrq ,d ;kstuk gS rFkk mlds foRr iks"k.k gsrq ek/;e gS] tks lkekU;Rk% ,d a hxr a cgqof"kZ; iwth lq/kkj dk;ZØe ds izFke o"kZ ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS ,oa ,d lEiw.kZ okf"kZd ctV ds Hkkx ds :i esa vey esa a yk;k tkrk gS] ftlesa lapkyu rFkk iwth ifjO;; 'kkfey gSA a a vlk/kkj.k ctV% ;g iwthxr ctV dk Hkkx gS] ijUrq blesa izkfIr rFkk ns; ¼uxjh; fudk;ksa dh vk; rFkk O;; NksMdj ½ a + Hkh 'kkfey gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s tek izkfIr rFkk Hkqxrku] fn;k x;k vxzhe rFkk lek;kstu vkfnA a xjhcksa gsrq ctV% ;g ctV xjhcksa dh vko’;drkvksa ds izfr laonu’khy gS vFkok ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g iz;kl s djrk gS fd xjhch mi’keu gsrq ’kgjh xjhcksa dks lalk/kuksa dk ,d fuf’pr izfr’kr miyC/k djk;k tk,A mnkgj.k ds fy;s] ,d lkekU; izfØ;k es]a ctV ;g izLrqr djus esa v{ke jgrk gS fd og ’kgjh xjhcksa dks lalk/ku miyC/k djkus ds izfr fdruk laonu’khy gS ,oa ifj.kker% xjhcksa dh fo’ks"k vko’;drkvksa dh mis{kk dh tkrh gSA s fyax vk/kkfjr ctV% ;g ctV fyax ds izfr laonu’khy gS vFkok ;g iz;kl djrk gS fd fdlh fof’k"V fyax dks lalk/kuksa s dk ,d fuf’pr izfr’kr miyC/k djk;k tk ldsA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] ,d lkekU; izfØ;k es]a ctV ;g izLrqr djus esa v{ke jgrk gS fd og fdlh fof’k"V fyax dks lalk/ku miyC/k djkus ds izfr fdruk laonu’khy gS ,oa ifj.kker% xjhcksa s dh fo’ks"k vko’;drkvksa dh mis{kk dh tkrh gSA -18-
  • 19. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a lgHkkxhrk ctV % ;g LFkkuh; ctV izc/ku gsrq oSdfYid izfØ;kvksa dks viukus gsrq bafxr djrk gS rFkk uxj ikfydk ds a lkoZtfud lalk/kuksa ds vkoaVu esa tu Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok nsus gsrq yf{kr gSA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ,slh izfØ;k,a O;; lacf/kr fu.kZ;ksa esa fu;kstu rFkk ikjnf’kZrk ij tksj nsdj lalk/kuksa dh vkoaVu {kerk dks c<+krh gSA nqfu;k Hkj ds a a vf/kdka’k uxjh; fudk;ksa }kjk ,slh izfØ;k,a viuk;h xbZ gS rFkk bl n`f"Vdks.k dh egRork dks oSf’od igpku fey jgh gSA 3.1.2 ctV ds mn~n’; s ctV dk fuekZ.k ,d laxBu ds foRrh; lalk/kuksa ds fu;=a.k] izc/ku rFkk fu;kstu dks mn~n’; ekudj fd;k tkrk gSA a s izR;sd mn~n’; ds lac/k esa uhps ppkZ dh xbZ gSA s a 1- fu;=a.k ,d fu;a=.k nLrkost ds :i es]a ctV ,d oS/kkfud rFkk uhfrxr lhek ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS ftlds vUrxZr ,d uxjh; fudk; lapkyu dj ldrh gSA bu lhekvksa ds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr fu/kkZj.k lekfgr gksrk gS% • izR;sd uxjh; fudk; }kjk vuqer O;;( • iz;kstu ftuds fy, dkuwuh rkSj ij O;; fd;k tk ldrk gS ¼tSls fd osru] j[kj[kko ,oa _.k izHkkj½ rFkk( • dj lalk/kuksa rFkk xSj dj & lalk/kuksa dk laxzg.k ¼vFkkZr jktLo dk;Z½ fu;=a.k ,d egRoiw.kZ mn~n’; gS tks uxjh; fudk;ks ds ctV fuekZ.k dh fuxjkuh djrk gS] gkykafd bldh miyC/kh s cgqr lh O;kofLFkd detksfj;ksa ds dkj.k {kh.k gks tkrh gSA fu;a=.k ds mn~n’;ksa dh izkfIr ds fYk;s] ctV dks izHkkoh ys[kk s rFkk vad{k.k O;oLFkk ds lg;ksx dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA s 2- izc/ku a ,d izc/ku ds nLrkost ds leku] ctV ,slk y{; fu/kkZfjr djrk gS tks 'kgjh lsokvksa dh vf/kd l{ke rFkk izHkkoh a vkiwÆr lqfuf’pr djrk gSA ctV dks ,d iw.kZr% izHkkoh izc/ku midj.k cukus gsrq ctV lacf/kr fuos'k L=ksrksa ¼tSls a a veyk rFkk midj.k½ ,oa visf{kr ifj.kkeksa ds e/; ,d Li"V xBtksM+ gksuk vko';d gS] uxjh; fudk;ks ds izn'kZu mik;ksa ¼tSls oxZehVj esa lM+d dh yEckbZ ftldh ejEer dh tkuk gS vkfn½ esa ifjHkkf"kr gksA ,slk xBtksM foHkkxh; izeq[kksa dks muds ctV dks vius veys ds izc/ku esa ,d midj.k ds :i esa mi;ksx djus esa l{ke cukrk gSA a 3- fu;kstu ctV fuekZ.k uxjh; fudk;ksa dks ,d Áeq[k ;kstuk :ih volj iznku djrk gS tks fudk; ds fodkl rFkk c<+kRrjh dh s vko’;drkvksa dks lhfer foRrh; rFkk ekuo lalk/ku ds foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx }kjk lacksf/kr djuk pkgrk gSA izfro"kZ] ctV }kjk ,d uxjh; fudk; ds izR;kf{kr jktLo dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk mlds O;; dh ewy ;kstuk dks js[kkafdr fd;k tkrk gSA -19-
  • 20. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a 3.1.3 ,d vkn’kZ ctV ds ?kVd ,d uxjh; fudk; ds ctV dks fofHkUu mi;ksxdrkZvksa tSls jktuhfrKks]a iz’kkldks]a uxjh; fudk; izc/kdks]a deZpkfj;ks]a a izfrfuf/k lewg tSls xSj 'kkldh; laxBuks@leqnk; vk/kkfjr laxBuks]a fo'ys"kdksa ,oa turk dh ekaxks dks iw.kZ djuk a pkfg;sA ,d ctV dks bu fofHkUu mi;ksxdrkZ lewgksa dh vko';drkvksa dks iw.kZ fd;k tkuk pkfg;s rFkk blds mijkar Hkh bls vuqi;ksxh] vf/kd cM+k vFkok vLi"V ugha gksuk pkfg;sA ,d vkn’kZ ctV nLrkost dks fuEukuqlkj gksuk pkfg, %& • ,d uhfrxr nLrkost % ,d LFkkuh; 'kklu dh lapkyu ;kstuk ds rkSj ij] ctV nLrkost dks uhfr;ksa dks izLrkfor] igpku rFkk Li"V djuk pkfg,A 'kkldh; laLFkk }kjk lkekU;r% bUgs o"kZ ds nkSjku viuk;k tkrk gS ,oa ctV i= esa laf{kIr fooj.k fn;k tkrk gSA • ,d foRrh; ;kstuk % ctV izfØ;k] _.k 'kks/ku {kerk] n{krk rFkk uxjh; fudk; ds lEifRr rFkk lalk/kuksa ds mi;ksx rFkk forj.k ls lacf/kr rdZi.kZ fodYiksa dks c<+kok nsus gsrq ,d izkFkfed izfØ;k gSA a w • ,d lapkyu ekxZn’kZd ctV % ctV ,d uxjh; fudk; ds lapkyu gsrq :ijs[kk iznku djrk gSA bls fo’kq) :i ls foRrh; vk;keksa ls ijs tkdj laxBu ds fofHkUu fgLlksa ds dk;ksZa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa ds la[;k rFkk Lrj ds lkFk dk;Z djuk gksxkA • ,d lapkj midj.k % ctV fuokfl;ks]a dj nkrkvksa rFkk ?kVdksa vkfn gsrq ,d dsUnz fcUnq gS rFkk bl dkj.k bls kj lknk vkSj ljy cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A blfy,] mu yksxksa ds fYk, Tkks 'kkldh; foRr vkfn ls ifjfpr ugha gS] ctV dk vFkZ rFkk izHkko le>kus gsrq ljyhd`r O;k[;k] pkVZ] fcUnqj[k cukus dk Ik;kZIr iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg, A s • lw{e@foosdiw.kZ % ctV dks fgr lewgksa ds lw{e ijh{k.k ds fy, l{ke jguk pkfg,A • lexz % ,d ctV dk n`f"Vdks.k lexz gksuk pkfg, rFkk bls dqN {ks=ksa fd mis{kk ;k vU; {ks=ksa dks vf/kd & de egRork ugha nsuh pkfg,A 3.1.4 rduhds ctV rduhdsa foxr le; esa fofHkUu mn~n’;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy;s cgqr lh ctV rduhdsa fodflr dh xbZ gSA bu rduhdksa }kjk s a fofHkUu ns’kksa esa fofHkUu Lrj ij lQyrk,a izkIr dh xbZ gSA ;|fi buesa ls dqN ctV rduhdsa vf/kd mUur gS] ijUrq a izR;sd ctV rduhd fof'k"V ykHk iznku djrh gS rFkk lkFk gh mldh dqN lhek,a gSA ;g ,d laxBu ij fuHkZj djrk a gS fd og ,d vFkok vf/kd ctV rduhdksa dk mi;ksx djs tks mldh xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk ctV oxhZdj.k ds vuqlkj mi;qDr gSA a 3.1.4.1 ykbZu vkbZVe ctV bl ctVh; i)fr dks o`f)xr ctV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl n`f"Vdks.k ds vUrxZr] ctV dks lwph vUrxZr oLrqvksa ds izLrkfor O;; vFkok oLrqoxZ ds vk/kkj ij mfPkr fl) fd;k tkrk gSA vk/kkjHkwr ctV dks lkekU;r% Li"Vhd`r ugha fd;k tkrk gS ,oa flQZ o`f) vkfn dk Li"Vhdj.k gksrk gSA ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd e/;izn’k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa }kjk s orZeku esa muds ctV dks ykbZu vkbZVe ctV ds vk/kkj ij fodflr fd;k tkrk gSA ykbZu vkbZVe ctV dk ,d ljyhd`r mnkgj.k uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa izLrqr gSA -20-
  • 21. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a rkfydk 2 % uxjh; fudk; gsrq ykbZu vkbZVe ctV dk mnkgj.k ykbZu vkbZVe ¼:i;s a vk/kkj ctV ¼:i;s es½ c<+kRrjh ¼:i;s es½ s ¼:i;s a ctV vuqjks/k ¼:i; es½ a osru 50-000 +6]000+ 56-000 ;k=k 25-000 +14]000 39-000 midj.k 40-000 -10]000 30-000 dqy 1]15]000 +10-000 10- 10 1]25]000 vk/kkj ctV fuEukuqlkj ds lerqY; gS %& • orZeku o"kZ dk ctV] lek;kstu lfgr( vFkok • orZeku o"kZ dk okLrfod O;;] ftldk lkekU;r% foRrh; o"kZ ds vUr esa vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gS( vFkok • fiNys o"kZ dk okLRkfOkd O;;A vk/kkj ctV] orZeku lsok ctV ¼tks fd orZeku Lrj ij fdlh dk;ZØe dks fujUrj djus gsrq uhfrxr cnyko vFkok u;s dkuwu dks ykxw fd;s fcuk ,d izR;kf'kr ykxr gksrh gS½ ls fHkUu gksrk gSA xf.kfr; i)fr ls orZeku lsok ctV dks fuEukuqlkj O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gS % orZeku lsok ctV = vk/kkj ctV + vifjgk;Z ewY; o`f) vk/kkj vifjgk;Z vFkok fu/kkZfjr ykxrksa tSls deZpkfj;ksa ij [kpZ vFkok eagxkbZ HkRrk vkfn esa gqbZ c<+r ;g n’kkZrh gS fd leku Lrj dh lsok,a tks orZeku esa iznk; dh tk jgh gS dks Hkfo"; esa iznk; djus esa ykxr o`f) gksxhA ctV dk;kZy; ds fy;s ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd oks lacf/kr foHkkxksa dks funsZ’k iznku djs ftlls os fu/kkZfjr ykxr esa c<+r dk vuqeku yxk ldsA a ctV fodkl@fuekZ.k gsrq 'kklu }kjk dkSu lh i)fr mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gS bl ckr ls vf/kd vUrj ugha iMrk D;ksfd mldk ctV ykbZu vkbZVe ctV esa LFkkUrfjr gks tkrk gS ¼ctV ds fØ;kUo;u rFkk fu;a=.k gsrq] oLrq oxksZa dks a vkoaVu lfgr½A ykHk rFkk uqdlku ykbZu vkbZVe n`f"Vdks.k dk izkFkfed ykHk ;g gS fd ;s ljy gSA gkykafd] bl dk izkFkfed uqdlku ;g gS fd mlds }kjk vko’;d tkudkjh iznku ugha dh tkrh gSA -21-
  • 22. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a rkfydk 3 % ykbZu vkbZVe ctV ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku ykHk uqdlku 1 ;g jkf’k ds vkoaVu rFkk fu;a=.k dks c<+kus dk ,d 1 ;g flQZ vkxr ls lacf/kr gS rFkk mRikn@ifj.kke ls a dkjxj rjhdk gS pwfd ;g ys[kk iz.kkyh ds niZ.k ds :Ik lacf/kr ugha gSA blfy;s] fu.kkZ;dksa dks vius vkoaVu lac/kh a a a esa dk;Z djrk gSA fu.kZ;ksa ds ifj.kke dks izkIr djuk eqf’dy jgrk gS rFkk ;g tkuuk Hkh eqf’dy jgrk gS fd turk }kjk fn;s tk jgs iSlksa ds cnys mls D;k lsok,a nh tk jgh gSA 2 blesa O;kid izc/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh dh dksbZ vko’;drk 2 orZeku lsok ctV dk fodkl djuk ,d dBhu dk;Z gS a ugha gS pwfd ctV fuekZ.k esa lsok Lrj] dksbZ ykxr rFkk D;ksfd orZeku lsok Lrj dh tkudkjh miyC/k ugha jgrh a a dk;ZØe] ifj.kke ls lacf/kr tkudkjh dh vko’;drk fu.kZ;drkZvksa dks ;g tkudkjh ugha jgrh fd muds }kjk a ugha gksrh gSA fdlh dk;ZØe dks vfrfjDr vkoaVu djus ls D;k ifj.kke izkIr gksx%s leku Lrj dh lsok( mPp Lrj dh lsok( fuEu a Lrj dh lsok 3 o`f)’khy ctV bl rF; ds vuq:i gS fd dbZ dk;ZØe 3 ;g fu.kZ;drkZvksa dks fdlh mn~n’; dh izkfIr gsrq s fLFkj gS rFkk o"kZokj buesa ukVdh; ifjorZu ugha gksrk gSA oSdfYid rjhdksa fd dksbZ tkudkjh ugha nsrk ,oa uxjh; fudk; dh izkFkfedrkvksa ds ckjs esa cgqr de rF; izLrqr djrk gSA 4 bldk fuekZ.k izR;{k ykxr dk vuqeku dj fd;k tkrk gS ,oa bl dkj.k vizR;{k ykxr dh iw.kZr% vuns[kh dh tkrh gSA 5 bldh fo’ks"krk ctV fu;=a.k rduhd ds :Ik esa gS rFkk ;g dk;ZØe izc/kdksa dks ifj.kke izkIr djus esa i;kZIr a yphykiu iznku ugha djrkA 6 ykbZu vkbZVe ctV lkekU;r% vkoaVu lac/kh fu.kZ;ksa esa a ^^,d leku** n`f"Vdks.k viukrs gSA ctV esa vfrfjDr c<+r a vFkok dVkSrh dks lHkh foHkkxksa esa izfr’kr ds vk/kkj ij ckaVk tkrk gS ,oa bl izdkj ;g foHkkxksa dh cnyrh vko’;drkvksa rFkk izkFkfedrkvksa dks /;ku esa ugha j[krkA 3.1.4.2 dk;ZØe ctV dk;ZØe ctVh; i)fr fu.kZ;drkZ iz.kkyh ij dsfUnzr jgrh gS( fo’ks"kr% MsVk rFkk fo’ys"k.k lac/kh leL;k ijA a -22-
  • 23. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a bldk izFke iz;kl vkxr rFkk ifj.kkeksa dks rdZi.kZ Øe nsuk gS] ftlesa izkFkfed rkSj ij igpku djus ;ksX; ifj.kkeksa ij w tksj fn;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr Oks iz'kklfud izfdz;kvksa ds eq[; mn~n'; gksrs gSA blds mijkar ;g vkxrksa dks Øec) djus s a gsrq iz;kl djrk gS] vFkkZr~] os 'kkldh; xfrfof/k;ka tks ekuo lalk/ku] lkexzh] fj;y bLVsV bR;knh }kjk l`ftr gksa ftlls O;kid fodYiksa ds e/; dh rqyuk,a ;FkkFkZi.kZ rFkk vFkZi.kZ gks ldsA w w a dk;Zdze ctV] dk;Zdze dh izHkko'khyrk rFkk dk;Zdze ifj.kkeksa dks ek=k ;ksX; i)fr esa ekius dk iz;kl djrk gSA ;g lHkh xfrfof/k;ksa gsrq Li"V] ek=k ;ksX; rFkk ekiu ;ksX; dk;Zde mn~n';ksa ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA dk;Zdze ctV dks nks Lrjksa z s ij ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS % 1- i)fr ftlesa ctV dks laxfBr ¼dk;Zdze }kjk½ fd;k x;k gS( ,oa 2- bls U;k;laxr djus dh i)fr ¼dk;Zdze ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij½A ctV dh ;g izfdz;k xfrfof/k;ksa dks dk;Zdzeksa ¼,d leku mn~n'; okyh xfrfof/k;ka vFkok lsok,a½ esa laxfBr djus gsrq s ,d i)fr iznku djrh gS] izR;sd y{; dh izkfIr gsrq fodYiksa dh igpku] izR;sd fodYi gsrq ykxr rFkk ykHk fu/kkZj.k] rFkk ykHk dks vf/kdre djus gsrq lgh fodYi dk p;u djus gsrq Hkh ,d i)fr iznku djrh gSA pwfd dqy ykxr rFkk a izn'kZu Lrj egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa & u dh izR;sd ykbZu vkbZVe dh ykxr & blfy;s ctVh; vkoaVuksa dks dk;Zdze }kjk ctk; ikjEifjd foHkkxh; ykbZu vkbZVe ds] ^^,d eq'r** iznku fd;k tkrk gSA dk;Zdze ctV dks vkerkSj ij fofHkUu izdkj ds izn'kZu ekidksa ls tksM+k tkrk gSA mijksDr O;k[;k ds vk/kkj ij] dk;Zdze ctV dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,a lkeus vkrh gS% • ;g dk;Zdze dh lEiw.kZ ykxr dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] ¼dk;Z djus okys laxBukRed bZdkbZ;ksa dh la[;k ij /;ku fn;s fcuk½A • ;g ,d lsok vFkok dk;Zdze ds okLrfod ifj.kkeksa dks ekius dk iz;kl djrk gSA • ;g foHkkxksa dh vis{kk ^^dk;Zdze rRoks** dks vk/kkjHkwr ctVh; oxhZdj.k ;kstuk ds :i esa mi;ksx djrk gSA a • ;g oSdfYid lsok vkiwfrZ fodYiksa ij /;ku fn;s tkus gsrq lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA dk;Zdze ctV rHkh laHko gS tc mik; eki ;ksX; rFkk fof'k"V gksA ,sls mik; ftuesa ^^lq/kkj** ^^lqn`<+hdj.k** rFkk a ^^leUo;** tSls 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS mudk ekiu vlaHko gksrk gS rFkk os vR;kf/kd lkekU; gksrs gSA bu dfe;ksa ds a dkj.k] ;s laLFkkvksa vFkok izc/kdksa dks ifj.kkeksa gsrq mRrjnk;h cukus dk dksbZ L=ksr iznku ugha djrs gSA tPpk&cPpk a a LokLF; dk;Zdze ls lacf/kr fuEufyf[kr 3 laHkkfor dk;Zdze mik;ksa ij /;ku nsa % a 3- mik; v % f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj ykrk gS 4- mik; c % f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa 20 izfr'kr rd lq/kkj ykrk gS 5- mik; l % 3 o"kksZa esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj esa 10 izfr'kr rd deh ykrk gS mik; v mi;ksxh ugha gS D;ksfd ;g ek=k ds :i esa ifjekf.kr ugha fd;k tk ldrk rFkk blfy;s ekiu ;ksX; ugha gSA a mik; c ifjekkf.kr fd;k tk ldrk gS ijUrq ;g Li"V ugha gS fd ^^f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj ykrk gS**] okD; ls D;k rkRi;Z gSA f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj dks fdl izdkj ukik tk ldrk gS( mik; l lokZf/kd mi;qDr gS D;ksfd ;ga -23-
  • 24. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a ifjekf.kr fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk Li"V gS] blfy;s] mik; l es]a ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk laHko gS fd D;k dk;Zdze }kjk okafNr ifj.kke izkIr fd;s x;sa gSa vFkok og bls izkIr djus esa vlQy gqvk gSA uewuk dk;Zdze ekid fuEufyf[kr dk;ZØe ekidksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS( 1- yksd fuekZ.k v- cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa ds mi;ksxh thoudkYk esa o`f)( vkSj c- ljdkj ds midj.kksa dh vkSlr [kjkc gksus dh vof/k esa deh 2- LokLF; lsok,a v- f’k’kq e`R;q nj esa deh( c- dqiks"k.k ds f’kdkj ds :i esa oxhZd`r cPpksa ds izfr’kr esa deh( l- nar jksxksa esa deh( vkSj n- vkcknh dh vkSlr vk;q esa c<+kRrjh s 3- lkoZtfud lqj{kk v- vkx ls cpkbZ xbZ bekjrksa dh la[;k( c vijk/k nj esa deh( vkSj l- ;krk;kr ls tqMs e`R;q nj esa deh] 4- vad{k.k s v- vad{k.k ds ifj.kke Lo:i jkf’k cpr( vkSj s c- vad{k.k esa lQyrkiwod lacksf/kr fd;s x;s ifj.kkeksa dh la[;k s Z 5- dj vkSj jktLo v- Bhd ls lalkf/kr VSDl fjVuZ dh la[;k( vkSj c- dj vuqikyu dk;ZØeksa ls vfrfjDr jktLo -24-
  • 25. e/;izn'k ds uxjh; fudk;ksa gsrq foRrh; izc/ku dh loksRre izfØ;kvksa ls lacf/kr esU;qvy s a Z a ykHk rFkk uqdlku rkfydk rkfydk 4 % dk;ZØe ctVh; i)fr ds ykHk rFkk uqdlku ykHk uqdlku 1- ;g lalk/kuksa dk rkfdZd vkoaVu djrk gS rFkk fo'ks"k 1- dk;Zdze ifj.kkeksa vFkok dk;Zdze izHkko'khyrk dks :i ls fdlh mn~n'; dh izkfIr gsrq oSdfyid jkLrksa ds ifjekf.kr djuk LokHkkfod :i ls dfBu gksrk gSA ;fn s lac/k esa fu.kZ; ysus gsrq mi;ksxh gksrk gSA a ifj.kke rFkk @ vFkok dk;Zde ifj.kkeksa dk ekiu fd;k z Hkh tk lds rks ;g laHko ugha gksxk fd tks ifj.kke izkIr gq;s gSa os dk;Zdze ds dkj.k gSa vFkok vU; fdlh dkjd ds dkj.kA 2- ;g dk;Zdzeksa dks vkoafVr dqy lalk/kuksa ds lac/k esa 2- dk;Zdze ctV] foHkkxksa dks mRrjnkf;Ro nsdj] O;; a tkudkjh iznku djrk gS ¼vU; ctVh; rduhdksa esa fu;a=.k dh vko';drk dh mis{kk dj ldrk gS tkudkjh miyC/k ugha gksrh½ 3- dk;Zdze dh izHkko'khyrk dks ekius dk iz;kl djus esa yxus okyh ykxr tkudkfj;ksa dh mi;ksfxrk rFkk Qk;nksa dks njfdukj dj ldrk gSA 4- dk;Zdzeksa dks vkoafVr lalk/kuksa ds lac/k esa tkudkfj;ksa a dks flQZ dk;Zdze {ks=ksa ds vuqlkj 'kkldh; foHkkxksa dk iquZxBu dj izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks cgqr vf/kd le; ysus okyh izfdz;k gS rFkk ges'kk lkFkZd ugha gksxhA 5- dk;Zdze ctV dks izHkkoh :i ls ykxw djus ds fy;s] ctV lacf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls izf'kf{kr fd;k a tkuk pkfg;s rFkk dk;Zdze vad{k.k djus gsrq Hkh le; s gksuk pkfg;s] tks dh egaxk dk;Z gS rFkk uxjh; fudk; bls ogu djus esa l{ke ugha gksxA a sa 3.1.4.3 'kwU; vk/kkfjr ctV ihVj ,- ik;gj us VsDlkl bULVª:esaVl esa lu 1969 esa fu;kstu] ctV rFkk fu;a=.k ds midj.k ds :i esa 'kwU; vk/kkfjr ctV dh vo/kkj.kk dks fn'kk nhA ctV dh bl O;oLFkk es]a laLFkk,a viuk ctV rS;kj djrs le; foxr o"kksZa esa fdlh xfrfof/k gsrq gq;s ctV vkoaVu ij fopkj ugha djrh rFkk ctV dks 'kwU; vkoaVu ls izkjaHk djrh gSA bl a rduhd ds vUrxZr ctV dks 'kwU; ls izkjaHk fd;k tkrk gS ctk; ml izfdz;k ds ftlds vUrxZr ekStnk ctV dks vk/kkj w -25-