Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
Main ComputationExpectedStandardRisk PremiumReturnMonDeviationE(r.docx
1. Main ComputationExpectedStandardRisk
PremiumReturn/MonDeviationE(ri)siEi=E(ri)-rfRiskfree Rate
(rf)0.23%0%Risky Asset 12.10%13%1.87%Risky Asset
21.30%8%1.07%Correlation (1,2)20%Risk
Aversion2OutputsRisky
AssetCapitalUtilityOptimalProportionOpp
SetAllocationIndifferenceCompletein Risky(x-
axis)CurveLineCurvePortfolioAsset 1
orStandardExpectedExpectedExpectedExpectedOpt
RiskyDeviationRet / MonRet / MonRet / MonRet / MonOpp Set
Curve-500.0%72.7%-2.7%Opp Set Curve-
150.0%25.0%0.1%Opp Set Curve-80.0%16.0%0.7%Opp Set
Curve-70.0%14.8%0.7%Opp Set Curve-60.0%13.6%0.8%Opp
Set Curve-50.0%12.5%0.9%Opp Set Curve-
40.0%11.4%1.0%Opp Set Curve-30.0%10.4%1.1%Opp Set
Curve-20.0%9.4%1.1%Opp Set Curve-10.0%8.6%1.2%Opp Set
Curve0.0%8.0%1.3%Opp Set Curve10.0%7.6%1.4%Opp Set
Curve20.0%7.4%1.5%Opp Set Curve30.0%7.4%1.5%Opp Set
Curve40.0%7.8%1.6%Opp Set Curve50.0%8.3%1.7%Opp Set
Curve60.0%9.0%1.8%Opp Set Curve70.0%9.9%1.9%Opp Set
Curve80.0%10.8%1.9%Opp Set Curve90.0%11.9%2.0%Opp Set
Curve100.0%13.0%2.1%Opp Set Curve110.0%14.2%2.2%Opp
Set Curve120.0%15.4%2.3%Opp Set
Curve250.0%32.3%3.3%Opp Set Curve750.0%100.9%7.3%Opt
Risky Port40.7%7.8%1.6%Cap Alloc Line0.0%0.0%0.2%Cap
Alloc Line1000.0%77.8%14.2%Indifference
Curve0.0%0.63%Indifference Curve1.0%0.65%Indifference
Curve2.0%0.71%Indifference Curve3.0%0.81%Indifference
Curve4.0%0.95%Indifference Curve5.0%1.13%Indifference
Curve6.0%1.35%Indifference Curve7.0%1.61%Indifference
Curve8.0%1.91%Indifference Curve9.0%2.25%Indifference
Curve10.0%2.63%Indifference Curve11.0%3.05%Indifference
Curve12.0%3.51%Indifference Curve13.0%4.01%Indifference
Curve14.0%4.55%Indifference Curve15.0%5.13%Opt Comp
6. BUS329 (Investment Analysis)
Assignment: How to download data from Yahoo Finance
This guidelines show you how to download stock price data
from Yahoo Finance. The first
part is related to data you need to construct optimal complete
portfolio and the second
part is related to data you need to calculate systematic risks.
First part: Constructing optimal complete portfolio
(1) This part of the assignment is about constructing optimal
complete portfolio with
two risky assets and one risk-free asset.
(2) For risk-free rate use 1 month Bank Accepted Bill (BAB)
rate available on Reserve
Bank of Australia (RBA) website as follow:
(http://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/tables/#interest-rates) (Take
the average of BAB rate
during your sample period). You will need to click “Interest
Rates and Yield –
Money Market – Monthly – F1.1” to get this data. After clicking
an excel file will be
7. downloaded, where you will find 1-moth BAB rate.
(3) For risky assets choose two stocks from Australia Stock
Exchange (ASX)
(4) Download stock price data from Yahoo Finance for free
(website:
https://au.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=ASX.AX)
(5) How to download data from Yahoo Finance website:
You need to enter stock symbol here to download the price of
your selected stock.
(6) Stock symbols are available in ASX website
(http://www.asx.com.au/asx/research/listedCompanies.do).
Clicking this link will
give you the following web page:
http://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/tables/#interest-rates
https://au.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=ASX.AX
http://www.asx.com.au/asx/research/listedCompanies.do
(2)
8. (7) You need to use these ASX codes (this is what we call
symbol above) to download
stock price. For example, suppose you want to download stock
price of ABACUS
PROPERTY GROUP. Code for this stock is ABP. So you type
ABP in the box and click
„Look Up‟ as follows:
(8) This will return the following page:
(9) Now click „Historical Prices‟. This will return the following
page:
(3)
(10) Now select your start and end date here. Download
monthly data by clicking
„Monthly‟. I strongly recommend using monthly data to avoid
the complexities of
handling public holidays, non-trading day etc. Once you have
selected start and
end date and checked „Monthly‟, click „Get Prices‟ to
download the data. When
9. data download is complete, go to the bottom of the page and
click „Download to
SpreadSheet‟ to get data in CSV format. Finally save the data
as per your
convenience. For analysis purpose use the stock price along the
„Adj Close‟ column
(11) Repeat the same process to download your second stock
price data.
(12) Use monthly data from July 2008 to December 2016.
(13) Next you will need to calculate stock return from stock
prices. Use the
following formula to calculate the return series:
(4)
100
1
10. t
tt
t
P
PP
r (1)
For example, in the screenshot below „Adj Close‟ price on 1
June 2016 is AU$3.07 and that
on 1 July 2016 is AU$3.10. Therefore return on 1 July 2016 is
calculated as follows:
%98.0
100
07.3$
07.3$10.3$
20161
11. AU
AUAU
r
July
Using stock price data the return series can easily be generated
in excel.
(14) If the data are downloaded from ‘New’ to ‘Old’, then you
need to convert them from ‘Old’ to
‘New’. For example, in the screenshot above 1 July, 2016 data
come first and then 1 June
2016 – this is ‘New’ to ‘Old’ pattern. You will need to convert
them to ‘Old’ to ‘New’ form.
This can easily be done by using ‘Sort’ under ‘Data’ in Excel
(15) For your analysis you will need to calculate variance,
covariance, standard
deviation etc. for the stock return series. You can calculate
these by using
12. formulas in excel. Please visit the following YouTube website
to see how excel can
be used to calculate those statistics:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=how+to+calcula
te+variance%2C+covarian
ce+in+excel
(16) Calculate optimum weights of two risky assets (say, asset S
and Asset B) by
using the following formula [this is similar to the formula given
in Equation 7.13
(page 217) of your text]
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=how+to+calcula
te+variance%2C+covariance+in+excel
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=how+to+calcula
te+variance%2C+covariance+in+excel
(5)
Use average of stock returns calculated using formula (1) above
as a proxy for expected
return, E(r), in the above equation. Similarly use the average of
risk-free rate as a proxy
13. for rf in the above equation.
(17) You will also be required a value for risk aversion
coefficient, A. It is not
available anywhere. It is a subjective value. Use any one of the
following three risk
aversion coefficients:
(a) Highly risk-averse investor: if you think you are highly risk
averse, then use 5 as
your risk-aversion coefficient (i.e., A = 5)
(b) Moderate risk-averse investor: if you think you are
moderately risk averse, then use
4 as your risk-aversion coefficient (i.e., A = 4)
(c) Low risk-averse investor: if you think you are low risk-
averse investor, then use 3 as
your risk-aversion coefficient (i.e., A = 3)
(18) Split the whole sample into two sub-periods:
(a) From July 2008 to December 2011 (this period is a proxy for
Global Financial
Crisis (GFC).
(b) From January 2012 to December 2016 (this period is a proxy
for post Global
Financial Crisis (post-GFC).
14. (6)
Second part: Systematic risk of the risky assets
(1) In this part of the assignment you will be required to
calculate the systematic risk
of the risky assets, that is, two stocks used in Part A of the
assignment. In other
words, you are required to calculate β (beta) of each stock.
(2) Split the whole sample into two sub-periods:
(3) From July 2008 to December 2011 (this period is a proxy for
Global Financial Crisis
(GFC) and hence is expected to capture the effect of GFC on
stocks‟ systematic
risk)
(4) From January 2012 to December 2016 (this period is a proxy
for post Global
Fnancial Crisis (post-GFC) and hence is expected to capture the
stocks‟ systematic
15. risk during post-GFC period)
(5) You can calculate beta by using the following formula:
M
Mi
i
rVar
rrCov ,
here rM is return on market portfolio. You can use ASX All
Ordinary index as a proxy
for market portfolio.
(6) To download ASX All Ordinary index data type „^AORD‟
in the box as below:
(7) Now click „Look Up‟, which will return the following page.
(7)
16. (8) Now click „Historical Prices‟ and download ASX All
Ordinary index following steps
described in above.
(9) Calculate ASX All Ordinary index return using formula
given in eq (1) above.
(10) Calculate covariance between stock return and index return
(you will need
to calculate two co-variances for two stock returns.
(11) Calculate variance of index return
(12) Finally calculate beta using formula in equation (2) above.
(13) Compare the betas (GFC beta vs post-GFC beta)
Important Note: This is a group assignment. Each group will
work on two firms‟ stock price
data; however, each group has to work on different pair of
firms‟ stock prices. For
example, if Group 1 is works on Firm A and Firm B, no other
group can work on Firm A and
Firm B data; another group can work on Firm A and Firm C data
or Firm B and Firm C data.
17. Remember exactly same two forms‟ data cannot be used by
multiple groups. If two groups
work on exactly same two firms’ data, they will arrive at
exactly same result, which
will be treated as serious type of plagiarism. So using exactly
same two firms‟ data by
more than one group is strictly prohibited.