PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docx
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•6 views
PART A Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008. When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus. Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not? Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself? Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill PART B Summary: Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses. 1. Precisely what is microbial death? 2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent? 3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording? 4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance. .
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Prevalence of anti-HCV Antibodies Among Healthy Asymptomatic Indian Blood Don...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a bulk of acute and chronic liver diseases world-wide. Since, both the viruses share similar risk factors and modes of transmission, a combined HBV and HCV infection is frequently encountered especially in the HBV endemic areas. Until lately anti-HBc antibodies were considered as surrogate marker for HCV infection. But with the development of advanced tests for HCV detection the role of anti-HBc in this regard stands uncertain.
The relationship between the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis c and the be...
International peer-reviewed academic journals call for papers, http://www.iiste.org/Journals
Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections.Walden Universi
Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections.
Walden University
Dr. Linda Johanson
Francis Mercado
1
Identification and description of the clinical issue.
The clinical issue or problem identified for my study is the central line bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
Central line bloodstream infections(CLABSI) is a health condition that affects many people.
It occurs when pathogens such as bacteria and other germs invade the patients central line after which they get into the bloodstream.
CLABSI related infections are often serious but they can be successfully managed through appropriate treatment approaches.
Femoral central venous catheters and internal jugular along with subclavian central lines have high risk of getting infected.
As per the survey conducted in 2019 about the central line bloodstream infections, it was found that the infection ratio for the said infections was 0.8 per 1000 central line days. This means that over 250000 people across the world bloodstream infections occur yearly and most of them are associated with the presence of intravascular devices.
2
Identification and description of the clinical issue.
Cont.………
Risk factors for Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)
presence of gastrostomy tube.
ICU placement of central venous catheter.
Immunosuppression.
Antibiotic therapy(Steffens et al., 2019,).
Poor nutrition;
Multiple invasive procedures.
nonoperative cardiovascular disease.
Central line bloodstream infection is associated with numerous predisposing risk factors. From healthcare stats, it can be said that central line catheters are the common causes of health callings linked to CLABSI. However there are many other risk factors that predispose patients to contracting or developing central line bloodstream infections. Contamination may occur within the central line and this may cause central line related illness. Such contamination include; non interact dressing, contaminated infusion, central venous access devices as well as patient's skin flora.
3
How to develop PICOT question for CLABSI
By analyzing the major components of PICOT, that is P-population, patients, or problem at hand, I-interventions required to solve the issue, C- control or alternative interventions to be compared, O-outcome or the objective to be achieved and T-time framework required to achieve desired outcome(Steffens et al., 2019).
This will help formulate questions such as;
Who and what is the issues that need to be addressed?
What is the proposed intervention and actions to remedy the issue?
What is desired outcome?
How much time is required to realized anticipated results?
To come up with PICOT statement of question on the clinical issues that I had chosen I had to analyze all the components of PICOT to identify their meanings so as to develop a questions that meets PICOT guidelines. The analysis of the PICOT components will help develop questions about the what are kind of population or patients affec ...
Clin infect dis. 2016-cao-250-7
Inicio temprano de terapia ARV vs tratamiento prolongado antirretroviral y su impacto sobre los CD8
04.03.20 | COVID-19 and HIV: What We Know and Efforts to Answer What We Don’t...
04.03.20 | COVID-19 and HIV: What We Know and Efforts to Answer What We Don’t...UC San Diego AntiViral Research Center
Stephen Rawlings, MD, PhD
Clinical Fellow
Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San DiegoCLOSTRidium defficile lecture DR MOKHTAR.pptx
review about clostridium deficile and atypical presentation with unexplained leucocytosis
Assessment of serum lipid profile in patients with chronic hepatitis c
This is purely research on Hepatitis C patients
Recommended
Prevalence of anti-HCV Antibodies Among Healthy Asymptomatic Indian Blood Don...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a bulk of acute and chronic liver diseases world-wide. Since, both the viruses share similar risk factors and modes of transmission, a combined HBV and HCV infection is frequently encountered especially in the HBV endemic areas. Until lately anti-HBc antibodies were considered as surrogate marker for HCV infection. But with the development of advanced tests for HCV detection the role of anti-HBc in this regard stands uncertain.
The relationship between the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis c and the be...
International peer-reviewed academic journals call for papers, http://www.iiste.org/Journals
Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections.Walden Universi
Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections.
Walden University
Dr. Linda Johanson
Francis Mercado
1
Identification and description of the clinical issue.
The clinical issue or problem identified for my study is the central line bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
Central line bloodstream infections(CLABSI) is a health condition that affects many people.
It occurs when pathogens such as bacteria and other germs invade the patients central line after which they get into the bloodstream.
CLABSI related infections are often serious but they can be successfully managed through appropriate treatment approaches.
Femoral central venous catheters and internal jugular along with subclavian central lines have high risk of getting infected.
As per the survey conducted in 2019 about the central line bloodstream infections, it was found that the infection ratio for the said infections was 0.8 per 1000 central line days. This means that over 250000 people across the world bloodstream infections occur yearly and most of them are associated with the presence of intravascular devices.
2
Identification and description of the clinical issue.
Cont.………
Risk factors for Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)
presence of gastrostomy tube.
ICU placement of central venous catheter.
Immunosuppression.
Antibiotic therapy(Steffens et al., 2019,).
Poor nutrition;
Multiple invasive procedures.
nonoperative cardiovascular disease.
Central line bloodstream infection is associated with numerous predisposing risk factors. From healthcare stats, it can be said that central line catheters are the common causes of health callings linked to CLABSI. However there are many other risk factors that predispose patients to contracting or developing central line bloodstream infections. Contamination may occur within the central line and this may cause central line related illness. Such contamination include; non interact dressing, contaminated infusion, central venous access devices as well as patient's skin flora.
3
How to develop PICOT question for CLABSI
By analyzing the major components of PICOT, that is P-population, patients, or problem at hand, I-interventions required to solve the issue, C- control or alternative interventions to be compared, O-outcome or the objective to be achieved and T-time framework required to achieve desired outcome(Steffens et al., 2019).
This will help formulate questions such as;
Who and what is the issues that need to be addressed?
What is the proposed intervention and actions to remedy the issue?
What is desired outcome?
How much time is required to realized anticipated results?
To come up with PICOT statement of question on the clinical issues that I had chosen I had to analyze all the components of PICOT to identify their meanings so as to develop a questions that meets PICOT guidelines. The analysis of the PICOT components will help develop questions about the what are kind of population or patients affec ...
Clin infect dis. 2016-cao-250-7
Inicio temprano de terapia ARV vs tratamiento prolongado antirretroviral y su impacto sobre los CD8
04.03.20 | COVID-19 and HIV: What We Know and Efforts to Answer What We Don’t...
04.03.20 | COVID-19 and HIV: What We Know and Efforts to Answer What We Don’t...UC San Diego AntiViral Research Center
Stephen Rawlings, MD, PhD
Clinical Fellow
Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San DiegoCLOSTRidium defficile lecture DR MOKHTAR.pptx
review about clostridium deficile and atypical presentation with unexplained leucocytosis
Assessment of serum lipid profile in patients with chronic hepatitis c
This is purely research on Hepatitis C patients
International Journal of Hepatology & Gastroenterology
Background & Objective: Worldwide, nearly 350 and125 million persons have chronic hepatitis B &C virus (HBV& HCV) infections, respectively. This study aimed to bridge the gap between knowledge of HBV & HCV infections and theirs prevalence among pregnant women, through assessing the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge of pregnant women toward HBV & HCV infections.
Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental one, 100 pregnant women were enrolled in the study they were in third trimester. Structured interviewing sheet, laboratory investigations, educational interventions and pre & posttest formats were utilized for the study.
Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19: Ancient Therapy Re-emerged
Convalescent plasma has again re-emerged as a therapy during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks currently use as a prophylactic or an interventional treatment in infected patients. Convalescent plasma has been used in the 20th century confronting different infectious diseases where there was no other therapy available. Conceivably, this convalescent plasma therapy tends to be proving a game-changing treatment in some COVID-19 patients and could support treatment, in addition to the current interventions before other developed therapies are available for the population.
Running head ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1ANALYSIS OF LITERA.docx
Running head: ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1
ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 7
Literature Review
Atsede Iyasu
NRS-490- 0500- Professional Capstone and Practicum
Grand Canyon University
08/11/2019
Analysis of Literature Review
Introduction
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) more so in the ICU seems to be an issue that is challenging hospitals and health care centers. Nurses are the healthcare staffs who are responsible for ensuring that patients do not acquire CAUTI in their stay in the ICU (Mody et al., 2015). There are proven techniques and methods identified to be effective at preventing the catheter associated urinary tract infection. One technique that is highly mentioned in the prevention of CAUTI is strict aseptic technique and hand hygiene. The technique can significantly help nurses reduce CAUTI in intensive care units and lessen the health burden of patients in the intensive care unit (Bradley et al., 2018).
In order to confirm whether the above-mentioned technique is effective at preventing CAUTI, a literature review was carried out. The review touched on these method as well as other known methods or techniques for preventing CAUTI. A total of eight studies were reviewed. All the reviewed studies were on publications made between 2014 and 2018. It is important that the studies reviewed are not over five years old. The above was important as it ensured only relevant and up-to-date information established from the review. Comment by Shanna Foley: Great introduction. Be sure your thesis discusses the purpose of the current paper, not the purpose of your change proposal.
A comparison of the research questions
There were three main research questions that were identified in the studies reviewed. The first main research question identified was whether there was an effective scientific method of preventing CAUTI (Purvis et al., 2014). Five of the studies reviewed were interested in answering whether there is a well-known and established medical interventions or scientific interventions that can effectively prevent CAUTI. All the five studies are driven by the hypothesis that CAUTI can be prevented and treated by given medication and it is for the above reason that all the five studies were seeking to confirm whether medical interventions can effectively prevent the infection.
The second main research question was what is the role of hospitals or health centers in the acquiring of CAUTI? According to a publication done in 2017 by Theobald and his colleagues, Hospital conditions are the primary reasons that patients acquire CAUTI. The conditions being mentioned above include; general hospital cleanliness practices and the handling of patients. The third main research question identified was whether the method of administering and removing the catheter was the main reason that patients were acquiring CAUTI. Three of the studies reviewed seemed to run on the hypothesis that the main reason that CAUTIs are acquir ...
Современное лечение ВИЧ: новые парадигмы в АРТ / Contemporary Management of H...
Набор слайдов c рассмотрением важных вопросов об АРТ первого ряда, арв-препаратами пролонгированного действия и схемами АРТ с двумя препаратами, акцент в публикации на роль новых стратегий.
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality an...
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality an...UC San Diego AntiViral Research Center
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality and challenges
Edward Cachay MD, MAS
February 23rd, 2018
UCSD HIV & Global Health RoundsBioclonetics summary presentation~july 2016
BioClonetics has created proprietary cell lines that produce fully human monoclonal antibodies that target and neutralize infectious diseases including HIV, influenza, tetanus and diphtheria.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Conte...
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Contemporary Management of HIV. Managing HIV in Viral Hepatitis Coinfection.2016
In this downloadable slideset, David L. Wyles, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data and optimal approaches for ART management in patients with HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.85 MB
n engl j med 368;24 nejm.org june 13, 2013 2319s o u n d i.docx
n engl j med 368;24 nejm.org june 13, 2013 2319
s o u n d i n g b o a r d
T h e n e w e n g l a n d j o u r n a l o f m e d i c i n e
How Point-of-Care Testing Could Drive Innovation
in Global Health
Ilesh V. Jani, M.D., Ph.D., and Trevor F. Peter, Ph.D., M.P.H.
The investment in health services in low- and mid-
dle-income countries has increased substantially
in recent years.1 Such investment has been led by
unprecedented efforts to combat major diseases,
enabled by the availability of lower-cost and effec-
tive drug regimens for treatment and prophylaxis,
along with improved vector control. As health
services have expanded, so has the demand for
diagnostic tests that are essential in identifying
patients, determining prognosis, monitoring treat-
ment, and assessing the efficacy of prevention.2
Classic diagnostic technologies are not well
suited to meeting the expanded testing needs.
Laboratory tests require complex infrastructure,
skilled technicians, and a stable supply of elec-
tricity, all of which are scarce, particularly in
nonurban areas. Traditional testing is usually
performed in remote laboratories, which increas-
es the cost and inconvenience of accessing health
care and leads to a high number of patients who
leave the system before a diagnosis is established.3
These limitations are a critical barrier to equity
in health services. Microscopy requires less in-
frastructure and is more widely available, but it
can be inaccurate (e.g., sputum tests for tubercu-
losis) or slow and underutilized (e.g., smear tests
for malaria, schistosomiasis, and other parasitic
infections).4-6 Many patients with tuberculosis or
malaria are simply treated on the basis of a pre-
sumptive clinical diagnosis. Although convention-
al laboratory testing and microscopy will still be
needed, it is expected that faster and more ac-
curate point-of-care diagnostic tests that do not
require laboratory infrastructure will play an in-
creasing role in expanding health care in low- and
middle-income countries.7
T h e S h if t t o w a r d P o in t- o f - C a r e
T e s t in g
Rapid point-of-care testing for diabetes, anemia,
pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
and malaria have long been available and have be-
come common diagnostic tools in both high- and
low-income countries (Fig. 1). The first generation
of point-of-care testing relied on easy-to-detect
biomarkers, such as antibodies, antigens, and sim-
ple biochemical reactions. Such biomarkers are
also increasingly used in point-of-care tests for a
wide range of infectious diseases (e.g., syphilis,
hepatitis, measles, schistosomiasis, and tricho-
moniasis) and for applications such as blood
typing.8-11
A second generation of point-of-care diagnos-
tics is now on the horizon, partly because of re-
cent industry and donor investment. These tests
detect more complex and less accessible biomark-
ers, such as nucleic acids and cell-surface markers,
an.
Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infection: An Epidemiological Study Carried o...
Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infection: An Epidemiological Study Carried o...SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ABSTRACT- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is a major threat to human health. It is caused due to various physiological changes of the urinary tract by the activity of microorganisms. Urinary Tract infections has also been a major type of hospital acquired infection. Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are of various types: Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Blood Stream Infection (BSI), and Surgical Site Infection (SSI) and the most common are Urinary Tract (39%) and Respiratory Tract (20-22%) infection. The main aim of this study was to assess various urine samples collected from patients of the ICU of a tertiary care hospital for microbial growth and create a statistical picture on the contribution of UTI to nosocomial infections. Certain governing factors for UTI like presence of pus cells, epithelial cells, and diabetes mellitus were also kept under consideration along with various patient details like age, sex, primary illness and prior antibiotic treatment. The key findings of the study were: the
mean age of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic UTI was 51 years and people from both genders within the age group of 41-60 were equally susceptible. E. coli was the most common causative organism (35.7%) followed by Citrobacter (21.42%) and Klebsiella (14.28%). Other organisms included Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Candida. The rate of UTI was 56.22/1000 days of catheterization. Most of the organisms isolated were found to be multi drug resistant. UTI has been hence concluded to play a major contribution in nosocomial infections which needs to be controlled by integrating proper monitoring of hospital data and surveillance of hospital acquired urinary tract infection.
Key-words- ICU, Urinary Tract Infection, Center for Disease Control, Multi drug resistant, antibiotics, Microorganism
Pharmacy Essentials for HIV Screening and Management.2019
Pharmacy Essentials for HIV Screening and Management
This downloadable slideset provides an in-depth review of key pharmacy strategies for expanding and supporting safe and effective HIV screening and treatment services to patients at risk of or living with HIV infection.
Jennifer Cocohoba Headshot
Jennifer Cocohoba, PharmD
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File Size: 1.93 MB
Released: January 31, 2019
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV TESTING IN USA
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV TESTING IN USA
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Lab guidelines Govt of India
Provide Quality Healthcare Service to People of India & Beyond - Dr J L Meena
ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS (STUDY OF 50 CASES)
Background: The incidence of abdominal tuberculosis is increasing. Preoperative diagnosis continues to
be the biggest challenge. Diagnosis is established only after histopathological examination. The modes of presentation
and therapeutic options need to be assessed. Objectives: To study the patterns of presentations, the extent of organ
involvement and therapeutic options. Materials and methods: Fifty histopathologically proven cases of abdominal
tuberculosis were studied. In addition, epidemiologic data, clinical patterns of presentation, diagnostic and various
surgical options, including outcomes, were studied. Results: The mortality in the study was 8%. The disease was
commonly seen in 21 to 40 years old and commonly seen in females. HIV positivity, anaemia and hypoproteinaemia
were associated with poor outcomes. Four types of presentations were observed. Diagnostic laparoscopy enabled early
histopathological diagnosis of biopsy specimens. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment Surgery is a significant
adjunct in diagnosing and managing complications. Patients presenting with perforative peritonitis had a poor prognosis
Conclusion: Critical evaluation of chronic abdominal pain is essential. Supportive evidence such as the history of TB or
contact with a patient suffering from TB is highly suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis. Radiological tests are highly
suggestive but not diagnostic. Diagnostic laparoscopy enables tissue diagnosis. Chemotherapy accompanied by surgical
intervention for complications is the mainstay of treatment.
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docx
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docx
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
More Related Content
Similar to PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docx
International Journal of Hepatology & Gastroenterology
Background & Objective: Worldwide, nearly 350 and125 million persons have chronic hepatitis B &C virus (HBV& HCV) infections, respectively. This study aimed to bridge the gap between knowledge of HBV & HCV infections and theirs prevalence among pregnant women, through assessing the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge of pregnant women toward HBV & HCV infections.
Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental one, 100 pregnant women were enrolled in the study they were in third trimester. Structured interviewing sheet, laboratory investigations, educational interventions and pre & posttest formats were utilized for the study.
Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19: Ancient Therapy Re-emerged
Convalescent plasma has again re-emerged as a therapy during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks currently use as a prophylactic or an interventional treatment in infected patients. Convalescent plasma has been used in the 20th century confronting different infectious diseases where there was no other therapy available. Conceivably, this convalescent plasma therapy tends to be proving a game-changing treatment in some COVID-19 patients and could support treatment, in addition to the current interventions before other developed therapies are available for the population.
Running head ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1ANALYSIS OF LITERA.docx
Running head: ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1
ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 7
Literature Review
Atsede Iyasu
NRS-490- 0500- Professional Capstone and Practicum
Grand Canyon University
08/11/2019
Analysis of Literature Review
Introduction
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) more so in the ICU seems to be an issue that is challenging hospitals and health care centers. Nurses are the healthcare staffs who are responsible for ensuring that patients do not acquire CAUTI in their stay in the ICU (Mody et al., 2015). There are proven techniques and methods identified to be effective at preventing the catheter associated urinary tract infection. One technique that is highly mentioned in the prevention of CAUTI is strict aseptic technique and hand hygiene. The technique can significantly help nurses reduce CAUTI in intensive care units and lessen the health burden of patients in the intensive care unit (Bradley et al., 2018).
In order to confirm whether the above-mentioned technique is effective at preventing CAUTI, a literature review was carried out. The review touched on these method as well as other known methods or techniques for preventing CAUTI. A total of eight studies were reviewed. All the reviewed studies were on publications made between 2014 and 2018. It is important that the studies reviewed are not over five years old. The above was important as it ensured only relevant and up-to-date information established from the review. Comment by Shanna Foley: Great introduction. Be sure your thesis discusses the purpose of the current paper, not the purpose of your change proposal.
A comparison of the research questions
There were three main research questions that were identified in the studies reviewed. The first main research question identified was whether there was an effective scientific method of preventing CAUTI (Purvis et al., 2014). Five of the studies reviewed were interested in answering whether there is a well-known and established medical interventions or scientific interventions that can effectively prevent CAUTI. All the five studies are driven by the hypothesis that CAUTI can be prevented and treated by given medication and it is for the above reason that all the five studies were seeking to confirm whether medical interventions can effectively prevent the infection.
The second main research question was what is the role of hospitals or health centers in the acquiring of CAUTI? According to a publication done in 2017 by Theobald and his colleagues, Hospital conditions are the primary reasons that patients acquire CAUTI. The conditions being mentioned above include; general hospital cleanliness practices and the handling of patients. The third main research question identified was whether the method of administering and removing the catheter was the main reason that patients were acquiring CAUTI. Three of the studies reviewed seemed to run on the hypothesis that the main reason that CAUTIs are acquir ...
Современное лечение ВИЧ: новые парадигмы в АРТ / Contemporary Management of H...
Набор слайдов c рассмотрением важных вопросов об АРТ первого ряда, арв-препаратами пролонгированного действия и схемами АРТ с двумя препаратами, акцент в публикации на роль новых стратегий.
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality an...
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality an...UC San Diego AntiViral Research Center
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality and challenges
Edward Cachay MD, MAS
February 23rd, 2018
UCSD HIV & Global Health RoundsBioclonetics summary presentation~july 2016
BioClonetics has created proprietary cell lines that produce fully human monoclonal antibodies that target and neutralize infectious diseases including HIV, influenza, tetanus and diphtheria.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Conte...
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Contemporary Management of HIV. Managing HIV in Viral Hepatitis Coinfection.2016
In this downloadable slideset, David L. Wyles, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data and optimal approaches for ART management in patients with HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.85 MB
n engl j med 368;24 nejm.org june 13, 2013 2319s o u n d i.docx
n engl j med 368;24 nejm.org june 13, 2013 2319
s o u n d i n g b o a r d
T h e n e w e n g l a n d j o u r n a l o f m e d i c i n e
How Point-of-Care Testing Could Drive Innovation
in Global Health
Ilesh V. Jani, M.D., Ph.D., and Trevor F. Peter, Ph.D., M.P.H.
The investment in health services in low- and mid-
dle-income countries has increased substantially
in recent years.1 Such investment has been led by
unprecedented efforts to combat major diseases,
enabled by the availability of lower-cost and effec-
tive drug regimens for treatment and prophylaxis,
along with improved vector control. As health
services have expanded, so has the demand for
diagnostic tests that are essential in identifying
patients, determining prognosis, monitoring treat-
ment, and assessing the efficacy of prevention.2
Classic diagnostic technologies are not well
suited to meeting the expanded testing needs.
Laboratory tests require complex infrastructure,
skilled technicians, and a stable supply of elec-
tricity, all of which are scarce, particularly in
nonurban areas. Traditional testing is usually
performed in remote laboratories, which increas-
es the cost and inconvenience of accessing health
care and leads to a high number of patients who
leave the system before a diagnosis is established.3
These limitations are a critical barrier to equity
in health services. Microscopy requires less in-
frastructure and is more widely available, but it
can be inaccurate (e.g., sputum tests for tubercu-
losis) or slow and underutilized (e.g., smear tests
for malaria, schistosomiasis, and other parasitic
infections).4-6 Many patients with tuberculosis or
malaria are simply treated on the basis of a pre-
sumptive clinical diagnosis. Although convention-
al laboratory testing and microscopy will still be
needed, it is expected that faster and more ac-
curate point-of-care diagnostic tests that do not
require laboratory infrastructure will play an in-
creasing role in expanding health care in low- and
middle-income countries.7
T h e S h if t t o w a r d P o in t- o f - C a r e
T e s t in g
Rapid point-of-care testing for diabetes, anemia,
pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
and malaria have long been available and have be-
come common diagnostic tools in both high- and
low-income countries (Fig. 1). The first generation
of point-of-care testing relied on easy-to-detect
biomarkers, such as antibodies, antigens, and sim-
ple biochemical reactions. Such biomarkers are
also increasingly used in point-of-care tests for a
wide range of infectious diseases (e.g., syphilis,
hepatitis, measles, schistosomiasis, and tricho-
moniasis) and for applications such as blood
typing.8-11
A second generation of point-of-care diagnos-
tics is now on the horizon, partly because of re-
cent industry and donor investment. These tests
detect more complex and less accessible biomark-
ers, such as nucleic acids and cell-surface markers,
an.
Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infection: An Epidemiological Study Carried o...
Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infection: An Epidemiological Study Carried o...SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ABSTRACT- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is a major threat to human health. It is caused due to various physiological changes of the urinary tract by the activity of microorganisms. Urinary Tract infections has also been a major type of hospital acquired infection. Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are of various types: Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Blood Stream Infection (BSI), and Surgical Site Infection (SSI) and the most common are Urinary Tract (39%) and Respiratory Tract (20-22%) infection. The main aim of this study was to assess various urine samples collected from patients of the ICU of a tertiary care hospital for microbial growth and create a statistical picture on the contribution of UTI to nosocomial infections. Certain governing factors for UTI like presence of pus cells, epithelial cells, and diabetes mellitus were also kept under consideration along with various patient details like age, sex, primary illness and prior antibiotic treatment. The key findings of the study were: the
mean age of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic UTI was 51 years and people from both genders within the age group of 41-60 were equally susceptible. E. coli was the most common causative organism (35.7%) followed by Citrobacter (21.42%) and Klebsiella (14.28%). Other organisms included Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Candida. The rate of UTI was 56.22/1000 days of catheterization. Most of the organisms isolated were found to be multi drug resistant. UTI has been hence concluded to play a major contribution in nosocomial infections which needs to be controlled by integrating proper monitoring of hospital data and surveillance of hospital acquired urinary tract infection.
Key-words- ICU, Urinary Tract Infection, Center for Disease Control, Multi drug resistant, antibiotics, Microorganism
Pharmacy Essentials for HIV Screening and Management.2019
Pharmacy Essentials for HIV Screening and Management
This downloadable slideset provides an in-depth review of key pharmacy strategies for expanding and supporting safe and effective HIV screening and treatment services to patients at risk of or living with HIV infection.
Jennifer Cocohoba Headshot
Jennifer Cocohoba, PharmD
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File Size: 1.93 MB
Released: January 31, 2019
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV TESTING IN USA
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV TESTING IN USA
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Lab guidelines Govt of India
Provide Quality Healthcare Service to People of India & Beyond - Dr J L Meena
ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS (STUDY OF 50 CASES)
Background: The incidence of abdominal tuberculosis is increasing. Preoperative diagnosis continues to
be the biggest challenge. Diagnosis is established only after histopathological examination. The modes of presentation
and therapeutic options need to be assessed. Objectives: To study the patterns of presentations, the extent of organ
involvement and therapeutic options. Materials and methods: Fifty histopathologically proven cases of abdominal
tuberculosis were studied. In addition, epidemiologic data, clinical patterns of presentation, diagnostic and various
surgical options, including outcomes, were studied. Results: The mortality in the study was 8%. The disease was
commonly seen in 21 to 40 years old and commonly seen in females. HIV positivity, anaemia and hypoproteinaemia
were associated with poor outcomes. Four types of presentations were observed. Diagnostic laparoscopy enabled early
histopathological diagnosis of biopsy specimens. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment Surgery is a significant
adjunct in diagnosing and managing complications. Patients presenting with perforative peritonitis had a poor prognosis
Conclusion: Critical evaluation of chronic abdominal pain is essential. Supportive evidence such as the history of TB or
contact with a patient suffering from TB is highly suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis. Radiological tests are highly
suggestive but not diagnostic. Diagnostic laparoscopy enables tissue diagnosis. Chemotherapy accompanied by surgical
intervention for complications is the mainstay of treatment.
Similar to PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docx (20)
International Journal of Hepatology & Gastroenterology
International Journal of Hepatology & Gastroenterology
Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19: Ancient Therapy Re-emerged
Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19: Ancient Therapy Re-emerged
Running head ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1ANALYSIS OF LITERA.docx
Running head ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1ANALYSIS OF LITERA.docx
Современное лечение ВИЧ: новые парадигмы в АРТ / Contemporary Management of H...
Современное лечение ВИЧ: новые парадигмы в АРТ / Contemporary Management of H...
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality an...
Hepatitis C elimination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: reality an...
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Conte...
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Conte...
n engl j med 368;24 nejm.org june 13, 2013 2319s o u n d i.docx
n engl j med 368;24 nejm.org june 13, 2013 2319s o u n d i.docx
Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infection: An Epidemiological Study Carried o...
Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infection: An Epidemiological Study Carried o...
Clinical Trial of Homoeopathic Preparations of Amyleum Nitrosum, Azathioprine...
Clinical Trial of Homoeopathic Preparations of Amyleum Nitrosum, Azathioprine...
Pharmacy Essentials for HIV Screening and Management.2019
Pharmacy Essentials for HIV Screening and Management.2019
More from smile790243
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docx
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docx
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docx
PART A:
You will create a media piece based around the theme of “alternative facts.
Fake News:
Create a
series of 3
short, “fake news” articles or news videos. They should follow a specific theme. Make sure to have a clear understanding of WHY your fake news is being created (fake news is used by people, groups, companies, etc to convince an unsuspecting audience of something. It’s supposed to seem real, but the motivation behind it is to deceive. As part of this option, consider what your motivations are for your deception).
Part A: should be around 750 words for written tasks (or 250 for each 3 part task)
PART B:
The focus for this assignment is to demonstrate a
clear understanding of media conventions
, as well as
purpose
and
audience
. Therefore, along with your media product, you’ll also be required to submit a short
reflection
detailing why you created your product and for whom it was intended. You must discuss and analyze the elements within your media product (including why & how you used the persuasive techniques of ethos, logos and pathos) as well as the other elements of media you used and why.
.
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docx
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patient Outcomes
Provide a paragraph summary addressing the topics implications to nursing practice and patient outcomes. This section is NOT another review of the literature or introduction of new topics related to the PICOT question.
You may find if helpful to begin each topic with -
Nurses need to know …
Important patient outcomes include …
Example
– please note this is an older previous students work and so some references are older than 5 years.
Be sure to provide the PICOT question to begin this post.
PICOT Question:
P=Patient Population
I=Intervention
C=Comparison
O=Outcome
T=Time (duration):
In patients in the hospital, (P)
how does frequently provided patient hand washing (I)
compared with patient initiated hand washing (C)
affect hospital acquired infection (O)
within the hospital stay (T)
Implications to Nursing Practice & Patient Outcomes
Nurses need to know that they play a significant role in the reduction of hospital acquired infection by ensuring by health care workers and patients wash hands since nurses have the most interactions with patients. Implementing hand hygiene protocol with patients can enhance awareness and decrease healthcare associated infection (HAI). Both nurses and patients need to know that HAI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well cost of treatment and length of hospital stay. Nurses and patients also need to know that most HAI is preventable. Gujral (2015) notes that proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing prevalence of HAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nurse and patient hand washing plays a vital role in decreasing healthcare costs and infections in all settings.
References
Gujral, H. (2015.) Survey shows importance of hand washing for infection prevention. American Nurse Today, 10 (10), 20. Retrieved from hEp://www.nursingworld.org/AmericanNurseToday
.
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docx
Part A post
your answer to the following question:
1. How might potential reactions to an adolescent’s questioning of their sexual identity, or gender role, impact their social environment, behavior and self-esteem?
2. As social workers, what role can we play in assuring the best outcomes for these adolescents?
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
Part B
post
your answer to the following question:
1. How can social workers work toward assuring the best outcomes for adolescents questioning their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
.
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docx
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When responding to
these posts, please either expand the thought, add additional insights, or
respectfully disagree and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of opinions.
Original Post 1
"What is moral relativism? Why might people be attracted to it? Is
it plausible?"
First of all, moral relativism is the view that moral truths are
subjective and depend on each individual's standpoints. Based
on this, everyone's moral view is legitimate. This can be attracted
because it sounds liberating and there is no need to argue for a
particular position. Moral relativism seems convincing in some
cases. For example, some people are okay with giving money to
homeless people, thinking that it's good to provide for the people
in need. Some people, on the other hand, claim that they can
work to satisfy their own needs. Moral relativism works well in
these cases because they all seem legitimate. However, there are
cases that moral relativism does not seem reasonable. For
example, child sacrifice in some cultures seems cruel and
uncivilized to most people. Hence, moral relativism is not
absolutely true.
Original Post 2
“Is your death bad for you, specifically, or only (at most) for others? Why
might someone claim that it isn’t bad for you?”
I'd start off by acknowledging what the two ancient philosophers,
Lucretius and Epicurus, outlined about death. They made the
point that death isn't necessarily bad for you since no suffering
takes place and that you yourself don't realize your own death. In
this way, one could make the claim that death isn't intrinsically
bad for you.
Another perspective I wanted to add was the influence of death
(both on you and others around you). Specifically, the event of
death itself may not be bad for you, but the idea of impending
death could impact one's life. Some may live freely, totally care-
free, accepting of death and enjoy life in the moment. Others may
be frightened by the idea of death that they live in constant fear
and hence death causing their mental health to take its toll. In
this way, I'd argue that death could, in fact, be bad for you. One
common reason for being afraid of death is the fear of being
forgotten. Not to mention the death of an individual certainly
affects others; death doesn't affect one's life but also all that is
connected to it. Focusing back to the point, it's clear that the
very idea of death directly affects the concerned individual. The
fact that those who live in fear of death are looking for legacies
and footprints to leave after they leave this world is telling of how
death could be arguably bad for you before it even happens.
PART A
Pick one or more questions below and write a substantive post
with >100 words. Please try to provide evidence(s) to support
your idea(s).
Questions:
• Do we have a duty to work out whe.
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docx
Part A (50 Points):
Various men and women throughout history have made important contributions to the development of statistical science. Select any one (1) individual from the list below and write a 2 page summary of their influence on statistics. Be specific in detail to explain the concepts they developed and how this advanced our understanding and application of statistics.
Florence Nightingale
Francis Galton
Thomas Bayes
Part B (50 Points):
Select any one statistical concept you learned in this course and explain how it can be applied to our understanding of the Covid-19 pandemic (2 pages). You should use a specific example and include at least one diagram to illustrate your answer.
Please note: Your work must be original and not copied directly from other sources. No citations are needed. Be sure to submit this assignment in Blackboard on the due date specified.
.
Part A1. K2. D3. N4. C5. A6. O7. F8. Q9. H10..docx
Part A:
1. K
2. D
3. N
4. C
5. A
6. O
7. F
8. Q
9. H
10. M
11. S
12. Y
13. I
14. U
15. X
Part B:
1.
A. UTI is short form for Urinary tract infection. Means infection which affects organs of urinary tract. Such as urethra, urinary bladder and kidney. This are main organ for formation of urine and helps to expel it out of body.
B. Kidneys, urethra and urinary bladder gets affected during Urinary tract infection. Generally infection begins with urethra then travels to kidney.
When only lower part gets affected which is called lower UTI also cystitis because involves bladder
And when infection spread to upper side involving kidneys known as pyelonephritis.
2.
A. Microorganism in UTI
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Coli bacteria lives in intestine. So they also seen near anal canal. From which gets transferred to urethra.
C. Bacteria enters urinary tract from urethra. In very less cases kidney gets infected by blood stream.
3.
Signs and symptoms:
A) Pain with urination:
The infection cause inflammation of urinary tract, the urine from the inflammed urinary tract cause pain in urination.
B) orange or red colour urine:
The inflammation of urinary tract may cause a orange or red colour urine. It is common sign in UTI due to inflammation of urinary tract.
4.
UTI:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) any infection on the urinary tract causing difficult in urination. It most commonly affects the woman because thet are more prone to it.
Diagnosis And treatment:
A) The diagnostic test for UTI:
The two major diagnostic test for UTI are:
Urinalysis:
Urine is collected from the patient who came for test. This test shows the bacterial or any infectious organism in the urine.
The collected urine sample is added to the substance which promotes the growth of the organism in the urine.
If the growth is organism doesn't takes place then the test is negative.
If the organism growth in the urine takes place then the test is positive.
Ultra sound:
The sound waves from the transducer of ultra produce a imaging of the internal organs.
Patient lower abdomen is scanned by ultra sound to detect any abnormality in the organs and structures of urinary tract.
B) The medications for UTI are antibiotics or antimicrobial.
The two drugs are amoxicillin, sulfasulfamethaxazole.
Both of these drugs act on UTI by fighting against the microorganisms in the UTI. By assisting the immune system, it fight against the microorganisms and that relieves the symptoms of UTI.
5.
answer. a) In women at the time of pregnancy the drainage system from the kidney towards bladder become wide, hence, urine does not pass out as quickly. This makes it easier to get an infection. Similarly women has shorter urethra than a man have, the shorter distance make the way easy to bacteria to travel into the bladder.
b) There are no of ways by which women can reduce the risk of getting UTI. Like women should drink plenty of water this will help of getting rid from UTI, a women should protect their urethra .
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docx
Part A:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class using
one
of the following.
Froebel’s cube gift
Froebel’s parquetry gift
Lincoln Logs
Describe the activity that you have developed.
Identify at least two (2) skills that the activity would help develop.
Part B:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class promoting the same skill(s) as the activity above, but develop the activity based on the Montessori method.
Describe the activity that you have developed.
What are at least two key differences between the two activities you developed?
.
Part 3 Social Situations2. Identify multicultural challenges th.docx
Part 3: Social Situations
2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent
refugee.
• What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently
immigrated to a new country?
• Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s
four areas of development?
3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to
assist them in proper develop
Part 3: Social Situations
• Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee.
• Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges.
• 2-3 Pages in length
• APA Formatting
• Submission will be checked for plagiaris
.
Part A (1000 words) Annotated Bibliography - Create an annota.docx
Part A
(1000 words): Annotated Bibliography - Create an annotated bibliography that focuses on ONE particular aspect of current Software Engineering that face a world with different cultural standards. At least seven (7) peer-reviewed articles must be used for this exercise.
Part B
(3000 words):
Research Report
- Write a report of the analysis and synthesis using the
(Part A
) foundational
Annotated Bibliography
.
Part C (500 words): Why is it important to try to minimize complexity in a software system.
Part D (500 words): What are the advantages and disadvantages to companies that are developing software products that use cloud servers to support their development process?
Part E (500 words): Explain why each microservice should maintain its own data. Explain how data in service replicas can be kept consistent?
.
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docx
Part 6: Disseminating Results
Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-slide narrated PowerPoint presentation of your Evidence-Based Project:
· Be sure to incorporate any feedback or changes from your presentation submission in Module 5.
· Explain how you would disseminate the results of your project to an audience. Provide a rationale for why you selected this dissemination strategy.
Points Range: 81 (81%) - 90 (90%)
The narrated presentation accurately and completely summarizes the evidence-based project. The narrated presentation is professional in nature and thoroughly addresses all components of the evidence-based project.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly explains in detail how to disseminate the results of the project to an audience, citing specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly provides a justification that details the selection of this dissemination strategy that is fully supported by specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources related to the dissemination strategy explained. The narrated presentation fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the presentation.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Evidenced Based Change
Leslie Hill
Walden University
Introduction/PurposeChange is inevitable.Health care organizations need change to improve.There are challenges that need to be addressed(Baraka-Johnson et al. 2019).Challenges should be addressed using evidence-based research.These changes enhance professionalism therefore improving quality of care and quality of life.The purpose of this paper is to identify an existing problem in health care and suggest a change idea that would be effective in addressing the problem. The paper also articulates risks associated with the change process, how to distribute the change information and how to implement change successfully.
Organizational CultureThe Organization is a hospice facilityOffers end of life care for pain and symptom managementThe health care providers cu.
Part 3 Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicul.docx
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
.
Part 3 Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that .docx
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who c.docx
Part 2
The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who came to the United States when he was in high school with his father. His mother died back in Mexico when he was in school. He presents today to the PMHNPs office for an initial appointment for complaints of depression. The client was referred by his PCP after “routine” medical work-up to rule out an organic basis for his depression. He has no other health issues except for some occasional back pain and “stiff” shoulders which he attributes to his current work as a laborer in a warehouse. the “Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)” and obtained a score of 51 (indicating severe depression). reports that he always felt like an outsider as he was “teased” a lot for being “black” in high school. States that he had few friends, and basically kept to himself. He also reports a remarkably diminished interest in engaging in usual activities, states that he has gained 15 pounds in the last 2 months. He is also troubled with insomnia which began about 6 months ago, but have been progressively getting worse. He does report poor concentration which he reports is getting in “trouble” at work.
· Decision #1: start Zoloft 25mg orally daily
· Which decision did you select?
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #2: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, reports a 25% decrease in symptoms but concerned over the new onset of erectile dysfunction
*add Augmentin Wellbutrin IR 150mg in the morning
· Why did you select this decision? Support y our response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #3: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, Client stated that depressive symptoms have decreased even more and his erectile dysfunction has abated
· Client reports that he has been feeling “jittery” and sometimes “nervous”
*change to Wellbutrin XL 150mg daily
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
Explain how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.
Conclusion.
Part 2For this section of the template, focus on gathering deta.docx
Part 2:
For this section of the template, focus on gathering details about common, specific learning disabilities. These disabilities fall under the IDEA disability categories you researched for the chart above. Review the textbook and the topic study materials and use them to complete the chart.
Learning Disability Definition Characteristics Common Assessments for Diagnosis Potential Effect on Learning and Other Areas of Life Basic Strategies for Addressing the Disability
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Dyslexia
Dysphasia/Aphasia
Dyspraxia
Language Processing Disorder (LPD)
Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observat.docx
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any.docx
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4-6 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2Data collectionfrom your change study initiative,.docx
Part 2:
Data collection
from your change study initiative, sample, method, display of the results of the data itself, process, and method of analysis (graphs, charts, frequency counts, descriptive statistics of the data, narrative)
Part 3: Interpretation of the results of the Data
Collection and
Analysis, address likely resistance, and provide recommendations for continuing
the study
or evaluating your change study/initiative.
.
Part 2 Financial Statement Analysis A. Based on your financial .docx
Part 2: Financial Statement Analysis
A. Based on your financial statements (from Part 1), calculate the following ratios for the two years. Show all your calculations in good form. Show your formulas. If you use excel, each calculation need to show the excel formula
Current ratio
Quick ratio
Inventory turnover (times)
Average collection period (days)
Total asset turnover (times)
Debt ratio
Times interest earned
Gross profit margin
Net profit margin
Return on total assets
Return on equity
P/E ratio
Return on equity using DuPont Analysis
I have attached Part 1 excel and original data document
My duty is to complete Part 2 (A) in the data document
.
More from smile790243 (20)
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docx
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docx
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docx
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docx
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docx
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docx
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docx
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docx
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docx
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docx
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docx
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docx
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docx
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docx
Part A1. K2. D3. N4. C5. A6. O7. F8. Q9. H10..docx
Part A1. K2. D3. N4. C5. A6. O7. F8. Q9. H10..docx
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docx
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docx
Part 3 Social Situations2. Identify multicultural challenges th.docx
Part 3 Social Situations2. Identify multicultural challenges th.docx
Part A (1000 words) Annotated Bibliography - Create an annota.docx
Part A (1000 words) Annotated Bibliography - Create an annota.docx
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docx
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docx
Part 3 Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicul.docx
Part 3 Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicul.docx
Part 3 Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that .docx
Part 3 Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that .docx
Part 2The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who c.docx
Part 2The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who c.docx
Part 2For this section of the template, focus on gathering deta.docx
Part 2For this section of the template, focus on gathering deta.docx
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observat.docx
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observat.docx
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any.docx
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any.docx
Part 2Data collectionfrom your change study initiative,.docx
Part 2Data collectionfrom your change study initiative,.docx
Part 2 Financial Statement Analysis A. Based on your financial .docx
Part 2 Financial Statement Analysis A. Based on your financial .docx
Recently uploaded
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
This Presentation in details discusses on Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
for studentd in cabridge board
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
Jadual Bertugas kelas dalam bentuk softcopy PowerPoint. Cikgu boleh download >> edit >> print >> laminate. Semoga bermanfaat.
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/4hfk1xwgxnova7f4dm37birdzflj806wOperation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Class 11 CBSE Business Studies Project ( AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE)
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology ......
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docx
- 1. PART A Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008. When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus. Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not? Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself? Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems
- 2. Approach, McGraw Hill PART B Summary: Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses. 1. Precisely what is microbial death? 2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent? 3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording? 4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.