A piece of comprehensive and quality information on the topic zoonoses.

1. Zoonoses
Maira Jabeen
L1F18BSFT0021

2. What is Zoonoses?
A disease that can be
transmitted from animals to
people or, more specifically, a
disease that normally exists in
animals but that can infect
humans.

3. According to latest
facts and figures!!!
 The World Health
Organization (WHO)
estimates that 61 percent
of all human diseases are
zoonotic in origin.
 While 75 percent of new
diseases discovered in the
last decade are zoonotic.

4. Animals which are involved in transmitting Zoonoses
Farm Animals
Cattle
Goats
Cats
Poultry
Dogs
Swine
Wild Animals
Ticks
Squirrels
Raccoons
Mice
Rodents
Fox

5. How zoonotic diseases are transmitted?
Every day contact with animals
Through by-products (feces/urine)
Scratches or bite of animals
From milk and milking animals
Through contaminated soils

6. Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a zoonosis, a disease
transmitted to humans from animals or animal
products. Most often, carcasses or meat are
contaminated by Campylobacter from feces
during slaughtering.
Symptoms:
Stomach ache, Nausea, Diarrhea and Headache.
Carriers of Campylobacter:
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Dogs
Poultry etc.

7. Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an important zoonotic disease.
This type of disease is transmitted from animals
to humans through several ways, among which
the most important are through mosquito bite
or through the bites of tick.
Symptoms:
Lethargy, Headache, fever and disorientation.
Carriers of Encephalitis:
Horse
Rodents
Mosquitos etc.

8. Rabies
Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus.
The virus is spread through the saliva of infected
animals. Infected animals can spread the virus by
biting another animal or a person. Rabies is also
transmitted through contact with infected tissue,
fluids or feces.
Symptoms:
Fever, Headache, excessive salivation, seizures and
agitation.
Carriers of Rabies:
 Dog
 Cat
 Fox
 Bat
 Raccoon etc.

9. Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease which
causes infection to humans. Cats plays an
important role in the spread of toxoplasmosis.
This type of infection is generally transmitted by
the intake of infected meat and through fecal
contaminated soil.
Symptoms:
Fever, Mental retardation, Abortion, Stillbirth
and swollen nodes.
Carriers of toxoplasmosis:
Cats
Sheep etc.

10. Psittacosis
Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease also known as
parrot fever or ornithosis, it is transmitted to
humans through Secretions, inhalation from
infected birds, carcasses etc.
Symptoms:
Pneumonia, Fever, headache etc.
Carriers of psittacosis:
Pigeons
Parrots
Turkeys
Parakeets etc.

11. Salmonellosis
Infection with salmonella is one of our most
common and important zoonoses. This disease
is transmitted through direct contact with
animal or feces or through ingesting
contaminated food.
Symptoms:
Fever, headache, chills, vomiting and Diarrhea.
Carriers of salmonellosis:
Cattle
Cats
Dogs
Horse
Poultry etc.

12. Prevention and control

13. Avoid contact with diseased animals
Dispose of carcasses properly.
Wear appropriate clothing and gloves.
Spray dead animals before moving
them.
Dispose of animals according to law.
Treat livestock that salivate as if they
have rabies.
Wash your hands after handling or
cleaning up after animals.

14. Prevent Food Contamination
Avoid unpasteurized milk .
Never defrost meat on the shelf.
Wash raw fruits and vegetables.
Use separate utensils for raw/cooked
meat.
Always cook food properly.
Always drink pasteurized milk.

15. Leftovers
Store food in appropriate airtight
containers.
Set refrigerator temp to 40 and
freezer to 0.
Refrigerate leftovers immediately.
Never leave food out for more than 2
hours.

16. Cooking Guidelines
Avoid foods with partially cooked
eggs.
Fish should be white and flaky.
Do not eat semi cooked food.

17. Treat Animal Scratches and bites seriously!
Wash area with soap and water.
Apply anti-bacterial medication.
Bandage wound.
Consider medical attention.