The document discusses echolocation in bats. Echolocation is a process where bats emit sounds and listen to the echoes to locate objects. It was discovered in 1938 by Donald Griffin through experiments with bats. Bats use echolocation to hunt for food as they can detect objects as thin as a human hair. While bats can see, echolocation is more important for finding insects and other small prey in the dark. Bats fulfill important ecological roles by pollinating plants, eating large amounts of insects, and spreading seeds.

3. Introduction
What is Echolocation?
• Echolocation is the location of objects by
reflected sound in particular that used by
animals such as dolphin and bats .
• Echolocation is also called biosonar.

4. principle
• Echolocation is the same as active sonar, using sounds
made by the animal itself. Ranging is done by measuring
the time delay between the animal's own sound emission
and any echoes that return from the environment.
History The term echolocation was coined by
the American zoologist Donald Griffin,
whose work with Robert Galambos was
the first to convincingly demonstrate its
existence in bats in 1938.

5. Is bat blind?
Most bats regularly eat flying insects.
Bat’s can see as well as humans, but
echolocation is much more important to them
then eyesight for finding food.
Bat’s echolocation is so precise that it can
detect an object the width of a human hair .
Mother bats who are feeding their babies may
catch and eat up to 4500 insects in one night.

7. What do bats eat?
 Fruit-eating bats prefer ripe fruit.
 Some bats pick up pollen for food.
 Meat eating bats use vision ,echolocation and
sounds from their prey to help locate their food.
 Fishing bats grab little fish out of the water with their
claws .
 Most vampire bats drink the blood of birds.
 Seventy percent of bats eat insects.

8. We need bats
• 1. Just like bees and butterflies, tropical bats
can transfer pollen as they fly from plant to
plant. The seeds of the fruit are dropped by
the bats as they are flying this reseeds large
areas of land
• 2. Most bats fly at night. Many eat half their
weight in insects like mosquitoes in an hour. A
colony can eat 6,000 tons of insects in one
year.

9. Reference
• Modern text book of zoology VERTEBRATES
R.L. KOTPAL
• https://www.ecolocation.org.uk