The document discusses whether the strong CP problem can be solved in the free-fermionic string theory setting. It explains that axions are the most promising solution to the strong CP problem and describes how axions arise in string compactifications, with two types of axions present - the model-independent axion and the Peccei-Quinn type axion. It then discusses how the strong CP problem and axion decay constant problem are addressed in the free-fermionic setting, where the global anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry generates a U(1)A axion through spontaneous symmetry breaking via the Dine-Seiberg-Witten mechanism.
COHESIVE ENERGY AND SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS OF HEAVY METAL HALIDES AND SOME C...ijceronline
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All of material inside is un-licence, kindly use it for educational only but please do not to commercialize it.
Based on 'ilman nafi'an, hopefully this file beneficially for you.
Thank you.
COHESIVE ENERGY AND SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS OF HEAVY METAL HALIDES AND SOME C...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
All of material inside is un-licence, kindly use it for educational only but please do not to commercialize it.
Based on 'ilman nafi'an, hopefully this file beneficially for you.
Thank you.
I am Grey N. I am a Chemistry Assignment Expert at eduassignmenthelp.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Chemistry, from Calgary, Canada. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 6 years. I solve assignments related to Chemistry.
Visit eduassignmenthelp.com or email info@eduassignmenthelp.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Chemistry Assignments.
Invited Seminar
VIA Astroparticle Physics Forum Seminar COSMOVIA
06/06/2020
Author: O.M. Lecian
Speaker: O.M. Lecian
Title: About Fractons: further investigations- several models
http://viavca.in2p3.fr/2010c_o_s_m_o_v_i_a__forum_sd24fsdf4zerfzef4ze5f4dsq34sdteerui45788789745rt7yr68t4y54865h45g4hfg56h45df4h86d48h48t7uertujirjtiorjhuiofgrdsqgxcvfghfg5h40yhuyir/viewtopic.php?f=73&t=3705&sid=c56cbf76f87536fc4c3ff216d9edaba2
JEE Physics/ Lakshmikanta Satapathy/ Simple harmonic motion QA part 6/ Question on amplitude of SHM determined from its total energy solved with the related concepts
Application of Schrodinger Equation to particle in one Dimensional Box: Energ...limbraj Ravangave
It is very interesting application of Schrodinger equation.. we find the solution to Schrodinger equation for particle moving under some type of interaction. the motion of particle in one dimensional box is to and fro motion in uniform potential. the problem is explore in easy way and better for understanding to the students.
visit our blog
https://elearnerphysics.blogspot.com/
What is a continuous structure?
How to analyse the vibration of string, bars and shafts?
How to analyse the vibration of beams?
#WikiCourses
https://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic+Vibration+of+Continuous+Structures
https://eau-esa.wikispaces.com/Vibration+of+structures
The slides are designed for my guided study in MSc CUHK.
It is about the brief description on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics .
Some Slides I got from the slideshare clipboards for better illustration of the ideas in Physics. Thanks to slideshare, I make a milestone on presenting one of the prominent fields in modern physics.
Entanglement Behavior of 2D Quantum ModelsShu Tanaka
I gave an oral presentation at YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014).
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
This presentation is based on the following papers.
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
Preprint version are available via
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
京都大学基礎物理学研究所で開催されたワークショップ、"YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014)"で口頭講演を行いました。
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
本発表は以下の論文に基づいています。
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
プレプリントバージョンは、以下のサイトから閲覧できます。
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
MTH101 - Calculus and Analytical Geometry- Lecture 44Bilal Ahmed
Virtual University
Course MTH101 - Calculus and Analytical Geometry
Lecture No 44
Instructor's Name: Dr. Faisal Shah Khan
Course Email: mth101@vu.edu.pk
I am Grey N. I am a Chemistry Assignment Expert at eduassignmenthelp.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Chemistry, from Calgary, Canada. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 6 years. I solve assignments related to Chemistry.
Visit eduassignmenthelp.com or email info@eduassignmenthelp.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Chemistry Assignments.
Invited Seminar
VIA Astroparticle Physics Forum Seminar COSMOVIA
06/06/2020
Author: O.M. Lecian
Speaker: O.M. Lecian
Title: About Fractons: further investigations- several models
http://viavca.in2p3.fr/2010c_o_s_m_o_v_i_a__forum_sd24fsdf4zerfzef4ze5f4dsq34sdteerui45788789745rt7yr68t4y54865h45g4hfg56h45df4h86d48h48t7uertujirjtiorjhuiofgrdsqgxcvfghfg5h40yhuyir/viewtopic.php?f=73&t=3705&sid=c56cbf76f87536fc4c3ff216d9edaba2
JEE Physics/ Lakshmikanta Satapathy/ Simple harmonic motion QA part 6/ Question on amplitude of SHM determined from its total energy solved with the related concepts
Application of Schrodinger Equation to particle in one Dimensional Box: Energ...limbraj Ravangave
It is very interesting application of Schrodinger equation.. we find the solution to Schrodinger equation for particle moving under some type of interaction. the motion of particle in one dimensional box is to and fro motion in uniform potential. the problem is explore in easy way and better for understanding to the students.
visit our blog
https://elearnerphysics.blogspot.com/
What is a continuous structure?
How to analyse the vibration of string, bars and shafts?
How to analyse the vibration of beams?
#WikiCourses
https://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic+Vibration+of+Continuous+Structures
https://eau-esa.wikispaces.com/Vibration+of+structures
The slides are designed for my guided study in MSc CUHK.
It is about the brief description on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics .
Some Slides I got from the slideshare clipboards for better illustration of the ideas in Physics. Thanks to slideshare, I make a milestone on presenting one of the prominent fields in modern physics.
Entanglement Behavior of 2D Quantum ModelsShu Tanaka
I gave an oral presentation at YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014).
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
This presentation is based on the following papers.
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
Preprint version are available via
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
京都大学基礎物理学研究所で開催されたワークショップ、"YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014)"で口頭講演を行いました。
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
本発表は以下の論文に基づいています。
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
プレプリントバージョンは、以下のサイトから閲覧できます。
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
MTH101 - Calculus and Analytical Geometry- Lecture 44Bilal Ahmed
Virtual University
Course MTH101 - Calculus and Analytical Geometry
Lecture No 44
Instructor's Name: Dr. Faisal Shah Khan
Course Email: mth101@vu.edu.pk
Describes the general solutions of Electromagnetic Maxwell Equations.
Intended or Graduate Students in Science (math, physics, engineering) with previous knowledge in electromagnetics.
Please send me comments and suggestions for improvements to solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
More presentations can be found in my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
What is different about life? it is inherited oberwolfach march 7 1 2018Bob Eisenberg
What is different about life? Why do life sciences require different science and mathematics? I address these issues starting from the obvious: all of life is inherited from genes. Twenty thousand genes of say 30 atoms each control an animal of ~1e25 atoms. How is that possible? Answer: the structures of life form a hierarchy of devices that allow handfuls of atoms to control everything. A nerve signal involves meters of nerve but is controlled by a few atoms. Indeed, potassium and sodium differ only in the diameter of the atoms. Life depends on this difference in diameter. Sodium and potassium are otherwise identical. The task of the biological scientist is first to identify the hierarchy of devices and what they do. Then we want to know how the devices work. We want to understand life well enough to improve its devices, in disease and technology.
Coexistence of Superconductivity and Itinerant Ferromagnetism in Ucogeijrap
The coexistence of BCS superconductivity and itinerant ferromagnetism in uranium based intermetallic systems is analyzed using a Hubbard Hamiltonian. To obtain the superconducting transition
temperatureTC and Curie temperatureTFM , we used the Green’s function method. The order parameter of superconductivity ( ∆ ) and ferromagnetism ( m or I) are obtained in the mean field approximation. It is found that there generally exist coexistent solutions to coupled equations of the order parameter in the temperature range ( ) T TC TFM 0 < < min , . In our model, ferromagnetism is itinerant and therefore carried by the conduction electrons. This arises from a splitting of the spin-up and spin- down band. A consequence is that the ferromagnetism and superconductivity is carried by same electrons. Expressions for specific heat, energy spectra and density of states are derived. The specific heat has linear temperature dependence as opposed to that of the exponential decrease in the BCS theory. The density of states for a finite magnetic order parameter increases as opposed to that of a ferromagnetic metal. The theory is
applied to explain the observations in uranium based intermetallic compoundUCoGe . The agreement between theory and experiments is quite encouraging.
Coexistence of Superconductivity and Itinerant Ferromagnetism in Ucoge ijrap
The coexistence of BCS superconductivity and itinerant ferromagnetism in uranium based intermetallic
systems is analyzed using a Hubbard Hamiltonian. To obtain the superconducting transition
temperatureTC
and Curie temperatureTFM , we used the Green’s function method. The order parameter of
superconductivity ( ∆ ) and ferromagnetism ( m or I) are obtained in the mean field approximation. It is
found that there generally exist coexistent solutions to coupled equations of the order parameter in the
temperature range ( ) T TC TFM 0 < < min , . In our model, ferromagnetism is itinerant and therefore
carried by the conduction electrons. This arises from a splitting of the spin-up and spin- down band. A
consequence is that the ferromagnetism and superconductivity is carried by same electrons. Expressions
for specific heat, energy spectra and density of states are derived. The specific heat has linear temperature
dependence as opposed to that of the exponential decrease in the BCS theory. The density of states for a
finite magnetic order parameter increases as opposed to that of a ferromagnetic metal. The theory is
applied to explain the observations in uranium based intermetallic compoundUCoGe . The agreement
between theory and experiments is quite encouraging.
Presentation of the results of one of my research projects (probing Quantum Coherence in Chains of Superconducting Qubits) for the yearly conference of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellshcaft in Dresden, Germany, in March 2011.
NANO106 is UCSD Department of NanoEngineering's core course on crystallography of materials taught by Prof Shyue Ping Ong. For more information, visit the course wiki at http://nano106.wikispaces.com.
The First Order Stark Effect In Hydrogen For $n=3$
YTF 2014 - JM ASHFAQUE
1. Can The Strong CP Problem Be Solved In The
Free-Fermionic Setting?
Young Theorists’ Forum 2014
Johar M. Ashfaque
University of Liverpool
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
2. What Is The Strong CP Problem?
The SU(3) gauge theory allows a CPV interaction term of the form
LCP =
θαs
32π2
˜GµνGµν
to be added to the QCD Lagrangian which contributes to the
neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM).
Note.
θ ≡ θ0 + θweak
with θ0 being the angle given above the electroweak scale and
θweak is the value introduced by the electroweak CP violation.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
3. What Is The Strong CP Problem?
The current bound on the nEDM is
|dN| < 2.9 × 10−26
e cm
so that
|θ| < 10−10
rad
which is a strikingly small value for a dimensionless natural
constant given that the CP violating phase, θ, in the CKM mixing
matrix is of order one.
This smallness of θ despite the large amount of CP violation in the
weak sector is known as the strong CP problem.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
4. Solutions To The Strong CP Problem
Axions are important because they are the most promising solution
to the Strong CP problem.
Other solutions are ruled out or disfavoured by phenomenology:
Calculable θ - The Nelson-Barr Mechanism (mimics
CKM-type CP violation)
Up Quark Mass Vanishing - Weinberg’s famous up-down
quark mass ratio
Z =
mu
md
=
5
9
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
5. What Are Axions?
Axions are the quanta of the axion field, a(x), which is the phase
of the PQ complex scalar field after the spontaneously breaking of
the PQ symmetry gives it an absolute value fa.
Simply put axions are pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons
related to the spontaneous breaking of the anomalous U(1)
global symmetry.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
6. Axions in String Theory
It is well-known that axions arise in string compactifications.
There are two axions in superstring models. One is the
model-independent axion (MI axion) and the other is the
Peccei-Quinn type one (PQ axion) namely the global anomalous
U(1).
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
7. Cosmological Bound & The Axion Decay Constant
It is a well known fact that large fa especially
fa > 1012
GeV
means axion energy density
ρa > ρcritical
and therefore is unacceptable.
The Axion Decay Constant Window is
109−10
GeV < fa < 1012
GeV.
fa smaller than 109−10 GeV, will couple very weakly and fa greater
than 1012 GeV, will couple too strongly.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
8. The Model-Independent Axion: References
Anomaly Cancellations In Supersymmetric D = 10 Gauge Theory
And Superstring Theory,
Phys. Lett. 149B (1984),
M. B. Green, J. H. Schwarz
Harmful Axions In Superstring Models,
Phys. Lett. 154B (1985),
K. Choi, J. E. Kim
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
9. The Model-Independent Axion
In the Neveu-Schwarz sector, in four dimensions, there is always an
antisymmetric tensor field
Bµν, µ, ν = 0, ...3,
which has one physical degree of freedom and is crucial for
anomaly cancellation, the gauge-invariant field strength for which
is given by
H = dB + ω3L − ω3YM, dH =
1
16π2
(Tr R ∧ R − Tr F ∧ F)
giving rise to a single scalar field in four dimensions with axion-like
couplings.
The Model-Independent Axion Is Present In All Superstring
Models Due To The Presence Of The Coupling.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
10. The Axion Decay Constant Problem: Choi & Kim
Ma = 8π2
Ma ⇒ Ma =
Ma
8π2
and
Ma =
MPl
12
√
π
5.64 × 1017
The first relation gives
g2φ
κ2
=
M2
Pl
8π
which, upon substitution into the second relation, yields
M 2
a =
M2
Pl
144π
⇒ Ma =
1
8π2
·
MPl
12
√
π
⇒ Ma 7.15 × 1015
GeV
clearly violating the cosmological energy density upper bound on fa.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
11. The U(1)A Axion
The U(1)A axion is present in all the models in the free-fermionic
setting which arises as the Nambu-Goldstone boson of the global
anomalous U(1) in the theory. It is a formal linear combination of
the U(1)s in the gauge symmetry of the theory.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
12. The Free-Fermionic Setting
A general boundary condition basis vector is of the form
α = ψ1,2
, χi
, yi
, ωi
|yi
, ωi
, ψ
1,..,5
, η1,2,3
, φ
1,..,8
where i = 1, ..., 6
ψ
1,..,5
- SO(10) gauge group
φ
1,..,8
- SO(16) gauge group
I. Antoniadis, C.P. Bachas,
4D Fermionic Superstrings With Arbitrary Twists
Nuclear Physics B (1988), Volume 298, Issue 3, Page 586.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
13. The Observable Gauge Group - SO(10)
Edi Halyo (EH): The Standard-Like Model
SO(10) → SU(3)C × SU(2)L × U(1)Y × U(1)Z
where
U(1)Y =
1
3
U(1)C +
1
2
U(1)L
U(1)Z = U(1)C − U(1)L
Antoniadis, Leontaris, Rizos (ALR): The Pati-Salam Model
SO(10) → SO(6) × SO(4)
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
14. The Hidden Gauge Group - SO(16)
EH: The Standard-Like Model
SO(16) → SU(5) × SU(3) × U(1)2
ALR: The Pati-Salam Model
SO(16) → SU(8) × U(1)
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
15. The Global Anomalous U(1) & Traces
EH: The Standard-Like Model
U(1)A = 2(U(1)1 +U(1)2 +U(1)3)−(U(1)4 +U(1)5 +U(1)6)
with
Tr U(1)A = 180
Note. In this case the U(1)A is color-anomalous. That is
Tr[SU(3)2
ObsU(1)A] = 0.
ALR: The Pati-Salam Model
U(1)A = U(1)1 − U(1)2 − U(1)3, Tr U(1)A = 72.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
16. Aside
EH went on to show that the U(1)A axion is also a harmful one
that is
Tr[SU(5)2
Hid U(1)A] = 0,
Tr[SU(3)2
Hid U(1)A] = 0.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
17. The Dine-Seiberg-Witten Mechanism
The cancellation mechanism generates a large Fayet-Iliopoulos
D-term for the anomalous U(1)A which would break
supersymmetry and destabilize the vacuum. However, in all known
instances one can give VEVs to scalar fields charged under U(1)A
along the F- and D- flat directions to cancel the Fayet-Iliopoulos
D-term and restore supersymmetry.
Basically, we want
i Qi
A| φi |2 < 0.
Note. In general, all the local and global U(1)s will be
spontaneously broken by the DSW mechanism.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
18. The Fayet-Iliopoulos D-Terms
The general form of the anomalous D-term is
DA =
i
Qi
A|φi |2
+
g2eΦD
192π2
Tr QA
EH: The Standard-Like Model
⇒ i Qi
A| φi |2(= −15g2
16π2 ) < 0
ALR: The Pati-Salam Model
⇒ i Qi
A| φi |2(= −3g2
8π2 ) < 0
The scalar VEVs resulting from these are at the scale
M
10
∼ 1017
GeV.
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology
19. Within the setting of String-Derived Models
Exploring Hidden Sector Gauge Groups and Dark Matter
Axion-Photon-Photon Coupling Computation
Johar M. Ashfaque String Phenomenology - University of Liverpool