As you might have guessed, this isn't finished.

1. York and Audience Research
Joe Duffy

2. Possible Ideas
Kurzgesagt Style Animal and Plant Style Facts Slide in next to being
Animal Art (Mark Hearld) made to move Monty Python-esque
Need Animal and York Art along with Artist Background probably which would need
to be associated with York
How I would animate it and make it interesting and clear on it’s intentions.
Whether it would appeal to the fairly young audience it’s been set for.
Bibliography (More like Website links):
https://www.yorkmuseumgardens.org.uk/about/animals/
https://www.discoverwildlife.com/holidays-days-out/great-places-to-see-wildlife-in-
york/
https://www.google.com/search?q=Mark+Hearld+York+Animals&safe=strict&sxsrf=A
CYBGNT8uidgE8PzLSrPkD7VoT7lY6lU0A:1568889646877&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS4d-
w2dzkAhU6UxUIHU_nBKYQ_AUIESgB&biw=1652&bih=917#imgrc=YSNwIwe6sjOliM:
https://www.ywt.org.uk/wildlife-explorer/mammals
https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/wood/26405/askham-bog/
https://www.yorkopenstudios.co.uk/artist/mark-hearld

3. Creation of the City
The true creation of York as a city is based with the Romans.
It was founded in 71AD when 5,000 men of the Roman
Empire marched here and set up camp. It was then that
Eboracum, which the Romans named York originally, was
made.
Anon. (2014). Roman Timeline: History of York. Available:
http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/timeline/roman. Last accessed 19th Sept 2019.

4. Landmarks – The York Minster
The Minster is seen as York’s most famous
landmarks, being the largest ancient Gothic
cathedral in Northern Europe. As it is the
most famous of the city’s areas, the building
gets up to 2 million visitors per year from all
over the world. The 72m tall and 160m long
building was completed in 1472, taking 200
years to build from 1220. However the site’s
true origin would go 2,000 years before that
in 627 when a wooden church was created to
baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria. Parts of
the building that were adapted during its
creation include the Rose Window located on
the Southern Tower that commemorates the
end if the War of the Roses, and more
recently in 1984 after a lightning strike
burned off the Southern Roof, metal sheets
were placed in its stead.
Anon. (2018). A Brief History of York Minster. Available:
https://www.citi-wise.com/york/landmarks-and-history/brief-
history-of-york-minster/. Last accessed 24th Sept 2019.

5. Landmarks – Clifford’s Tower
The Motte and Bailey style castle Clifford’s Tower was
originally built by William the Conqueror’s men in 1068,
as a statement of his power and control in his newly
conquered area. While the original wooden building
stood for just over a century, but in 1190 one of York’s
bloodiest tragedies took place when 150 Jews were
burned within the castle, causing the fragile building to
burn alongside them. For the second version the
mound was raised to the current height, but the castle
was destroyed once again by a gale in 1245. Due to
mounting pressure from the Scots, the current stone
version was made to stay. Commissioned by Henry the
Third, a new and still unique “quatrefoil” design was
used to fortify the building. The last time the castle was
in serious danger of destruction was in 1596, when the
Jailer took parts of the building to sell off. Eventually the
Council put a stop to his antiques and over the next 200
years, the Castle was used in the Civil War and as a
Prison in the 1820’s.
Anon. (2019). Clifford's Tower. Available:
http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/norman/clifford-s-tower. Last accessed 24th
Sept 2019.
Anon. (2019). Clifford's Tower, York. Available: https://www.english-
heritage.org.uk/visit/places/cliffords-tower-
york/?&gclsrc=aw.ds&&gclid=CjwKCAjw2qHsBRAGEiwAMbPoDFTePfwN6eG87BQKihZ1iL
u97j0rXQWkHzQGAnqqJaG5gGm9MVTbTRoChXEQAvD_BwE. Last accessed 24th Sept
2019.

6. Landmarks – The Shambles
One of the most unique streets in the City,
the Shambles is perhaps the best kept
medieval street in the world. The street was
actually mentioned within the Doomsday
Book of 1086, which was given to William the
Conqueror. Most of the buildings that stand
today are guessed to have been built in
around 1350 to 1475. The street was made
up of mostly Butchers, and even the regular
houses had slaughterhouses at the back,
ready for a fresh supply of meat. Meat was
hung outside the stores, and some of the
hooks still remain to this day. As there was no
modern way of cleaning, the street was
especially made so that blood could be
drained down the road twice a week. The
buildings overhanging appearance did serve
a practical purpose at that time, protecting
the clay and straw lower walls, as well as
protecting the meat from direct sunlight.
Anon. (2019). The Shambles. Available:
http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/medieval/the-shambles. Last
accessed 24th Sept.

7. Landmarks – The City Walls
The City Walls of York are the most complete
example of Medieval city walls in all of England
today. A mixture of different time periods have
added or taken away parts of the wall, but the oldest
parts that remain today are Roman, dating back to
around 71AD. The original walls survived until 866,
when York was invaded by Vikings who built a bank
up around most of the walls and placed wooden
fortification at the top to replace the Roman
sections. A majority of today’s stone walls that
replaced the Vikings wooden palisade was made in
the 13th and 14th century. Due to the Walls severe
damage, in the 19th century the council decided to
take down the infrastructure so they could expand
the city easily. However, with a large outcry, the
council decided against it. Unfortunately, it was too
late to preserve all the walls, with parts of three out
of four gateways, like Micklegate, having their
barbicans ripped out, five towers being destroyed
and 300 yards of the wall abolished. Since the mid-
nineteenth century, the Walls have been maintained
for public access.
Anon. (2019). The York City Walls. Available: http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/the-york-city-walls. Last
accessed 24th Sept 2019.
Anon. (2019). York city walls. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_city_walls. Last accessed
24th Sept 2019.

8. Population
York’s 2011 census brings the population to 198,051. From that
number, 101,797 of the people are women whilst the
remaining 96,254 are made up of men. This shows that the
female population far outnumbers the male. Perhaps this is
due to the average life expectancy of women being 83 to the
men’s 79 years expected, therefore keeping the women
population higher.
Anon. (2019). York Population 2019. Available: http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-
cities/york-population/. Last accessed 19th Sept 2019.
Anon. (2019). Health and wellbeing in York's wards. Available:
https://www.york.gov.uk/info/20125/health_and_wellbeing/1787/health_and_wellbeing_i
n_yorks_wards. Last accessed 19th Sept 2019.

9. Pollution
From the 1950’s 1970’s, the amount of smog created by coal fires and burning the fossil
fuel for other purposes caused a lot of disease and death. While London had a terrible
death toll, York also suffered an over abundance of sulphur dioxide, burning the lungs.
However when ‘the Clean Air Act UK’ was initiated, by the time 2015 came around,
sulphur dioxide emissions had fallen by 96%. Since the coal pollution was lessened,
York’s air improved so that the sky cleared up and houses in the city therefore increased
in value because of the fresher air. Homes that were around £1,000 in 1970 would now
be over £200,000. However pollution is on the rise again, now because of cars
producing a lot of nitrogen oxide and particles that penetrate deep in the lungs. In
2012, the City’s Council estimated between 94 and 163 people died prematurely from
traffic pollution.
According to the World Health Organization's 2018 report, York has worse pollution
than London. While the report takes the largeness of the area into account, so York has
a more concentrated pollution, the statement still shows how badly the emissions from
vehicles and other machines have effected the City and it’s people.
Beacon, G. (2018). 'York air pollution is a killer – it’s time for a clean up'. Available:
https://www.yorkmix.com/york-air-pollution-is-a-killer-its-time-for-a-clean-up/. Last accessed 19th Sept 2019.
Anon. (2018). York is named as one of the most polluted cities in Britain. Available:
https://www.yorkmix.com/york-is-named-as-one-of-the-most-polluted-cities-in-britain/. Last accessed 19th
Sept 2019.

10. Statistics of Households
In York there are currently 83,552 homes. In that amount only
26,903 of those claim to be married, while unmarried couples
make up 9,173 with 136 same sex marriage households making
up the rest of homes with relationships. Single parent houses
are on the rise, currently making up 7,288 of all families in York.
The remaining 7,455 households are made of other more minor
forms.
Those houses closest to the city centre would appear to be over
£1,000,000 with a definite increase for the properties situated
by the River Ouse.
Anon. (2019). York Population 2019. Available: http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-
cities/york-population/. Last accessed 19th Sept 2019.
Anon. (2019). Properties For Sale in York, North Yorkshire. Available:
https://www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/York.html. Last accessed 19th Sept 2019.

11. Nature
Despite York’s reputation as a purely historical area, with
its city centre as the main attraction, York does have
areas of natural beauty. While Pigeons of course take up a
large residence of the city, more diverse creatures inhabit
York. The Museum Gardens for instance, has a catalogue
of over 40 species of birds to go along the pigeon. Among
these are the Dunnock, Blue Tit and Robin. There are also
an abundance of insects within the garden, primarily of
butterflies and moths. The most important creature
would be the Tansy Beetle, literally only living along the
banks of York, and having a dazzling appearance with
bright, shiny green wing shells and heads. The Mammals
who take home here include the squirrel, hedgehog and
on rare occasion, the Fox.
But when it comes to Askham Bog, the diversity of
creatures in extremely expansive. Due to its mixture of
forest, grassland and ponds, a variety of creatures can
find home here. Noteworthy birds include the Tawny Owl,
Kingfisher, Great Spotted Woodpecker and Sparrowhawk.
Large amounts of vegetation like the Royal Fern give
home to Roe Deer and Foxes are common, along with
Frogs and Newts taking home in the water. Water Voles
used to live in these areas until they were overrun by
American Minks, but they are hoped to make a return
soon. The Dragonfly is also a popular insect to see and is
easy to find here during the Summer.
Anon. (2019). Animals, Birds and Insects. Available: https://www.yorkmuseumgardens.org.uk/about/animals/. Last
accessed 20th Sept 2019.
Anon. (2019). Askham Bog. Available: https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/wood/26405/askham-bog/. Last
accessed 20th Sept 2019.
Leadley, J. (2015). Askham Bog YWT. Available: http://yorkbirding.org.uk/sites/askham-bog/. Last accessed 20th Sept 2019.

12. Art
York Gallery
https://www.yorkmuseumstrust.org.uk/about-
us/our-venues/york-art-gallery/
The York Gallery was built in 1879 for the second
Yorkshire Fine Art and Industrial Exhibition,
becoming the official Gallery in 1892. The Gallery
holds work from a span of over 600 years, from 14th
century Italian works to 17th century Dutch pieces. Victorian art
is also displayed along with 20th century work from famous artists like LS
Lowry and David Hockney.
Mark Hearld

13. Audience’s Media Preferences
Generally speaking, the landscape for entertainment media has changed pretty
drastically in the past decade, in terms of what young people decide to watch
on what screen. Specifically, it has been found that the general consensus is
the younger population are less likely to watch television, preferring the
costless and non-structured social media platforms like Instagram, Snapchat
and YouTube. While they may watch some programs focused on their
demographic, such things like the News for instance have been red more via
mobile rather than waiting for it’s slot on TV. In fact the BBC stated that in the
past 3 years, 16 to 34 year olds watch the BBC News 10% less. Another more
dramatic statement they made was that the TV market is in “imminent threat”
and that because less people are paying for licenses, the BBC gets less funding
for original British content. Our content that “British audiences rely on” is
under serious threat.
Loughrey, C. (2018). BBC admits young people now watch Netflix far more than their content. Available:
https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/bbc-netflix-young-people-watch-more-iplayer-
spotify-statistics-a8281706.html. Last accessed 20th Sept 2019.
Sweney, M. (2017). Ofcom: young people watch a third less TV on sets as they move online. Available:
https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/jul/07/ofcom-young-people-watch-a-third-less-broadcast-
tv-as-they-move-online. Last accessed 20th Sept 2019.

14. Another piece of evidence for this decrease in watch time comes from the media
regulator, Ofcom. They state that young people watch around 2 minutes of News
on TV, which is seen as a concern because the streaming services like Netflix that
these people prefer do not show any from of daily news. Speaking of Netflix, the
BBC is trying to adjust it’s iPlayer so that it offers more “personalisation”, so
perhaps it feels more like streaming services to appeals to young people.
Another statement made by Ofcom suggests that print is also decreasing in
popularity due to the introduction of social media. In 2018, the national
newspaper sales halved from 22 million in 2010 to 10.4 million. Due to this, certain
newspaper brands like the Guardian have shifted some focus towards their own
apps and websites to build an audience online. This further shows the divide
between older people sticking to traditional media like TV and newspapers while
younger persons are more accepting of modern forms of media, that being social
media.
Anon. (2009). Digital Lifestyles: Young adults aged 16-24. Available: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-
and-data/media-literacy-research/adults/digital_young_adults. Last accessed 20th Sept 2019.
Waterson, J. (2019). Young people in UK abandon TV news 'almost entirely'. Available:
https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jul/24/young-people-uk-abandon-tv-news-almost-
entirely-ofcom. Last accessed 20th Sept 2019.
Audience’s Media Preferences

15. Young People’s Attraction to the Retro
However in recent years, it is believed that young
people have began to feel that things from the past,
being retro, should be used again, like the polaroid
camera or trousers with flares. While these objects
may seem far less beneficial by modern standards,
the thought of how having a more “tangible”,
“realistic” feeling comes with these older pieces.
The older beliefs and ideas may now resonate
deeper with a modern audience then perhaps new
ones. I believe that is why shows like Friends and
Frasier seem like top picks on Netflix despite being,
at this point, about 30 years old. Even modern
shows based in past decades, like Stranger Things
set in the 80’s, get critical acclaim because of the
nostalgia people can get, even if they were not even
born yet. Programs like Monty Python get many
viewings via streaming and up to over a million
views on YouTube despite it’s user base being
primarily made up of a younger audience.
Lucy Cosslett, R. (2017). Why do millennials insist on living in the past?. Available:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/26/millennials-living-in-
the-past-polaroids. Last accessed 20th Sept 2019.
Tallerico, B. (2019). The 100 Best TV Shows on Netflix Right Now. Available:
https://www.vulture.com/article/best-tv-shows-on-netflix.html. Last accessed
2019.
Clement, J. (2019). Percentage of U.S. internet users who use YouTube as of
January 2018, by age group. Available:
https://www.statista.com/statistics/296227/us-youtube-reach-age-gender/. Last
accessed 20th Sept 2019.

16. Animation Styles for Stories and
Information
Odd ones/Jaiden
Kurzgesagt
NOT
FINISHED

17. The Animation Young People PreferSome of the more popular animated shows directed towards non-child
audiences would be Rick & Morty, BoJack Horseman and Big Mouth. But
why are these shows so popular? I would suggest these shows appeal to
the audience by combining a surrealism that can only be conveyed
through animation, with relatable and sometimes very serious topics.
Let’s begin with Rick & Morty, who took the story elements of shows like
“The Simpsons” and “Family Guy” but decided to redevelop them to
create a far more cynical approach to family life. While the mentioned
shows don’t change the, by now tired formula, Rick & Morty pushes a
further developed dynamic of the show’s characters. While the title
characters have sci-fi adventures, it often intermingles with the family’s
mundane homelife. This is a part of how the audience can relate through
Morty’s family at home, while combining the surreal sci-fi, bringing an
entertainment that distracts you from the serious issues like, for
example, Beth and Jerry’s divorce. However this can be flipped without
feeling irksome. While submerged in the surreal landscape of space, the
show’s duo often experience strong human traits, often flaws, that bring
the audience back to their own reality that no matter how much you
distract yourself, real problems still linger. This can be seen through Rick,
whose intelligence isn’t seen, as would be on other shows, as the
defining trait, but rather as a subject to base his defining traits off. These
traits, or more so flaws, consist of arrogance, self-loathing, selfishness
and, as direct influence on his family, the lack of empathy for those less
intelligent than himself. A part of how the family life is more creative
compared to other shows is how these traits change other characters on
a deeper level. His arrogance led to his daughter’s divorce by constantly
belittling Jerry, his lack of self-care often puts himself and his Grandson
in serious danger, and his overall sense of superiority creates a divide
between his family, and therefore the surreal and the relatable.
Kotroczo, J. (2017). What is the appeal of 'Rick and Morty?. Available:
https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/what-is-the-appeal-of-rick-and-morty-
001815277.html. Last accessed 23rd Sept 2019.

18. Another show that leans into the themes of the surreal and gets the
audience’s understanding is BoJack Horseman. Yet, unlike Rick & Morty,
the surrealism doesn’t take a significant role in how it affects the
characters lives, that being whatever animal they take the appearance
of. I believe this suggests it doesn’t matter who you appear to be, we all
have similar issues to face. On a basic level, the show’s push to
understand the characters trauma brings out the audience’s
understanding in what drives them, especially in their celebrity centric
world. And while this perspective of the show, along with it’s dry and
witty humour, does carry forth an interesting view point, I don’t believe
that is why audiences, especially younger people, are so invested in the
washed-up horse’s story. The show also emphasizes the need for
accountability, that despite your issues, you have a chance to start
again. Younger people have a hard time knowing what they want to be,
so by following the title character in his anxiety filled world gives you
the relatability that makes it so appealing. That these are normal
people with problems you didn’t think you could express, that you felt
alone with problems no one else had. The show presents this idea of
understanding your issues when BoJack asks Diane if he is a good
person, deep down. Her response is simple, yet it speaks to the
audience as a whole, rather than just the lead. She tells him that there
isn’t a ‘deep down’, that you are all that you do. I think this shows the
series understanding of accountability. The audience may feel alone
and can’t possibly recover from their stress, worries, anxiety, but it’s
possible and that all you need to do is show kindness.
How BoJack Horseman became the most empathetic show on television. (2018). Bernstein, A. Available:
https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/sep/14/how-bojack-horseman-became-the-most-
empathetic-show-on-television. Last accessed 23rd Sept 2019.
Thielman, S. (2017). In the golden age of TV, the existential-animation is king. Available:
https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/sep/11/bojackhorseman-netflix-animation-
depression. Last accessed 23rd Sept 2019.
The Animation Young People Prefer

19. The final animated show I want describe the appeal for
younger audiences is Big Mouth. Thus how concentrates the
surreal within the character, personifying the children's
development into adulthood. This is done by creating
characters out of the children’s imagination so that they can
confront this major step in their life, who speak out the
thoughts the kids have, often in a humourful way to make
these discoveries seem less scary, and perhaps to relate to
how the audience dealt with their own understanding of the
change. What makes these interactions with the ‘Hormone
Monsters’ feel real is how they give bad advice. This shows
how immature and naive a person is at that point in life, with
the children being told to steal and lash out, among other
more personal needs. The slightly older audience can easily
resonate with these thoughts and action, having been in the
same situation when they were younger, or perhaps to going
through such changes. As previously mentioned, humour is
used to relax these often tense experiences and can
normalise them so that the character and audience doesn’t
feel uncomfortable about such a process as growing up. The
show may be crude and push boundaries that other shows
wouldn’t dare because it would feel awkward, but that’s what
Big Mouth strives for, to push truths out of the characters
that they don’t want to face, and making the audience itself
think about what it should deem ‘inappropriate’.
Freiman, M. (2018). Big Mouth and the never-ending quest for sexual acceptance.
Available: https://www.cjnews.com/culture/entertainment/big-mouth-and-the-never-
ending-quest-for-sexual-acceptance. Last accessed 23rd Sept 2019.
The Animation Young People Prefer