These slides are for Yoga Teachers or students of Yoga for understanding the disease and what Yoga program we can offer to our client when they reach you for help. Although every individual is unique and Yoga Therapy should also be made considering what level of disease they are going through. Disclaimer: We dont take any responsibility if someone starts to follow the program as mentioned in the PPT for any harm or injury.

1. Common Human Diseases
DIABETES
MELLITUS
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2. DIABETES MELLITUS
Universal symbol for
diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic
diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because
the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells
do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood
sugar produces the classical symptoms of-
• Polyuria (frequent urination),
• Polydipsia (increased thirst) and
• Polyphagia (increased hunger)
The rare disease Diabetes insipidus has similar
symptoms to Diabetes mellitus, but without
disturbances in the sugar metabolism
(insipidus means "without taste" in Latin).
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3. TYPES OF DIABETES
The three main types of diabetes are-
• Type 1 : results from the body's failure to produce insulin, and
currently requires the person to inject insulin or wear an
insulin pump. This form was previously referred to as "insulin-
dependent diabetes mellitus" or "juvenile diabetes".
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4. TYPES OF DIABETES
• Type 2 : results from insulin resistance, a condition in which
cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an
absolute insulin deficiency.
This form was previously
referred to as non insulin
-dependent diabetes or
"adult-onset diabetes".
• Gestational Diabetes: occurs when pregnant women without
a previous diagnosis of diabetes develop a high blood glucose
level. It may precede development of type 2 diabetes.
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5. TYPES OF DIABETES
Other forms of Diabetes mellitus include -
• Congenital diabetes, which is due to genetic defects of insulin
secretion,
• Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes,
• Steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids,
• Monogenic diabetes.
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6. Type 1 diabetes:
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulin-
producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes can
affect children or adults, but was traditionally termed
"juvenile diabetes" because a majority of these diabetes cases
were in children. It is
partly inherited, and
then triggered by certain
infections.
CAUSES
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7. CAUSES
Type 2 diabetes:
• It is characterized by insulin resistance, which may be
combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion. Type 2
diabetes is due primarily to lifestyle factors and genetics
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8. Gestational diabetes:
• Gestational diabetes resembles type 2 diabetes in several
respects, involving a combination of relatively inadequate
insulin secretion and responsiveness. It occurs in about 2–5%
of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after
delivery. It is fully treatable,
but requires careful medical
supervision throughout the
pregnancy. About 20–50%
of affected women develop
type 2 diabetes later in life.
CAUSES
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9. CAUSES
• Some cases of diabetes are caused by the body's tissue
receptors not responding to insulin (even when insulin levels
are normal).
• Genetic mutations can lead to defects in beta cell function or
abnormal insulin action.
• Any disease that causes extensive damage to the pancreas may
lead to diabetes (for example cystic fibrosis ).
• Diseases associated with excessive secretion of insulin-
antagonistic hormones can cause diabetes.
• Many drugs impair insulin secretion and some toxins damage
pancreatic beta cells.
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10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The classic symptoms of untreated
diabetes are-
• Loss of weight,
• Polyuria ,
• Polydipsia and
• Polyphagia .
• Blurred vision
• Skin rashes
•Symptoms may develop rapidly
(weeks or months) in type 1
diabetes, while they usually
develop much more slowly and
may be subtle or absent in type 2
diabetes.
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11. RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS
All forms of diabetes increase the risk of long term
complications:
• Doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease
• Affects blood vessel formation in the retina of the eye, can
lead to reduced vision and potentially blindness
• Can lead to chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis.
• The impact on the nervous system - causing numbness,
tingling and pain in the feet, increasing the risk of skin damage
due to altered sensation.
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12. • Together with vascular disease, neuropathy contributes to the
risk of diabetes-related foot problems (such as diabetic foot
ulcers) that can be difficult to treat and occasionally
require amputation.
RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS
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13. YOG THERAPY
ASANAS:
• All forward bending asanas are beneficial for Diabetes.
• Main asanas are Dhanurasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana, Halasana,
Supt Vajrasana.
• Pashchimottanasana, Bhujangasana and Matsyasana are also
good.
• For special care of legs and feet, Utkatasana, Garudasana,
Ekpadasana and feet stretching and rotation are advisable.
PRANAYAMA:
• Anulom Vilom Pranayama as it results in mental calmness.
KRIYA:
• Nauli Kriya activates pancreas, thus improves insulin secretion.
BANDH:
• Uddiyana Bandh has special impact on Pancreas.
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14. • DIET:
• Sugar free diet with less starch (carbohydrates)
• High fibre content
• Small meals at short duration
• High water intake to prevent dehydration
• YOGIC LIFE STYLE:
• Drinking 2 glass lukewarm water in the morning to activate
metabolism
• Brisk walk for at least half an hour
• Regular YOG practice for at least1 hour
YOG THERAPY
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15. Common Human Diseases
THYROIDISM
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16. THYROIDISM
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17. HYPOTHYROIDISM
• Hypothyroidism means thyroid is not making
enough thyroxine hormone.
• Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects your whole
body. It can make you feel tired and weak. It can
raise cholesterol levels and make the person likely to have
a heart attack or stroke. During pregnancy, untreated
hypothyroidism can harm the foetus.
• Luckily, hypothyroidism is easy to treat.
• People of any age can get hypothyroidism, but older adults are
more likely to get it. Women age 60 and older have the highest
risk. People are more likely to get the disease if it runs in their
family.
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18. CAUSES
A person is said to be hypothyroid when the thyroid gland is-
• Underactive
• Improperly formed at birth
• Surgically removed all or in part
• Becomes incapable of producing
enough thyroid hormone,
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19. • The most common cause is Hashimoto's disease. It causes
the body’s immune system(WBC) to attack thyroid tissue. As a
result, the gland can't make enough thyroid hormone.
Other things that can lead to low levels
of thyroid hormone include-
• surgery to remove the thyroid gland
• radiation therapy for cancer
• viral infections
• drugs, such as lithium.
CAUSES
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20. SYMPTOMS
• Obesity
• Feeling tired, weak, or depressed.
• Dry skin and brittle nails.
• Not being able to stand the cold.
• Constipation.
• Memory problems or having trouble thinking clearly.
• Heavy or irregular menstrual periods.
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21. HYPERTHYROIDISM
• When the thyroid gland becomes overactive and produces too
much thyroid hormone, a person is said to be hyperthyroid.
• Thyroid hormone functions as a controller of the pace of all of
the processes in the body. This pace is called the metabolic
rate.
• If there is too much thyroid hormone, every function of the
body tends to speed up. Most symptoms of hyperthyroidism
are due to this increased metabolic rate.
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22. CAUSES
• The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is the
autoimmune condition known as Graves' disease, where
antibodies target the gland and cause it to speed up hormone
production.
Other reasons-
• Inflammation of the thyroid is called thyroiditis
• Oral consumption of excess thyroid hormone tablets
• Excess iodine consumption notably from algae such as Kelps.
• Hypersecretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from
pituitary accounts for less than 1 percent of hyperthyroidism
cases.
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23. SYMPTOMS
• Nervousness and Irritability,
• Increased perspiration,
• Heart racing,
• Hand tremors and Anxiety
• Difficulty sleeping,
• Thinning of the skin and Fine brittle hair
• Muscular weakness—upper arms and thighs.
• More frequent bowel movements
• Weight loss
• Menstrual flow may lighten and
menstrual periods may occur less often.
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24. SYMPTOMS
• In Graves' disease, which is the most common form or cause
of hyperthyroidism, the eyes may look enlarged because the
eye muscles swell and push the eye forward.
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25. DIAGNOSIS
• Measuring the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
produced by the pituitary gland
• Simple blood test can show if your thyroid hormone (T4 and
T3) level is too low or too high.
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26. THYROIDISM
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27. YOG THERAPY
ASANAS:
• Important asanas are Ushtrasana, Sarvangasana, Halasana,
Pashchimottanasana and Simhasana.
• Shirshasana is also advisable.
PRANAYAMA:
• Ujjayi Pranayama is specifically good to activate Thyroid
gland.
BANDH:
• Jalandhara Bandh improves the working of Thyroid gland.
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28. YOG THERAPY
DIET:
• In case of hypothyroidism, Iodized salt should be used; In
case of hyperthyroidism, Iodine consumption should be
minimized.
• Sattvik diet
YOGIC LIFE STYLE:
• Drinking 2 glass lukewarm water in the morning to activate
metabolism
• Morning/evening walk for at least half an hour
• Upward oil massage before bath
• Regular YOG practice for 1 hour daily.
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29. THANK YOU
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