The document discusses the political organization of the Oyo Empire in Nigeria. It describes that the Alaafin was the political head chosen by the Council of Oyomesi. The Council of Oyomesi, made up of seven hereditary kingmakers, acted as a check on the Alaafin's power. The empire was divided into provinces governed by Baales and had a powerful standing army led by the Aare-Ona-Kankanfo. Factors that led to the rise and fall of the Oyo Empire are also outlined.
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLERGeorge Dumitrache
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLER. It contains: battle for Berlin, Hitler death, Goering, Himmler, Hitler and Eva Braun, Musollini and Clara, Hitler and cyanide, Goebbels suicide, Hitler suicide, Hitler's bodyguard, Rochus Misch.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: STALIN IMPACT ON CULTURE. It contains: the cultural system, the social role of the writers, the censorship, policy, repressed atmosphere, effects on theatre and film, painting and sculpture, socialist music.
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLERGeorge Dumitrache
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLER. It contains: battle for Berlin, Hitler death, Goering, Himmler, Hitler and Eva Braun, Musollini and Clara, Hitler and cyanide, Goebbels suicide, Hitler suicide, Hitler's bodyguard, Rochus Misch.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: STALIN IMPACT ON CULTURE. It contains: the cultural system, the social role of the writers, the censorship, policy, repressed atmosphere, effects on theatre and film, painting and sculpture, socialist music.
Koryo Military Rule, Social and Political Controversies.docxAASTHA76
Koryo: Military Rule, Social and Political Controversies
1. Lee, P H, 190
2. Lee, P H, 191
The military rule in Koryo was marred by many controversies surrounding the officers who were in power. It marked significant political and social changes in the country which remained until the emergence of General Ch’oe Ch’unghon (1149-1219).1 The military rule itself began after the 1170 military coup after which rebellious officers took power and destabilized the rule. During the reign of General Ch’oe Ch”unghon and his subsequent successors, there were efforts to regain political and social stability through a number of mechanisms. These included recruitment of personnel and involvement of civilians in the management of the government. During this period, the General’s house grew and gained considerable significance. This was mainly observed in its ability to crush other small internal rebellions such as the uprising of rebellious slaves, monks and peasants who wanted to take advantage of the political unrest to air their grievances and own gains.1
The invasion of Koryo by the Mongol in the 13th century was another big challenge to the military rulers. The military of Koryo suffered defeat by the Mongol and filed a suit for peace after the fall of General Ch’oe Ch’unghon’s house. The relation between Koryo and Mongol, however, still remained hostile. The strength of Mongol diminished and the Koryo adopted anti-Mongol policies which were backed up by the emergence of the Neo-Confucian reformers. These reforms became a threat to Buddhism which was the belief system of the old order. The reformers wanted to establish a new system of governance, based on Confucianism.
Prior the military coup of 1170, the Koryo kingdom was under civilian rule.2 However, after the coup, this form of governance was replaced by military rule characterized by the hunger for power by the military heads. The coup was led by Chong Chungbu, who was from an old family of military generals. Together with his subordinates, Yi Uibang and Yi Ko, he overthrew the king and attacked those who were antagonistic to the military. He constructed a new order using both military officials and civil officials who were high ranking and were in agreement to his leadership. The problem that came with this military rule was the hunger for power among the military generals. Another general Ch’oe Ch”unghon salvaged the situation by establishing a new order in 1196 which lasted until his death. His leadership was succeeded through his son Ui, grandson Hang and great grandson Ui.2
It is evident that the establishment of the military rule in the Koryo kingdom came with more negative impact than the positive impact on its stability. Ranging from bad relationship between the civilians and the military to power struggle in General Ch’oe Ch’unghon’s family, it can be observed that the civilian rule of the kingdom was more peaceful. There is an element of opportunism for the military. Upon ove.
History, Politics and economic Review of EthiopiaArega Getaneh
This is a presentation I did in universita deglii studi di Brescia, Italy. The intention is to introduce my country's history, political happenings and economic environment. In doing so, I would like to share the work to my friends in LinkedIn, too. Here you go!
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CHAPTER I
THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF
INDIGENOUS AFRICA N POLITICAL
SYSTEMS A ND INSTITUTIONS
FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY
(5) Every individual has a right to life and to defend his/her personal
integrity. Consequently, any attempt at taking someone else's life 1vill be
punished by death; (16) In addition to their daily chores, women must be
involved in all levels of government; (22) Vanity is a sign of weakness, and
humility a sign of greatness; (24) In Mali, never mistreat a foreigner; (25)
In Mali, the envoy is always safe.
-Selected articles from the Mande Charter (1240)
[La Charte de Kurukan Puga], 45, 47, 49, 51
INTRODUCTION
Highly advanced and sophisticated African civilizations, cultures, societ
ies, and states-such as Ancient Egypt, Kush/Nubia, Axum, Ghana, Mali,
and Asante-evolved throughout the continent from the ninth century
before the Christian era (BCE) to the nineteenth century CE. African politi
cal systems and institutions were traditionally based on kinship and lineage
(i.e., c ommon ancestry), sanctioned by a founding myth. The lineage was
a powerful and effective force for unity and stability in ancient Africa. Each
lineage had its head, chosen on the basis of age, maturity, and relation to
ancestors. The old (respectfully referred to as "elders") were often chosen
as lineage heads because old age was usually associated with wisdom. Each
ethnic group had its own system of government. In all indigenous African
societies, political organization began at the lineage or village level. Religion
defined moral duties and controlled conduct; it informed laws and customs,
as well as accepted norms of behavior. In African systems of thought, religion
is an essential part of life; indeed, religion and life are inseparable. What this
12 AFRICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT
description accurately portrays is "the belief held among African communi
ties that the supernatural powers and deities operate in every sphere and
activity of lite. Religion and lite are inseparable, and lite is not comparted [sic]
into sacred and secular." 1
INDIGENOUS AFRICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS AND
INSTITUTIONS: FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES
AND DEMOCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS
In indigenous African political systems, the rules and procedures of gover
nance were established by custom and tradition rather than by written con
stitutions. In addition, these systems were based on the rule of /a�that
is, respect for ( and adherence to) customary ways of resolving dis.
‘a ruler who wishes to maintain his power must be prepared to act immorally when this becomes necessary.’ (Machiavelli, The Prince, Chapter XV)
Syllabus:
Session one & two: Introducing Machiavelli
Florence: The Florentine Histories
Session Three: Machiavelli the Diplomat
Machiavelli and the Medici: The Prince
Session Four: Machiavelli the Soldier: The Art of War
Session Five: Machiavelli and the Modern World
Main text:
Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, translated by W.K. Marriott
Courtesy of the University of Adelaide Library Electronic Texts Collection. E- Book (Free Online- Open Access link)
http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/m/machiavelli/niccolo/m149p/
Additional:
King, Ross. Machiavelli: Philosophy of Power. New York: Eminent Lives, 2007.
*Additional visual resource: Film: La Mandragola (http://www.emachiavelli.com/Mandrasum.htm)
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
6. INTRODUCTION: Oyo was a large empire divided into
different provinces. It was the most outstanding
kingdom in the Yoruba political system.
7. POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF OYO EMPIRE
1. Political head: the Alaafin was seeing as the political head of
the empire. He was chosen by Council of Oyomesi.
8. 2. The Aremo: He was the eldest son of the ruling Alaafin, but
cannot succeed his father at his demise.
POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF OYO EMPIRE
9. 3. The Council of Oyomesi: this was made up of the seven
hereditary kingmakers in the empire. The leader of Oyomesi was
Bashorun.
POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF OYO EMPIRE
10. 4. The Baales( Provincial Governors):each province was
administered by Baale.
POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF OYO EMPIRE
11. 5. The Army Organisation: the Aare-Ona-kankanfo was the head
of the army.
POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF OYO EMPIRE
12. POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF OYO EMPIRE
6. The Ogboni society: The maintenance and preservation of cultural values of the
people were delegated to the Ogbonis. The Ogboni was a secret society headed by
the Oluwo.
13. 7. The empty calabash: The Oyomesi through Basorun can send an
empty calabash to the Alaafin, symbolising rejection by the people.
The Alaafin had no option but to commit suicide.
POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF OYO EMPIRE
14. 9. Kingship: the succession to the throne of Alaafin was not
from father to son but the Oyomesi was free to choose a new
15. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• The powerful standing army of the empire.
16. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• The booming economic activities in the empire.
17. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• The personality of the successive Alaafin of Oyo.
18. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE FALL OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• The internal crises between the Alaafin of and the
Council of Oyomesi.
19. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE FALL OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• The Fulani incursion facilitated by Aare Afonja.
20. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE FALL OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• The dwindling influence of the Alaafin.
21. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE FALL OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• The rebellious acts of the tributaries under the Oyo
Empire.
22. FACTORS THAT LED TO THE FALL OF
THE OYO EMPIRE
• Finally, the British attacks of the 19th century led to
the eventual collapse of the empire.
23. CHECKS AND BALANCES IN THE OYO EMPIRE
There are some elements of checks and balances in the Oyo
pre-colonial political system. The fact that one of the
Oyomesi had to die with the Alaafin was a check on the
powers of the Oyomesi.
Some of the limitations to the powers of the Alaafin include:
a. The issue of an empty calabash was a check on his
powers.
b. The loyalty to the Aare-Ona-Kankanfo.
c. Position of Oyomesi on public issues.
d. The personality and the influence of Basorun.
e. The quality advice given by the Ilaris.
f. The political situation in the provinces.
24. FUNCTIONS OF TRADITIONAL RULERS IN THE PRE-
COLONIAL SYSTEMS
They made laws, rules and regulations.
Maintenance of law and order in their domain.
They appointed subordinate chiefs to help in the
administration.
Budget : they were involved in raising and spending
money.
They served as political symbol of unity.
Communal wealth: they were also involved in the sharing
and allocation of resources.
25. FUNCTIONS OF TRADITIONAL RULERS IN THE
PRE-COLONIAL SYSTEMS CONT.
Planning and development: they planned for
the progress and development of various
communities.
Administration of justice: they acted as the
final court of appeal.
Protection of their domain against external
aggression and internal rebellion
