The World Bank project proposal aims to improve water quality in Lake Taihu through dredging contaminated sediments, testing improved dewatering methods, and treating discharge water with ClearBlue 104 to reduce bacteria. The proposal outlines objectives to map dredge areas, evaluate new dredging and dewatering technologies, and make recommendations to support long-term water quality monitoring. Pilot tests will dredge sediments, measure water quality impacts, and evaluate dewatering options like geotextile bags to inform full-scale implementation plans.

1. World Bank
Proof of Concept Project
Proposal
July 10, 2009

2. Project Objectives
– Proposing options for dredging equipment and methodologies to
improve the productivity and effectiveness of existing and new
dredging operations.
– Use new methods and technologies to define and map the
appropriate hydrographic surveying of Taihu, in order to evaluate
accurate dredge prisms.
– Defining and capturing data required by The World Bank and the
evaluation of the overall watershed and associated wetlands,
including the use of natural and artificial filtering agents to better
reduce the flow of pollutants into Meiliang Bay.
– Providing significantly improved options for the management of
sediments removed from the dredging operations.

3. Project Objectives
– Reduce bacteria and coliform counts in the pilot lake water.
– Providing significantly improved options for dewatering of the
sediments.
– Significantly improving the quality of water being returned to the
lake by utilizing ClearBlue 104™ to reduce the bacteria and
coliform in the discharge.
– Recommending long range testing monitoring technologies to be
used in the region.
– Support Wuxi officials for the data and financial reporting
requirements for The World Bank Wuxi Project.
– Meet requirements date of March 2010 for The World Bank
project.

4. Current Observations
• Bacteria and coliform are a MAJOR problem in Lake Tai in our test
water samples:
– Bacteria counts are > 400 units per liter.
– Coliform counts are ≥1300 units per liter
– Fecal coliform counts are ≥ 220 units per liter
• Dredging alone will not solve the issue of bacteria and coliform
– Dredging alone may actually increase counts in the short term by
stirring up additional suspended solids in the lake’s water
columns.
• Sediments are currently stored adjacent to the lake.
• Untreated discharge water from dredging operations and sediments
is running back into the lake.
• The maps of the lake bottom are outdated and may not be sufficient
for the current operations.

5. Primary Water Intake Locations
for Wuxi

6. Static Test in Wutangmen near the Major Water Intake
in Wuxi for 10 Days
Largest of the
dredging units we
observed
Algae bloomed at the test site
(Wutangmen in Meiliang Bay)
during the static test (April 20-30,2009)

7. ClearBlue 104™ Static Test Site
Near the Major Water Intake in Wuxi

8. Reducing Algae Cell Counts Through Day 10
Provided by Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre

9. Improving Water Quality Results for Static Test
Provided by Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre
ClearBlue 104 Amt
Total Total Fecal
ppm pH Alkalinity Hardness Chl-a
Bacteria Coliform Coliform
Timing
mg/l mg/l CaCO3 mg/l cfu/ml cfu/l cfu/l
0# C=0 ppm 8.00 96.3 154 0.011 400 1300 220
1# C=0.50 ppm 7.98 94.1 187 0.009 30 ＜20 ＜20
2# T=15 min 8.09 95.3 183 0.007 30 ＜20 ＜20
3# C=0.50 ppm 8.09 90.6 163 0.010 10 ＜20 ＜20
4# T=30 min 8.07 92.3 172 0.010 10 ＜20 ＜20
5# C=0.50 ppm 8.13 96.8 203 0.010 20 ＜20 ＜20
6# T=60 min 8.12 98.1 195 0.013 20 ＜20 ＜20
7# C=1.0 ppm 8.09 91.8 175 0.009 UDL ＜20 ＜20
8# T=15 min 8.05 93.6 188 0.011 UDL ＜20 ＜20
9# C=1.0 ppm 8.03 95.6 195 0.011 20 ＜20 ＜20
10# T=30 min 8.06 97.6 206 0.015 20 ＜20 ＜20
11# C=1.0 ppm 8.05 91.8 202 0.015 50 ＜20 ＜20
12# T=60 min 8.04 99.3 187 0.015 40 ＜20 ＜20
13# C= 1.25 ppm 8.00 91.1 165 0.016 UDL ＜20 ＜20
14# T=15 min 7.99 89.3 170 0.015 UDL ＜20 ＜20
15# C= 1.25 ppm 7.98 93.6 134 0.018 UDL ＜20 ＜20
16# T=30 min 8.00 91.1 139 0.018 UDL ＜20 ＜20
17# C= 1.25 ppm 8.01 89.6 206 0.015 UDL ＜20 ＜20
18# T=60 min 8.01 87.8 210 0.015 UDL ＜20 ＜20
Note: UDL – Under the Detection Limit

10. Project Overview
• Scientifically improve and support ongoing efforts to
improve water quality within Taihu and specifically in
Meiliang Bay, including dredging, dewatering and
mapping the defined pilot area(s).
• Improve existing dredging operations performance:
– Develop a systematic process for controlling and tracking dredged areas
and volumes of sediment removed.
– Develop dredge prisms, monitor performance of dredging operations,
track hourly and daily volumes removed, and produce 3D maps of the
dredged areas.
– Utilize scientific methods such as GPS coordinates, depth soundings,
volumetric calculations, and detailed mapping to produce a reliable
documentation of dredging operations.
• Scientifically define new areas to be targeted for future
dredging operations.

11. Project Overview
• Improve Dredge Performance (continued):
• Evaluate and pilot improved methods and procedures for
dewatering sediments, including gravity separation,
sedimentation ditches, geosynthetic bags, hydro cyclones,
centrifuges, presses, and other available technologies.
• Test the dredged materials to evaluate concentration of
contaminants and determine the most cost effective,
environmentally-friendly dewatering methods to use in Taihu.
• Reduce the total bacteria counts and algae present in the
water being returned to the lake.
• Injecting a minimal concentration (0.5 to 1.0 ppm) of
ClearBlue104™ (CB104) into the water return lines. CB104
will effectively eliminate bacteria and significantly reduce the
overall algae spore populations within the returned water,
resulting in improved water quality throughout the areas

12. Project Overview
• Scientifically improve sampling and analysis the
sediments and lake water in the pilot test area.
• Sediment samples will be analyzed for total phosphorous, ammonia,
and biological oxygen demand.
• Samples from the pilot test area will be analyzed for percent solids
(water content), grain size, and organic content by muffle furnace to
assist in determining the dewatering characteristics for the dredging
cost estimate.
• Lake water will be collected from within the pilot study
area, prior to and during the pilot testing.
• The water will be analyzed for pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity,
coliform bacteria, chlorophyll-a, and total suspended solids.
• Assess the probable impact from removing the loose organic
sediment, and treating the lake water prior to reintroduction from the
Pilot Study, on the water quality in the lake.

13. Project Overview
• A final report will be issued, and will include an
assessment of the various methods used during
dredging and dewatering pilot tests.
• Present the dredging evaluation options, dewatering options,
effectiveness of the dredging and CB104 applications, and
recommendations for full scale implementation.
• A rough-order-of-magnitude cost analysis and estimate will also be
assembled so that Wuxi officials can make scientifically informed
decisions on go-forward operations.

14. Helping Define Long Range Improvement in Taihu
Important Questions The Project Will Answer
• What does the sediment consist of? Solids %, Grain Size, Organic
%, Specific Gravity, % Saturation.
• Where is the natural bottom? Soft or hard material? Clay or sand or
limestone?
• How thick is the sediment or organic matter?
• How quickly will the sediment / algae settle out of the water?
• How will the sediment best dewater?
• What can you do with the sediment once it’s removed from the
Lake?
• How much sediment and algae removed is there?
• What is the water flow and current and predominant wind direction?
• How best to keep track of dredged volumes and areas?

15. Project Preliminary
Investigation
• Determine the Volume of Sediment (Muck) for Removal
• Determine the Settling and Consolidation Characteristics of the
Muck
• Prepare a Preliminary Design for a Confined Dewatering and/or
Disposal Facility to Contain the Muck
• Map of Test Core Locations
• Review Core Logs
• Review Pictures of Core Logs
• Review Geotechnical Test Results from Cores
• Review Geotechnical Test Results from Bulk Samples

16. For Example:
Sample % Dry Organic Unit Weight
Solids Content (lb/ft3)
(%)
Muck Top 5 67 65.9
Muck 8 53 68.1
Middle
Muck 15 39 73.0
Bottom
Marl 70 na 116.1

17. Project Examples

18. Settling and Consolidation
Tests

19. On-Site Lab Set-Up

20. Dredging
Where to focus efforts? Reliable survey required
Hydraulic versus mechanical? Pilot procedures implemented
Transfer methods to shore? Pumped versus hauled
Speed and depth control? Real-time instruments on equipment

21. Accurate Mapping Critical

22. Survey Control for Volume Tracking

23. Mechanical Cutter Head

24. Transfer via Pump/Pipe

25. Dewatering
Various Methods can be tested:
• Settling Ditches - Gravity
• Centrifuges – Centrifugal force
• Hydrocyclones – Gravity and centrifugal force
• Geotextile Bags – gravity and filtration
• Filter Presses – pressure

26. Hydrocyclone Test

27. GeotubeTests

28. Dewatering via Geotubes

29. Filter Press

30. Water Intake Protection and
Water Quality Improvement
• As a critical first step, protect water intake areas by:
• Creating dredge traps near intakes to “trap” sediment
and algae
• Inoculating water near intakes with CB104, to
significantly reduce bacteria and algae spores in and
around intake structures.

31. Suspended Solids in the Water Column
Dredging will not
have an impact on
these moving solids
Suspended
Solids
Water Current
Lake Bottom
Embedded
Solids

32. Dredging Option to Trap Suspended Solids
Dredge Trap
Infuse Discharge
Water
Suspended
Solids
Water Current
Embedded
Solids

33. Pilot Project Cost Model

34. Implementation Schedule
Note: It would be better if change a more clearer table

35. The Professional Consortium
•China environmental consulting
•Construction
•Equipment Engineering
•Investment expertise
•Global environmental experience
•Project design and management
•Expertise in practical, creative de-
watering and sediment remediation
•Developer of ClearBlue 104™
•Patent holder of ClearBlue 104™
•Scientific oversight of the chemical

36. The Professional Consortium
• Central Government coordination
• China and USA logistics
• Warehousing
• Supply chain management
• Inventory management technology
• Project Design
• Exclusive distributor of ClearBlue 104™
• Freight Forwarding
• Project Design and Management