The document discusses various reading comprehension and note-taking strategies for learning from texts. It describes how writing during and after reading helps focus attention, forces thinking, and tests understanding. Techniques covered include underlining no more than 20-30% of key passages, annotating texts with questions, summaries, and more. Symbols can distinguish information types and emphasize material to study. Outlining and concept mapping are presented as ways to organize information and see relationships between ideas. The final instructions ask to apply these strategies to analyze a chapter from a text in one's field.

1. Teacher:
Sandra Marcela
Trujillo Pino
Final
project

2. W R I T I N G T O L E A R N.
WRINTING is also and effective learning
strategy.
Writing during and after reading has
numerous advantages:
Writing focuses your attention.
Writing forces you to think.
Writing tests your understanding.
Writing facilitates learning.

3. UNDERLINING
T E C H N I Q U E S.
HOW TO UNDERLINE EFFECTIVELY:
1. Read a paragraph or section first and then
go back and underline what is important.
2. Try to underline important portions of the
topic that you want to remember.
3. Use headings to guide your underlining.
4. Use a system for underlining. Some
students use two or more different colors of
ink or highlighters to distinguish between
main idea and details.
5. Underline just enough words so that the
meaning is clear on rereading.

4. UNDERLINING THE RIGHT AMOUNT.
If you underline either too
much or too little, you will
defeat the purpose of
underlining. As a general rule
of thumb try to underline NO
more than 20 to 30 percent of
the passage.

5. ANNOTATING AND MAKING MARGINAL
NOTATIONS.
Annotating is a mean of keeping track of
your impressions, idea, reactions and
questions as you read. Then, after
reading, reviewing your annotations will
help you form a final impression of the
work.
Underlining is a mean of identifying
important information; annotating is a
method of recording your thinking about
these key ideas.

6. Use margins to write your annotations.
Use annotations to:
1. Write questions about the material.
2. Condense key points.
3. Identify ideas with which you disagree.
4. Mark good or poor examples of supporting
data.
5. Jot down inconsistencies.
6. Locate key terms or definitions.
7. Consider contrasting points of view.
8. Summarize key arguments.
9. Mark words with strong connotative
meaning.
10.Identify the author’s viewpoints or feelings.

7. USING SYMBOLS TO ANNOTATE.
It can be used to distinguish
types of information, to
emphasize material to be
studied, or to show
relationship among ideas.
Develop your own set of
symbols and use them
consistently.

8. USING SYMBOLS TO ANNOTATE.
SYNBOL MEANING.
Ex An example is included.
Def An important term is defined.
Unknown word to look up in dictionary later.
T Good test question.
? Confusing idea.
* Very important.
Sum Summary statement.
 Relates to another idea.

9. MARGINAL NOTATIONS TO CONDESE
INFORMATION.
Notations are a useful
timesaving device when ideas
are complicated and cannot
be reviewed quickly by
underlining

10. O U T L I N I N G.
It is an effective way to organize information and
discover relationship among ideas. Outlining
forces you to select what is important from each
paragraph and determines how it is related to
key ideas in other paragraphs.
DEVELOPING AN OUTLINING.
1. First Major Detail.
A. First major idea.
 First important detail.
 Second important detail.
B. Second major ideas.
 First important detail.
 Second important detail.
2. Second major topic.
A. First major idea.

11. Use the following suggestions to write
effective outline.
1. Read a section completely before writing.
2. Be brief and concise. Do not write in complete
sentences. Use abbreviations, symbols.
3. Use your own word rather than those in the
text.
4. be certain that all information beneath a
heading supports or explain it.
5. Every heading that is aligned vertically should
be of equal importance.

12. MAPPING TO
S H O W R E L A T I O N S H I P S.
Mapping is a process of drawing
diagrams to describe how a
topic and its related ideas are
connected. It is a means of
organizing and consolidating
information by using a visual
format. There are two types of
maps:

13. MAPS:
CONCEPT MAPS.
They are visual outlines; they show how ideas within a
passage are related. Maps can take different forms.
Use the following steps to draw a map:
1. Identify the overall subject and write it in the center
or at the top of the page.
2. Identify the major supporting information that
relates to the topic.
3. As you discover details that further explain an idea
already mapped, draw a new line.
THOUGHT PATTERN MAPS.
When a particular thought pattern is evident
throughout a passage, you may wish to draw a map
reflecting that pattern.

14. SUMMARIZING
I N F O R M A T I O N.
A summary is a compact
restatement of the key points of
a passage. A summary does not
include all the information
presented in the original text.
Summaries vary in length, they
are often one-quarter or less of
the length of the original.

15. USE THE FOLLOWING STEPS AS A
GUIDE IN WRITING A SUMMARY
1. Read the entire original work text.
2. Read and underline key points.
3. Review your underlining.
4. Write sentences to include all remaining
underlined information.
5. Presents ideas in the summary in the
same order in which they appeared in
the original.
6. Revise your summary.

16. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FINAL
WORK.
 Find a text of your like according to your occupation.
 Select a chapter or a section of a text, bear in mind that this cannot be so short (5 pages, only
text, do not count graph as pages). Select a chapter that caught your interest.
 Apply skimming and scanning to the text
 While reading have in mind the above information about WRITING TO LEARN.
 When you have read all the text and have understood the information that the text has, do the
following:
Apply to the text the:
1. Indentify the compound words, give its equivalent (in Spanish), and its definition (in
English). (10 compound words with different base word and affix)
2. From the compound words highlight the base word and the affix.
3. Write a TERMINOLOGICAL DRAGGING i.e.; the search of words that conform a
whole; these words are related with a concept. Write the term in English and its respective
equivalent in Spanish, and the definition in English (minimum 15 terms).
4. Identify in the text the contextual clues.
5. Apply to the text the: U N D E R L I N I N G T E C H N I Q U E S, ANNOTATING
AND MAKING MARGINAL NOTATIONS.
6. Draw an outlining and then transfer it into a concept map of the text or each part of it.
Showing the relationship among ideas.
7. Write a summary of the text.
• Work presentation.

17. THANK YOU
TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF THESE
READING
STRATEGIES