A Short Cut For Shorthand in taking Dictations in Office / Notes in Accademic Fields Like Collages / Schools.

1. Time Saving In Writing Down Notes
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Writing Notes
When you are studying you will often want to write notes to help
you remember what you have heard or read. These pages will show you
how to take notes efficiently by using symbols and abbreviations, and
by organizing your notes .
Symbols
Using symbols can save you a lot of time. The symbols in this section are
widely used and understood.
Symbol Meaning
* This is an important point
∞ is approximately equal to
≠ is not , does not equal
+ and , plus
= is , equals
BecauseType equation here.
@ at
> is more than
< is less than
OM
Male
O F FemaleType equation here.
∴ There for , so
& and
“ the same word as above

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- Negative.
- ± Plus or Minus.
- A →B A tends to B.
- ℅ Percentage.
∏ Pai. 180 degree.
∑ Summation.
∆ Triangle.
↔ Left and Right.
↕ Up and Down.
∕ Or
√ Sq. Root.
∟ Angle.
∩ Intersection.
≡ Identical.
≤ Less than or Equal.
≥ Greater than or equal.
… And so .
⁞ Proportional to .
⁰ Degree Angle.
ᴓ Diameter.
˄ To the Power.
? Question Mark.
© Copy Right.
⅍ Fraction.
Ā Vector A .
Ɔ Super Set.
Ƈ Sub Set .
Ɛ Element Of.
Ƒ Function of.
Ʋ Union of .
¶ Paragraph.
™ Trade Mark.
( ) Bracket.

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D Distance.
S Speed.
T Time.
B Letters Bold .
I Letters Italic.
U Letters Under lined.
You can usethese symbols in place of a rangeof words . For example , + can mean
also , in addition ,as well as. Try to think of some other words or phrases that the
other symbols could stand for .
Arrows are also useful symbols :
↗ or ↑ an increase /a rise / an improvement in something
↘ or ↓ a decrease / a fall/ a reduction / a deterioration in some thing
→ causes/ results in / becomes / makes
_ Certain chemicals used in industry have caused a hole to develop in the ozone
layer
This could be written in note form as :
_chemicals used in industry → hole in ozone layer
← is caused by / is the result of / is made from
_we can help reduce pollution by using environment friendly forms of transport
This could be written in note form as :
_ Reduce pollution ← using environmentally-friendly transport.
Abbreviations
You have probably come across some abbreviations in your textbooks or in a
dictionary
.
esp.= especially ch = chapter
p = page etc = and so on
sb= somebody
NOTE: A full stop is often used at the end of an abbreviation to show that this is
not the full form of the word.
Vol. =volume sing. =singular

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Ex. = example approx.=approximately.
Usu. =usually incl= including / inclusive
Diffs. = differences i.e =that is
e.g.=for example cf = compare / contrast c = about / approximately
no.= number pp=pages adj. =adjective abbrev. = abbreviation
adv. = adverb Austral. =Australian aux.v. = auxiliary verb
chem. = Chemistry comb. Form = combining form conj = conjunction
derog. = derogatory exclam. = exclamation fem. =feminine
Geom. = Geometry hist. = historical Math = Mathematics n = noun
Naut. = Nautical N.Engl. = northern English offens. = offensive
Past part. = past patrciple pl. =plural pl.n. = plural noun
Possess. Pron. = possessive pronoun prep. = preposition
pres. Part = present participle pron. = pronoun Sc. = Scottish
sing. = singular usu. = usually v. = verb var. = variant
ad. = advertisement at. = location by. = beside da. = father
ex. = former spouse or father hi. = a greeting ho. = surprise
if. = conditional clause it. = previously mentioned ma. = mother
MD = managing director mo. = a moment MP = Member of Parliament
My. = mine no = not any oh. = surprise OK = agreement om = mantra
Op = operation or = alternative ow = expressing pain
Oz = Australia pa = father so = therefore ta = thank you
TV = television up = higher ya = correct
Biz = business max = maximum min = minimum pix =pictures
Rx =Treatment , Hx = History , Dx = Diagnosis , qd = Everyday
Qod = Every other day , qh =Every Hour , SOS = If needed ,
AC =Before Meals , PC = After Meals , BID = Twice A Day ,
TID = Thrice A Day , QID = Four Times A Day. OD = Once A Day,
BT = Bed Time , BBF = Before Breakfast , BD = Before Dinner .
Tw. =Twice A Week , SQ = Sub Cutaneous , IM = Intramascular
ID = Intradermal , IV = Intravenous , QAM = ( evrymorning ) ,
QPM = ( Everynight ) , Q4H = ( every 4 hours ) , HS = ( at bedtime )
PRN = ( as needed ) , Mg = ( Milligram ) , Mcg/ug = ( microgram )
G or Gm = ( gram ) , 1 TSF ( Teaspoon ) = 5ml , 1 Table Spoonful = 15 ml.

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1 = one / won. 2 .= Two / too . 3 = Three , 4 = Four / For . 5 =Five.
6 = Six .7 = Seven / Say when . 8 = Eight / Ate . 9 =Nine . 10 =Ten.
Gr.8 =Great.
C =Sea / See . Q = Que. S = Yes .T = Tea W = Double You . X = Ex.
Y = Why .Z = Said. U = You . R =Are .V =We. B= Be. UR =Your.
you should try to develop your own system of abbreviations, especially for words
that you use frequently .These are some widely used methods:
# write only the first few letters of the word :
Pop =population
Prog.= program me/ program
Elec.= electricity
# write the first few letters of the word and the last letter .
Govt.=government
Dept.=department
Probs.= problems
Environt.=environment
#write only the consonants, omitting the vowels:
Mrkt.=market
Mngr.= manager
Wld.= would
When you abbreviate words , remember that you will need to understand your
abbreviations when You look at your notes later .
Omitting words
Another way of keeping your notes short is by omitting words. Many words in a
sentence do not carry much meaning, but just show the grammar of the sentence
. Look at this sentence. The underlined words are the content words that give the
meaning: the others are the grammar words :
_it is useful to be able to take notes from lessons and text books quickly and
efficiently.
You could note this: Useful: take notes –lessons ,textbooks quickly , efficiently.

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Notice how the colon(:) the dash(-) and the comma(,)are used instead of words
here.
You can omit:
#articles (a,an,the ):
-The internet is an enormous network that covers the world.
-internet =enormous network that covers world
# most forms of the verb ‘be ‘
-The euro was introduced on January 1 1999.
-Euro introduced 1/ 1/99
#Pronouns ( I ,me ,my ,he, his ,we ,us ,our etc ):
-We pollute water by dumping waste.
-pollute water ← dumping waste.
#that , which ,who :
-We are producing too much carbon dioxide, which is causing temperatures to
rise.
- Producing too much carbon dioxide → temperatures ↑.
Always try to look for the shortest, simplest way to write things. For example ,
The government of the United Kingdom could be written as : UK govt.
Organising notes
Your notes will be much easier to understand later if you use headings and
underlining for the main points and numbers , letters etc. for the subordinate
points . Start new points on a new line . Underline important points or anything
you especially wish to remember . Think carefully about the layout of your notes .
It should be clear and reflect the structure of the lecture or text
Sample
Read the text below & take notes , using the abbreviations, symbols and headings
suggested above.
Energy

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Most of the energy we use to heat and light buildings , run machines etc. is made
by burning fossil fuels .These will eventually run out , so we need to use more
alternative sources of energy , such as wind and solar power , that are renewable
and do not pollute the air . We should also avoid wasting energy by using less
electricity and water and insulating our houses.
THANK YOU FOR READING.