The document discusses designing scientific articles for publication. It begins by explaining the importance of clear communication of new ideas and results through publication. Various types of publications are then outlined, including journal papers, conference proceedings, books, and white papers. The document stresses that articles should be organized with standard sections like an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions. It also provides guidance on choosing a word processor that can handle the various elements of a technical paper like text, figures, tables, and equations. Overall, the key points are that publication is important for establishing new ideas and careers, and articles must be logically organized and clearly presented.

1. DESIGNING AN ARTICLE
Writing for Computer Science - The Art of Effective Communication
Aftab Alam
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University
08/24/2017

2. Chapter First: DESIGNING AN ARTICLE
Contents
Kinds of Publication
Organization
Choice of word-processor
7
6
5
2
1
4
3 The first draft
Composition

3. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Motivation
• A scientific article
– a description of new ideas and a demonstration of their correctness.
– Remarkable for long time, and
– if published in a major journal/conf.,
o may be read by thousands of other scientists.
– a report will not convince anybody/useless
o if it is difficult to understudy.
– Important
o Better: results, supporting arguments & presentation .

4. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Motivation
• Publication not only makes knowledge available,
– it establishes the authors as the creators of that knowledge
• Rewards for author
– position, promotion, H-index, Nobel prizes, etc.
• Public mistakes not only make a scientist look foolish,
– they can hurt a career
– Article
o styling,
o polishing process,
o clarity, and
o simplicity

5. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Scientific Research
• Designing an Article
– Science is a system for accumulating reliable knowledge
o begins with observations,
o which are developed into hypothesis,
o tested by proof or experimentation;
o yielding results
o that can be described in a paper;
o which is published after independent reviewing
– Each new contribution builds on an existing concepts
o that are known and trusted
o Incremental process
– New research may be wrong or misguided,
o but the process of refereeing eliminates most work of poor quality

6. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Authors needs to:
• Describe
– the position of the new idea in the body of scientific knowledge
• Formally state the idea,
– often as a theory or hypothesis
• Explain
– what is new about the idea/contribution the paper is making
• Justify the theory,
– by methods such as proof or experiment

7. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper

8. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Books
– Contains texts & information
– no new results or idea
• Purpose
– to collect information and present
o an accessible &
o readable form
– Texts are generally better written than are
papers

9. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Theses & Dissertations
– usually a deep exploration of a single problem.
– A long essay on a particular subject
o one has done original research,
o for a diploma or degree
– A document submitted
o academic degree or professional qualification
o presenting the author's research and findings
– Dissertation: Doctorate,
– Thesis: Master's degree requirement

10. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Research Articles
– Purpose: To present original/new findings
– Common elements:
o an introduction
o description of the research design,
o discussion of the data and methods,
o bibliography.
– Also sometimes referred to as
o “empirical studies,” and they will usually
make up the majority of the content in a
journal.

11. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• A journal article
– is usually the end product of the research
process,
– a careful presentation of new ideas that has
been revised,
– sometimes over several iterations, according to
referees’ suggestions and criticisms.
– Volume, Issue?

12. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Conference Proceedings
– An article or extended abstract in a conference
proceedings can likewise be an end-product,
– but conferences are used to report work in
progress
– Conferences articles are usually refereed,
o but with more limited opportunities for iteration and
o revision,
– and may be constrained by strict length limits

13. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Review Article
– summarizes other authors’ works
– Purpose
o reviewing the state of the literature
 on a particular topic.
– contains helpful bibliographies
– can be excellent sources for identifying Research
Articles in an area of study,
– RA are not the primary source or Research Articles.

14. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Case Study
– A detailed report of clinically important cases
o of common and rare conditions.
– In the social sciences and life sciences,
o a case study (or case report) is a descriptive,
explanatory analysis of a person, group or event.
– An explanatory case study is used to explore
causation in order to find underlying principles.
– Example:
o The Use of Social Networking Sites in Education:
A Case Study of Facebook

15. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Meta-analysis
– is a mathematical synthesis of the results of two
or more primary studies
o that addressed the same hypothesis in the same
way.
– Meta-analysis refers to the analysis of analyses
o the statistical analysis of a large collection of
analysis resulted from individual studies for the
purpose of integrating the findings.
– Example.
o The Effectiveness of Computer Applications
A Meta-Analysis

16. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Technical Report
– Researchers may also publish work in early form
as a technical report to establish novelty,
o without having to wait for the often long production
schedules of academic journals.
– Advantage: available quickly
o but, because of lack of refereeing,
 readers have less confidence in the work’s
validity.
– There is no formal publishing procedures for
such reports, except where established locally.
– considered as "non-archival" publications,
– considered as grey literature.

17. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• White Paper
– is an authoritative report or
– guide helping readers to understand an issue,
– solve a problem, or
– make a decision.
– used in two main spheres:
o government and
o business-to-business marketing
– used as a means of
o presenting government policy preferences prior to the
introduction of legislation; as such, the publication of a
White Paper serves to test the climate of public opinion
regarding a controversial policy issue
o and enables the government to gauge its probable impact.

18. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Concept Paper
– Lays the foundation for the applied dissertation process,
– providing an introductory form of communication
o between the doctoral student and
o the doctoral committee.
– it allows the doctoral student the opportunity to define a
research focus and
– obtain early feedback on the research idea
• Title Page
• Problem Statement
• Literature Review
• Goal Statement
• Research Questions
• Methodology
• Timeline
• References

19. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Position Paper
– Position papers in academia enable discussion on
emerging topics
– without the experimentation and
– original research normally present in an academic
paper.

20. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Designing n Article
Kinds of Publications
1. Books
2. Theses & Dissertations
3. Research Articles
– Journal Papers,
– Conference Proceedings
4. Review Article
– Survey Paper
5. Case Study
6. Meta Analysis
7. Technical Report
8. White Paper
9. Concept Paper
10. Position Paper
11. Working Paper
• Working Paper
– A preliminary scientific or technical paper
– Preliminary materials, idea
o circulated to stimulate discussion and
o critical comment
o to share ideas about a topic or
o to elicit feedback
 before submitting to a peer reviewed
conference or academic journal
– They may be considered as grey literature

21. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
Organization
• Scientific Articles
– Follow standard structure
– Allow readers quickly discover the main idea
o Interested or
o Not interested.
– Quick Scan

22. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
Organization
• A typical article has most of the following components
1. Title & Authors
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Survey
5. Results
6. Summary
7. Bibliography
8. Appendices

23. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
Organization
1. Title & Authors
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Survey
5. Results
6. Summary
7. Bibliography
8. Appendices
• Abstract
• Motivation
• Problem Statement (why?)
• Methodology (How?)
• Results (What?)
• Conclusions

24. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
Organization
1. Title & Authors
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Survey
5. Results
6. Summary
7. Bibliography
8. Appendices
• Introduction
• Motivation
• Problem Statement (why?)
• Methodology (How?)
• Results (What?)
• Conclusions
• Expended version of the abstract

25. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
Organization
1. Title & Authors
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Survey
5. Results
6. Summary
7. Bibliography
8. Appendices
• Survey
o How your work is different from the others?
o Extension of the existing work?
o Also help the novice in the field.
o Existing solutions?
o How your solution is different and better?
o Experiments/Problem Solution/Results
o Logical Order
o Examples
o Provide background and terminology
o Major concepts
o Explain reasoning
o Details of proofs
o Experimental data
o Detail conclusion

26. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
Organization
1. Title & Authors
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Survey
5. Results
6. Summary
7. Bibliography
8. Appendices
• Summary
o Closing Summary or Conclusions
o Future work?
o Discussion
o of possible consequences.
• Bibliography
o References
o List of all articles
• Appendices
o Details
o Proofs
o Experimental results

27. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
The first draft and Composition
• Write Freely Without
– Style, Layout, or punctuation
• Concentrate
– smooth flow of idea
– Logical structure
• If stuck
– Write anything and refine later
• Write and research
– don’t wait to finish the research first
• Brainstorm
– Writing in points
• Edit and revise

28. Data & Knowledge Engineering Laboratory
Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee
Sections of Technical Paper
Choice of Word Processor
• Paper consists of
– Text
– Figures,
– Tables
– Mathematics equations
– Cross references to
o figures, table, equations, sections and bibliographic
• Two kinds of WP
– Visual style
o Problem when math is involved
– LATEX
o Produces professional results
o Best WP for scientific writing

29. Your Logo
THANK YOU
?