This document provides guidance on writing arguments about literature, including short stories and poems. It discusses selecting an issue to address, forming a claim about that issue and providing evidence to support the claim. It also covers analyzing various elements of literature like characters, themes, symbols and literary devices. The document emphasizes choosing a clear thesis, using quotes to support arguments, and comparing multiple works through their similarities and differences.
Definition of nonfiction; types of nonfiction text; strategies for reading nonfiction; features and structure of nonfiction text...Contact me for original ppt slides; these are screenshot images to retain fonts & spacing during conversion/upload.
Definition of nonfiction; types of nonfiction text; strategies for reading nonfiction; features and structure of nonfiction text...Contact me for original ppt slides; these are screenshot images to retain fonts & spacing during conversion/upload.
Children's Literature - Introduction - Definition and Elements (KMB)Kris Thel
Definition of literature - “pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poems”. (Oxford Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary).
The Giver Novel Questions, Quizzes, and ActivitiesMissMayfield
This PowerPoint uses many real-life connections to draw students into the text. It also introduces Bloom's Taxonomy to students (because why keep it secret?) and includes quizzes which utilize higher-level thinking skills. Biblical allusions are mentioned at the end.
This material is an introduction to literary criticism as subject. Definition, usage, benefits, and approaches to literary criticism have been taken as introductory part for the study and use of different literary theories to write critiques on selections from various literary genres.
This introduction to fiction genres helps young readers to understand the characteristics of historical fiction, realistic fiction, fantasy, science fiction, mystery and folktales. Through pictures, examples, and review, students will learn how to identify and use genres.
Children's Literature - Introduction - Definition and Elements (KMB)Kris Thel
Definition of literature - “pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poems”. (Oxford Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary).
The Giver Novel Questions, Quizzes, and ActivitiesMissMayfield
This PowerPoint uses many real-life connections to draw students into the text. It also introduces Bloom's Taxonomy to students (because why keep it secret?) and includes quizzes which utilize higher-level thinking skills. Biblical allusions are mentioned at the end.
This material is an introduction to literary criticism as subject. Definition, usage, benefits, and approaches to literary criticism have been taken as introductory part for the study and use of different literary theories to write critiques on selections from various literary genres.
This introduction to fiction genres helps young readers to understand the characteristics of historical fiction, realistic fiction, fantasy, science fiction, mystery and folktales. Through pictures, examples, and review, students will learn how to identify and use genres.
This is the powerpoint presentation from class (Thursday, January 19, 2012) covering embedded quotes, proper punctuation of quoted material, parenthetical citations and works cited pages.
Preparing for the EMA, 'The Arts: Past and Present' (AA100), Open UniversityJennie Osborn
Some timely reminders on how to approach an essay in preparation for the EMA. Presented at 'The Arts: Past and Present (AA100) dayschool, Hastings, Saturday 23 August 2014.
Writing a Research Paper
The thesis statement is like an outline in miniature. It is a “roadmap” for the rest of the paper.
A typical thesis statement gives brief mention to each of the paper’s main points, and it also states the overall argument the writer wishes to make.
It directly answers the question asked of you.
It makes a claim that others might dispute.
It is usually a single sentence near the end of the first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader.
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?
Do I an
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
SSCI 306
Key features:
• Talk about the subject as best as possible (concise)
• Clear statement of the intended focus
• Rationale for choosing the subject
• Mention of resources
Statement of intent to examine a topic
GOALS
• To provide a justifiable reason for your research intention.
• Allows me the opportunity to guide your research should you have
difficulty with broadening or narrowing your research topic.
Beginning the Process
Research proposals are generally organized the same way throughout
most social science disciplines as your regular academic paper.
• Read the assignment carefully
• Ask if you are not clear about any specific requirements
for organizing and writing the proposal
•What doI want tostudy?
•Whyisthetopicimportant?
•Howisit significant withinthesubject areascoveredinmyclass?
•What problemswill it helpsolve?
•Howdoesit buildupon[andhopefullygobeyond] researchalreadyconductedonthetopic?
•What exactlyshouldI plantodo, andcanI get it doneinthetimeavailable?
Ask yourself:
CONTENT OF PROPOSAL
Topic (1 sentence) Abstract/summary of
topic (~1 paragraph)
Annotated
Bibliography (2-3
sources you will likely
use in paper)
For each source, ~1
paragraph describing
what the article is
about and how it will
help your research
Outline
Provide 2-3 ideas for
your main points
TOPIC SENTENCE
Progression of an argument for your proposed
paper.
Decreasing poverty will increase access to healthcare.
Increased access to healthcare reduces chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Economic improvement decreases poverty.
Decreased chronic diseases improve economy by allowing money from emergency
room to classroom for betterment of education.
Improved education leads to more economic opportunities.
Economic opportunity leads to economic development and improvement.
ABSTRACT/SUMMARY
Provide a brief but detailed explanation of your topic.
What are you trying to do?
Why?
What do you want your reader to know?
What is the main point?
Who is the effected why and how?
Why does this matter?
How can you solve the problem?
What are some of the limits (either the study or the problem)?
What are the opportunities (either the study or the problem)?
ANNOTATED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Provide an annotated bibliography
style description of 2-3 sources.
Provide
• Evaluative annotations: offer opinions on
each source as well as describe it.
• Concise description of work: give accurate and
objective information
• Relevant commentary: provide opinion related to
your topic and purpose.
Offer
• Complete bibliographic information
Complete
• A concise description of the work
• Describe objectively and summarize the work
• Relevant commentary
• Commentary relevant to the scope and purpose of
the writing assignment
• Consistent presentation
• Effectively evaluate all sources, not just some
Provide:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B. (Year). Title of art.
i am not sure where i have acquired this so if you are the audience i apologise for not citing your creative and intellectual rights. I suspect I found it somewhere on here or on an OCR training day - i have changed it somewhat so thanks for the original
Many Marathi Dalit autobiographies have been translated into English. This PPt, based on my thesis, deals with the motifs, characterization identity formation,narrative strategies and a comparison with African American autobiographies.
In this presentation, Dr. Avon Hart-Johnson presents strategies and considerations on how to transform a dissertation to a book. Presented 12/29/17 at National Harbor, Walden PhD Residency
ENG125 Introduction to Literature How to Ask an Open-Ended .docxYASHU40
ENG125: Introduction to Literature
How to Ask an Open-Ended Question
There are two ways of asking questions: close-ended and open-ended.
Close-ended questions
· Can be answered with either a single word or a short phrase such as “yes” or “no.”
· Are easy to answer and provide no details or analysis.
· Do not encourage in-depth or long-range thinking.
Open-ended questions
· Are likely to receive an in-depth, detailed answer.
· Ask the respondent to think and reflect on what he or she has read.
· Encourage critical thinking that leads the respondent to think beyond the reading assignment.
· Usually begin with “how,” “why,” or “what.”
Examples:
Close-Ended
Open-Ended
Do you get along well with your supervisor?
How do you view your relationship with your supervisor?
Who will you vote for in this election?
What do you think about the two candidates in this election?
Did you like that story we read for this week?
What did you think of the story we read for this week?
Did the protagonist act unwisely in the story?
Why did the protagonist make the choices she did?
Did you understand Macbeth?
What were the consequences of Macbeth’s actions?
General Open-Ended Question Template
· What do you think about?
· In what way does the story/poem?
· How would you interpret the character’s______?
· How did the ending?
· What was the problem?
· Why did the story/poem ?
· Why did the character react?
· What did it mean when?
· How does the symbolism?
· What kind of conflict?
ENG125: Introduction to Literature
Critical Literary Theories
Purpose: Use this resource to learn about literary criticism.
What is literary criticism?
Literary Critical Theory is a tool that helps you find meaning in stories, poems and plays. There are many
different ways to interpret a novel or short story.
When we read literature, we do so to learn more about:
The human condition
The experience of loss and death
The structure of power in society and how it is implemented (including the issues that surround
race and gender).
The psychology of characters and individuals in general
The sociology and history of cultures that produce specific pieces of literature
Literary Theory helps us discover the things listed above in the books and stories we read.
How do I apply Literary Critical Theory to read a book?
So how do you use theory to read a book? Before exploring, in brief, different theories, it is important to
develop a reading strategy that will help you form ideas.
Woman Reading Book in a Landscape, Camille Corot
ENG125: Introduction to Literature
You should keep a reading notebook and write down ideas and information as you read. Here is a
checklist of things to notice:
Title: How does it pertain to the story? Does it symbolize events or people in the story?
Narration: Who is telling the story? How does the narrator approach the topic?
Subject: What is the basic situatio ...
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Literature
Literature that we would deem
worthy of study in the
classroom tends to require
interpretation and tends to
deal with important issues
humans face.
3. Argument
Remember that when you
argue, you try to persuade an
audience to accept your
claims about an issue,
working toward this aim by
offering evidence, showing
your reasoning, making
assumptions, and employing
other kinds of appeals.
4. Audience
• Formal, academic writing
• Follow MLA format
• No 1st or 2nd person
• No contractions
• Use elevated language. Avoid
weak, ineffectual, and vague words.
5. Argument
Come up with
• an issue worth addressing,
• a claim about that issue, &
• evidence for that claim
Be prepared to identify
• your process of reasoning &
• your assumptions
6. Thesis
• Identify an issue
• Make a main claim (about a
theme)
• Preview your evidence
7. Issues
• Fact – gaps in information given
• Theme – main claim or message
• Definition – denotative (dictionary) &
connotative (associations)
• Symbolism – representations, imagery,
metaphor
• Patterns – organization, repetition, breaks in
patterns, oppositions
• Genre – impacts readers’ expectations
8. Issues
• Evaluation – judgment of characters & artistic
quality
• Philosophical – wise?
• Ethical – morally good?
• Aesthetic – successful art?
• Historical & cultural context – author’s
biography, time period & culture; time period &
culture of work’s setting; reception of work
• Social policy – attempt to highlight problems in
society &/or promote solutions
• Cause & effect – character’s motivation,
author’s purpose
9. Literary Studies
Topics
• gender
• ethnic background
• social class
• sexual orientation
• divisions, conflicts, & multiple forces within the
self
• boundaries
• politics & ideology
• carnivals & other festivities (celebrations &
retreat from work)
10. Literary Studies
Topics
• distinctions between the universal & the
historically or culturally specific
• relations between public & private, social &
personal
• relations between “high” and “low” (or popular)
culture
• role of performance in everyday life
• religious values
• desire & pleasure
• the body
11. Devising a Theme
• What does the work say about the issue?
• Midlevel generalization
• Not cliché
• Not specific to the work
• Complications invited
• Significance of title
• Observation or recommendation
• Phrase as a problem
• “a” theme (not “the” theme)
12. Evidence
• details from the work
• literary elements & devices
• direct quotations
• facts (historical or cultural
context)
• secondary sources (analysis)
13. Questions for
Analysis
• What goes with what?
(association)
• What opposes what?
(opposition)
• What follows what? (sequence)
• What follows from what?
(consequence)
14. Short Story
Elements
• Plot & structure
• Point of view
• Characters
• Setting
• Imagery ( & symbolism)
• Language (including dialogue)
15. Poetry Elements
• Speaker & tone
• Diction &
syntax
• Figures of
speech
• metaphor
• simile
• synecdoche
• metonymy
symbols
• Sound
• rhyme
• alliteration
• assonance
• Rhythm &
meter
16. Reading Poetry
• Read poem silently.
• Read it again, this time aloud, and listen for the
language. Listen for natural points of emphasis.
• Read a third time, marking key terms as you go.
Mark passages you emphasized while reading
aloud and why these seem important or warrant
emphasis.
• Divide the poem into a beginning, middle, and
end. Think about why you made the divisions you
made. What happens in each part?
17. Quote Sandwich
• Introduce the context
of the quote.
• Quote tag & quote
(copy & punctuate
accurately).
• Explain the
significance of the
quote (how it supports
your argument).
18. Quote Sandwich
Iago suspects that Othello slept with Iago’s wife.
From then on, the jealousy that grows inside
him turns into a wild, uncontrollable fire that
refuses to be put out. Iago does not think he is
talking about himself when he tells Roderigo,
“Our bodies are gardens, to which our wills are
gardeners” (I.iii.314-315). His will is controlled
by jealousy, which causes him to act out of his
jealous nature.
19. Secondary Sources
• Must use a quote tag. No floating quotes.
• unacceptable:
“Xxxxxxxxxx” (34).
• minimum:
John Smith writes, “Xxxxxxxxxx” (34).
• better:
John Smith, professor of English at X University, asserts,
“Xxxxxxxxxx” (34).
• best:
John Smith, professor of English at X University, explains
the character’s motivation when he asserts, “Xxxxxxxxxx”
(34).
20. Quote Sandwich
Trainers also can prevent ailments as simple as
an asthma attack. Ron Walker, who is a clinical
assistant professor at the University of Tulsa in
Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses an example of a high
school basketball player who died from an
asthma attack to emphasize how important a
trainer is for prevention. Walker said, “Her death
might have been prevented had her coach been
properly trained or if an athletic trainer were
present” (qtd. in Brewer). Being a medical
professional, a trainer is able to keep things
under control so a problem or injury does not
become something so drastic.
21. Quote Sandwich
Odysseus’s nostos story, then, becomes
not only one of literal return to home by
surviving life-threatening dangers but
also a return to the self. W. B. Stanford
sums up this sentiment when he writes,
“The movement of the Odyssey is
essentially inwards, homewards,
towards normality” (50). Through his
nostos, Odysseus achieves the soldier’s
return as he struggles to reintegrate into
the normal, domestic world that he left
22. Explain Reasoning &
Assumptions: Sample
“This is why having a good family is so
important in today’s society because there are
so many people out there that are so
accustomed to bad moral character and will
share that with others around them. For the
ones that are accustomed to bad morals, such
as Isis , are taking Americans with somewhat of
a good morality and infesting them with their
awful morals. If more and more people get
accustomed to the morals such as Isis has, the
world will be a really scary place to live in.”
23. Explain Reasoning &
Assumptions: Sample
“To most people in the U.S, Abu Bakr al-
Baghdadi , the leader of the terrorist group,
ISIS, has no value for family nor love nor
friendship; that is why he kills people without
thinking about the effect it would have on
their families. A man with wise judgment
would not be able to lead a terrorist group
and make the world unsafe for billions of
people in order to prove a point.”
24. Explain Reasoning &
Assumptions: Sample
“Say there are two first-world countries with a similar
number of citizens, and they conduct a literacy census
on their respective populations. Once the census for
each country is completed, it is revealed that Country
One has a much higher literacy rate than Country Two.
The leaders of Country Two decide that they need to
take measures in order to raise their country’s literacy
rate to at least match Country One’s literacy rate. Envy
makes people within a community want to better
themselves, and if they were deprived of it, society
would become dull and stagnant, with everyone
content with what they have and never wanting
25. Explain Reasoning &
Assumptions: Sample
“For example, the terrorist group in Nigeria,
Boko Haram, forbade western education
because they believe it defies their religion,
so they terrorize others that do not have the
same belief. If this terrorist group valued
respect for others, they would acknowledge
and even protect others’ views of western
education, thereby creating a safer world.”
26. Comparison
• Write a thoughtful analytical response to
each piece individually.
• Take notes on similarities and differences
between the two pieces.
• Identify an issue that both pieces
address. Do they share any themes?
• Consider weighting your comparison
(see Arguing about Literature pg 115)
27. Structures for
Comparison
• Address one piece fully, then the
second piece (2 or 4 body paragraphs).
• Address a literary element or device in
each piece, then a different literary
element or device in each piece (2 or 4
body paragraphs).
• Weighted comparison: Focus on one
piece and use the other only as
support.