What follows is a set of ideas on writing papers in sociology. The.docxphilipnelson29183
What follows is a set of ideas on writing papers in sociology. The objective is to provide you with guidelines to consider.
COMPOSING AN OUTLINE
It should be strictly adhered to. For example:
I. Introduction
II. Literature Review and Methods for the Collection of Data
III. Discussion and Analysis
IV. Conclusion
V. Bibliography
CAREFULLY CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC
First seek out journal articles or books on your chosen subject to get some sense of style and outline. Read critically and make notes.
DATA COLLECTION
Decide what methods you will use to collect data to inform your work.
COMPOSING THE PAPER
1. State as precisely as possible, the question you intent to pursue.
2. Sketch the main line of your argument or the major elements of your explanation.
3. Note any significant source material.
4. Footnotes are used for the following purposes:
d. to indicate the exact source of every question used;
d. to acknowledge indebtedness to others for opinions or ideas;
d. to give the authority for a fact that the reader might be inclined to doubt because it is outside his/her ordinary experience, e.g. history
CITING SOURCES/REFERENCES
Citing references refers to the acknowledgment in your paper of the sources of words, information, ideas, or interpretations other than your own. These may be in terms of paraphrases or direct quotation of others. In either case, documentation is mandatory.
HINTS ON PRESENTATION
One issue about which students worry , is the thought of being accused of writing only 'their own opinion'. Opinion is involved in everything that is written. However, the following practices help avoid essays which are unbalanced, or opinionated.
1. Present conflicting ideas. It is often useful to say that 'one explanation is...' but 'some contrary views are expressed by... ', or 'one way of understanding this is...' Try to entertain alternative explanations or interpretations.
2. Present supporting evidence. Often you can choose between different explanations by showing that evidence supports one position and not others.
3. Make use of quotations. Quoting the 'experts' can often be an effective strategy (although experts can be wrong.)
4. Structuring information in sequence. Your ideas should build on one another. Once you have established a point (either through quotation or evidence, or both), it can be used effectively to argue against other interpretations.
EVALUATING A PAPER
General criteria of evaluation are spelled out below but they have, of course, been central to everything said above. They are loosely arranged in order of importance.
1. Statement of clear purpose in the introduction.
2. Clear, precise, specification of an important sociological question (puzzle, topic).
3. Logical development of a well-rounded argument.
4. Evidence that the nature of the topic under consideration is understood (for example: awareness and appreciation of alternative views).
5. Evidence that available information has been consulted (relevant quotes, publicity ava.
What follows is a set of ideas on writing papers in sociology. The.docxphilipnelson29183
What follows is a set of ideas on writing papers in sociology. The objective is to provide you with guidelines to consider.
COMPOSING AN OUTLINE
It should be strictly adhered to. For example:
I. Introduction
II. Literature Review and Methods for the Collection of Data
III. Discussion and Analysis
IV. Conclusion
V. Bibliography
CAREFULLY CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC
First seek out journal articles or books on your chosen subject to get some sense of style and outline. Read critically and make notes.
DATA COLLECTION
Decide what methods you will use to collect data to inform your work.
COMPOSING THE PAPER
1. State as precisely as possible, the question you intent to pursue.
2. Sketch the main line of your argument or the major elements of your explanation.
3. Note any significant source material.
4. Footnotes are used for the following purposes:
d. to indicate the exact source of every question used;
d. to acknowledge indebtedness to others for opinions or ideas;
d. to give the authority for a fact that the reader might be inclined to doubt because it is outside his/her ordinary experience, e.g. history
CITING SOURCES/REFERENCES
Citing references refers to the acknowledgment in your paper of the sources of words, information, ideas, or interpretations other than your own. These may be in terms of paraphrases or direct quotation of others. In either case, documentation is mandatory.
HINTS ON PRESENTATION
One issue about which students worry , is the thought of being accused of writing only 'their own opinion'. Opinion is involved in everything that is written. However, the following practices help avoid essays which are unbalanced, or opinionated.
1. Present conflicting ideas. It is often useful to say that 'one explanation is...' but 'some contrary views are expressed by... ', or 'one way of understanding this is...' Try to entertain alternative explanations or interpretations.
2. Present supporting evidence. Often you can choose between different explanations by showing that evidence supports one position and not others.
3. Make use of quotations. Quoting the 'experts' can often be an effective strategy (although experts can be wrong.)
4. Structuring information in sequence. Your ideas should build on one another. Once you have established a point (either through quotation or evidence, or both), it can be used effectively to argue against other interpretations.
EVALUATING A PAPER
General criteria of evaluation are spelled out below but they have, of course, been central to everything said above. They are loosely arranged in order of importance.
1. Statement of clear purpose in the introduction.
2. Clear, precise, specification of an important sociological question (puzzle, topic).
3. Logical development of a well-rounded argument.
4. Evidence that the nature of the topic under consideration is understood (for example: awareness and appreciation of alternative views).
5. Evidence that available information has been consulted (relevant quotes, publicity ava.
1. What are your ideas for your Research Topic inspired by Jac.docxambersalomon88660
1. What are your ideas for your Research Topic inspired by Jacqueline Woodson’s Another
Brooklyn?
Women’s Rights Movement and how Mary Tyler Moore (The Show) helped.
2. Why are you interested in this research? What does it matter to you?
Women’s Rights is an interesting topic for me I’ve always been interested in this particular topic.
I don’t have a specific reason, but maybe because of the lack of women’s rights in the Middle
East.
3. What is the purpose of your research? What question(s) do you want to answer?
The purpose of this research is to show women’s power and inspire other. The questions I’d like
to answer are:
-When and how did the movement started?
-Who started it?
-How did Mary Tyler Moore helped (The Show) changed women perspective about themselves?
-How did it change the US?
-What rights did women accomplished?
-How is it different from now?
4. What are the key words you will use to research your topic? List the words:
-Women’s Rights Movement
-Mary Tyler Moore
-Women’s rights
5. What is your working thesis?
Women’s rights movement is important because it promotes women engagement in political
affairs, sensitizes on social relations and promotes gender equality.
6. What ‘Pattern of Organization’ do you envision as best-suited for your paper? (Note
these ‘Pattern of Organization’ for your research will also be reviewed in class)
Problem and solution.
7. What are likely sources of information (peer-reviewed academic journals, major general
interest newspaper geared toward college educated audience include: New York Times,
Washington Post, Bloomberg Business, Time Magazine, TRADE Publications focused
on
your filed? LIST AT LEAST THREE sources, include data and author or authority:
● Baxter, Judith. Positioning Gender In Discourse. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
● Hollows, Joanne. Feminism, Femininity, And Popular Culture . : Manchester University
Press., 2000.
● Klein, Allison. What Would Murphy Brown Do? . Seal Press, 2006.
● Porizkova, Paulina. "America Made Me A Feminist." The New York Times , 2017,
Accessed 15 Nov 2018.
8. What are your concerns (personal and/or professional) as you approach this project?
The key personal concerns are;
Is the government doing enough towards the women’s rights movement sustainability?
Are women engaged in these movements as much as they should?
What is the role of institutions in fostering women rights?
HUM 2313 – Cultural Identification Essay
Due October 23, 100 points
1. This assignment asks you to confront your own sense of identity as well as your prejudices. Write a 3 – 6-page essay discussing your identification as a participant in a culture or in various overlapping cultures. Please indicate some of your own personal connections to major themes from readings of the course such as, but not limited to: home, family, heritage, beliefs, etc. Generally, how do you connect to some of those.
~ 1a) Social Inequality The Week 4 Instructor Question meets t.docxtawnyataylor528
~ 1a) Social Inequality
The Week 4 Instructor Question meets the following course objectives:
•Apply a sociological perspective to the social world
•Analyze contemporary social issues using the sociological imagination and use sociological theories and concepts to analyze everyday life.
•Discuss global stratification and explain social class and the impact of stratification in the United States.
•Describe sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and the elderly in the United States as well as how inequality, prejudice, and discrimination impacts certain groups of people in society
•Develop written communication skills and critical thinking skills.
•Apply American Psychological Association formatting and citation style when completing course assignments.
Initial forum postings should be a minimum of 250 words. Each student must also respond to a minimum of 1 fellow students' postings; each response must be at least 100 words in length.
Choose ONE of the following questions:
1. How is power wielded in the social world? Do agree more with functionalist or conflict theorists regarding the concept of power in a democracy? Be sure to describe both the functionalist and conflict perspectives on power in society and provide evidence or examples to support your position.
2. Describe the functionalist view of social stratification, and the conflict theory's view of social stratification. Then take a pro or con position on each of the following three points: first, social stratification is necessary for societies to exist and prosper; second, the United States functions, overall, as a meritocracy; and third, human beings-driven as they are by human nature-are incapable of ever creating and/or living in a classless society. Provide detail about 'why' you are taking the pro or con position for each point.
3. Will there ever be complete equality between males and females in the United States? Should there be? What would constitute complete equality? Do you think the women's movement is stronger or weaker today than it was in the 1970s? In what ways? In challenging gender stratification, do you think that feminists sometimes over-exaggerate the problem of sexual inequality in the United States? If so, how? The text offers a few explanations for the origins of patriarchy while ignoring religion. Given that Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all patriarchal religions, do you think that the feminist movement is an attack against religion? Finally, what is a feminist? Are you a feminist? If so, why? If not, why? Be sure to use examples from the text in your discussion.
~1b) Social Inequality
The Week 4 WSMP meets the following course objectives:
•Apply a sociological perspective to the social world
•Analyze contemporary social issues using the sociological imagination and use sociological theories and concepts to analyze everyday life.
•Demonstrate the ability to identify, locate, and retrieve information related to the topics .
McClintock-Walsh ENGL 151 Assignment Sheet Final PaperLength.docxandreecapon
McClintock-Walsh ENGL 151
Assignment Sheet: Final Paper
Length: 6-8 pages (not including Works Cited List)
Due Date: Rough draft: in our conferences
Final: See syllabus
No late papers will be accepted!
Write a 6-8 page paper (that incorporates research) on any of the works we have read in this class. (If you choose to write about a work you have written about already, the content of this paper must be significantly different from what you have already written.) Although this is a research paper, remember that YOUR ideas are important. I do not want you to turn in a book report or a Wikipedia entry. Rather, you should be developing an insightful reading of one or more works that you support with the text and with outside sources. Remember, we research to fulfill our curiosities, to deepen our knowledge of a subject or author, or to make ourselves more of an expert on the works we are covering. We do NOT research to mimic or regurgitate someone else’s ideas.
Remember it is of the utmost importance that you develop a specific thesis, or argument, that you will be able to prove with research and textual analysis. Remember: a thesis statement should arise from a question you have about the work(s) (i.e., What is the significance of the Perseus and Danae myth in Room? OR What confines characters in Room, “The Hunger Artist,” and/or “The Yellow Wallpaper” ? OR According to Langston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks, and/or Anna Deavere Smith, where does racism come from, and how can society overcome it?). Your thesis statement should be an answer to this question (i.e., Donoghue uses allusion to Greek mythology to both illustrate all of the levels of imprisonment Ma and Jack face). You should use the rest of the paper to support your own unique argument with close readings of the text and with research. Think of the thesis statement as your radical declaration; think of the rest of the paper as the evidence that supports your radical declaration. (A strong thesis statement in a research paper will be very narrow and focused. A thesis that seems too narrow is always preferable to a thesis that is too broad.)
Please AVOID PLOT SUMMARY. I have already read these works, so you are writing for an informed audience.
You may choose to write your paper on one work we have discussed this semester, or you may compare/contrast two works. Remember that research should help you become more of an expert on your subject, and that research should be an organic process that helps you fill in gaps in your own knowledge, or deepens your understanding of a work, author, or concept. Let your own questions and curiosities guide you in your research.
I do not like to set an exact number of sources that you must use, but this type of paper will likely require you to consult and use at least three outside sources that you will incorporate in a meaningful way into your paper. You may not use the internet alone for your research; I will be unimpressed by flimsy, general ...
Final Paper AssignmentDescription Now that you have produced .docxlmelaine
Final Paper Assignment
Description: Now that you have produced a research proposal and an annotated bibliography, it’s time to compose your final research paper on your selected event, which you will argue advanced a sociopolitical goal of feminism or contributed to a more multicultural American society. For purposes of this assignment, we will define multiculturalism as a willingness to be transformed by the multiple distinct but varied subjectivities informed by identity markers such as gender, race, sexual orientation, and socio-economic class, which overlap and intersect in complex and fluid arrangements. In a multicultural world, these distinct but varied voices are authorized to speak and empowered to shift our ontological formations such that we may move past dualistic thinking and, as Gloria Anzaldúa writes “stretch the psyche horizontally and vertically” toward “a more whole perspective, one that includes rather than excludes” (Freedman 388). Each of you has selected an event that you believe has contributed to these goals as articulated by the thinkers we’ve engaged this term. Now is your chance to explain your event’s meaning and argue for its importance.
Your final research paper should include the following parts in no particular order:
· a thesis statement that makes a specific claim about the impact your event had on our goals for a more just, more multicultural America; your thesis should help you fulfill your paper’s rhetorical exigence or primary purpose;
· background information that situates the event in its sociohistorical moment and scales the information given to the audience of readers you have in mind;
· a sustained, audience-aware argument that interprets the meaning of your event from a feminist perspective by relying on relevant scholarship;
· analysis of the rhetoric surrounding your event both from public/popular sources and academic sources;
· where applicable, description and analysis of normalizing/regulatory responses or backlashes to your event by institutions, ideological beliefs, or groups of citizens who push back against any advancements triggered by your event;
· optional: you may include a section that describes the need for additional work in the area advanced by your event.
Form: Papers should be approximately 2,250 words not including your works cited page. In addition to formatting your works cited page per MLA formatting, please also use that same format throughout your paper. Using MLA rules to guide you, be sure that all quoted material is fluidly integrated into the text, preceded by introduction and followed with parenthetical citations. While you will need to include other voices in your paper, do not subordinate your voice to those quoted in your paper. Use a confident, direct, and specific voice throughout your paper—avoid vague and wordy constructions—and remember to keep a specific audience in mind as you write.
29 October 2019
SlutWalk’s Demand to End Rape Culture:
Proposal
After ...
1. What are your ideas for your Research Topic inspired by Jac.docxambersalomon88660
1. What are your ideas for your Research Topic inspired by Jacqueline Woodson’s Another
Brooklyn?
Women’s Rights Movement and how Mary Tyler Moore (The Show) helped.
2. Why are you interested in this research? What does it matter to you?
Women’s Rights is an interesting topic for me I’ve always been interested in this particular topic.
I don’t have a specific reason, but maybe because of the lack of women’s rights in the Middle
East.
3. What is the purpose of your research? What question(s) do you want to answer?
The purpose of this research is to show women’s power and inspire other. The questions I’d like
to answer are:
-When and how did the movement started?
-Who started it?
-How did Mary Tyler Moore helped (The Show) changed women perspective about themselves?
-How did it change the US?
-What rights did women accomplished?
-How is it different from now?
4. What are the key words you will use to research your topic? List the words:
-Women’s Rights Movement
-Mary Tyler Moore
-Women’s rights
5. What is your working thesis?
Women’s rights movement is important because it promotes women engagement in political
affairs, sensitizes on social relations and promotes gender equality.
6. What ‘Pattern of Organization’ do you envision as best-suited for your paper? (Note
these ‘Pattern of Organization’ for your research will also be reviewed in class)
Problem and solution.
7. What are likely sources of information (peer-reviewed academic journals, major general
interest newspaper geared toward college educated audience include: New York Times,
Washington Post, Bloomberg Business, Time Magazine, TRADE Publications focused
on
your filed? LIST AT LEAST THREE sources, include data and author or authority:
● Baxter, Judith. Positioning Gender In Discourse. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
● Hollows, Joanne. Feminism, Femininity, And Popular Culture . : Manchester University
Press., 2000.
● Klein, Allison. What Would Murphy Brown Do? . Seal Press, 2006.
● Porizkova, Paulina. "America Made Me A Feminist." The New York Times , 2017,
Accessed 15 Nov 2018.
8. What are your concerns (personal and/or professional) as you approach this project?
The key personal concerns are;
Is the government doing enough towards the women’s rights movement sustainability?
Are women engaged in these movements as much as they should?
What is the role of institutions in fostering women rights?
HUM 2313 – Cultural Identification Essay
Due October 23, 100 points
1. This assignment asks you to confront your own sense of identity as well as your prejudices. Write a 3 – 6-page essay discussing your identification as a participant in a culture or in various overlapping cultures. Please indicate some of your own personal connections to major themes from readings of the course such as, but not limited to: home, family, heritage, beliefs, etc. Generally, how do you connect to some of those.
~ 1a) Social Inequality The Week 4 Instructor Question meets t.docxtawnyataylor528
~ 1a) Social Inequality
The Week 4 Instructor Question meets the following course objectives:
•Apply a sociological perspective to the social world
•Analyze contemporary social issues using the sociological imagination and use sociological theories and concepts to analyze everyday life.
•Discuss global stratification and explain social class and the impact of stratification in the United States.
•Describe sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and the elderly in the United States as well as how inequality, prejudice, and discrimination impacts certain groups of people in society
•Develop written communication skills and critical thinking skills.
•Apply American Psychological Association formatting and citation style when completing course assignments.
Initial forum postings should be a minimum of 250 words. Each student must also respond to a minimum of 1 fellow students' postings; each response must be at least 100 words in length.
Choose ONE of the following questions:
1. How is power wielded in the social world? Do agree more with functionalist or conflict theorists regarding the concept of power in a democracy? Be sure to describe both the functionalist and conflict perspectives on power in society and provide evidence or examples to support your position.
2. Describe the functionalist view of social stratification, and the conflict theory's view of social stratification. Then take a pro or con position on each of the following three points: first, social stratification is necessary for societies to exist and prosper; second, the United States functions, overall, as a meritocracy; and third, human beings-driven as they are by human nature-are incapable of ever creating and/or living in a classless society. Provide detail about 'why' you are taking the pro or con position for each point.
3. Will there ever be complete equality between males and females in the United States? Should there be? What would constitute complete equality? Do you think the women's movement is stronger or weaker today than it was in the 1970s? In what ways? In challenging gender stratification, do you think that feminists sometimes over-exaggerate the problem of sexual inequality in the United States? If so, how? The text offers a few explanations for the origins of patriarchy while ignoring religion. Given that Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all patriarchal religions, do you think that the feminist movement is an attack against religion? Finally, what is a feminist? Are you a feminist? If so, why? If not, why? Be sure to use examples from the text in your discussion.
~1b) Social Inequality
The Week 4 WSMP meets the following course objectives:
•Apply a sociological perspective to the social world
•Analyze contemporary social issues using the sociological imagination and use sociological theories and concepts to analyze everyday life.
•Demonstrate the ability to identify, locate, and retrieve information related to the topics .
McClintock-Walsh ENGL 151 Assignment Sheet Final PaperLength.docxandreecapon
McClintock-Walsh ENGL 151
Assignment Sheet: Final Paper
Length: 6-8 pages (not including Works Cited List)
Due Date: Rough draft: in our conferences
Final: See syllabus
No late papers will be accepted!
Write a 6-8 page paper (that incorporates research) on any of the works we have read in this class. (If you choose to write about a work you have written about already, the content of this paper must be significantly different from what you have already written.) Although this is a research paper, remember that YOUR ideas are important. I do not want you to turn in a book report or a Wikipedia entry. Rather, you should be developing an insightful reading of one or more works that you support with the text and with outside sources. Remember, we research to fulfill our curiosities, to deepen our knowledge of a subject or author, or to make ourselves more of an expert on the works we are covering. We do NOT research to mimic or regurgitate someone else’s ideas.
Remember it is of the utmost importance that you develop a specific thesis, or argument, that you will be able to prove with research and textual analysis. Remember: a thesis statement should arise from a question you have about the work(s) (i.e., What is the significance of the Perseus and Danae myth in Room? OR What confines characters in Room, “The Hunger Artist,” and/or “The Yellow Wallpaper” ? OR According to Langston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks, and/or Anna Deavere Smith, where does racism come from, and how can society overcome it?). Your thesis statement should be an answer to this question (i.e., Donoghue uses allusion to Greek mythology to both illustrate all of the levels of imprisonment Ma and Jack face). You should use the rest of the paper to support your own unique argument with close readings of the text and with research. Think of the thesis statement as your radical declaration; think of the rest of the paper as the evidence that supports your radical declaration. (A strong thesis statement in a research paper will be very narrow and focused. A thesis that seems too narrow is always preferable to a thesis that is too broad.)
Please AVOID PLOT SUMMARY. I have already read these works, so you are writing for an informed audience.
You may choose to write your paper on one work we have discussed this semester, or you may compare/contrast two works. Remember that research should help you become more of an expert on your subject, and that research should be an organic process that helps you fill in gaps in your own knowledge, or deepens your understanding of a work, author, or concept. Let your own questions and curiosities guide you in your research.
I do not like to set an exact number of sources that you must use, but this type of paper will likely require you to consult and use at least three outside sources that you will incorporate in a meaningful way into your paper. You may not use the internet alone for your research; I will be unimpressed by flimsy, general ...
Final Paper AssignmentDescription Now that you have produced .docxlmelaine
Final Paper Assignment
Description: Now that you have produced a research proposal and an annotated bibliography, it’s time to compose your final research paper on your selected event, which you will argue advanced a sociopolitical goal of feminism or contributed to a more multicultural American society. For purposes of this assignment, we will define multiculturalism as a willingness to be transformed by the multiple distinct but varied subjectivities informed by identity markers such as gender, race, sexual orientation, and socio-economic class, which overlap and intersect in complex and fluid arrangements. In a multicultural world, these distinct but varied voices are authorized to speak and empowered to shift our ontological formations such that we may move past dualistic thinking and, as Gloria Anzaldúa writes “stretch the psyche horizontally and vertically” toward “a more whole perspective, one that includes rather than excludes” (Freedman 388). Each of you has selected an event that you believe has contributed to these goals as articulated by the thinkers we’ve engaged this term. Now is your chance to explain your event’s meaning and argue for its importance.
Your final research paper should include the following parts in no particular order:
· a thesis statement that makes a specific claim about the impact your event had on our goals for a more just, more multicultural America; your thesis should help you fulfill your paper’s rhetorical exigence or primary purpose;
· background information that situates the event in its sociohistorical moment and scales the information given to the audience of readers you have in mind;
· a sustained, audience-aware argument that interprets the meaning of your event from a feminist perspective by relying on relevant scholarship;
· analysis of the rhetoric surrounding your event both from public/popular sources and academic sources;
· where applicable, description and analysis of normalizing/regulatory responses or backlashes to your event by institutions, ideological beliefs, or groups of citizens who push back against any advancements triggered by your event;
· optional: you may include a section that describes the need for additional work in the area advanced by your event.
Form: Papers should be approximately 2,250 words not including your works cited page. In addition to formatting your works cited page per MLA formatting, please also use that same format throughout your paper. Using MLA rules to guide you, be sure that all quoted material is fluidly integrated into the text, preceded by introduction and followed with parenthetical citations. While you will need to include other voices in your paper, do not subordinate your voice to those quoted in your paper. Use a confident, direct, and specific voice throughout your paper—avoid vague and wordy constructions—and remember to keep a specific audience in mind as you write.
29 October 2019
SlutWalk’s Demand to End Rape Culture:
Proposal
After ...
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. FHS Social Sciences
Overview of Unit
•Introduction – ACT Reading Test
•Lesson 1 – Active Reading
•Lesson 2 – Question Types: MI & SD
•Lesson 3 – Questions Types: Inference
•Lesson 4 – Distracters: Weasel & Shift
•Lesson 5 – Distracters: Enticer & Extreme
3. Introduction to the Test:
Four Types of Passages
The ACT Reading passages almost always
appear in the following order:
•Prose Fiction
•Social Science
•Humanities
•Natural Science
4. Our Focus - the Social
Science Reading
Description
- 775 words
- Questions based on passages from
any of the following subjects:
Anthropology, Archaeology,
Economics, History,
Political science, and Sociology.
5. Introduction to the Test:
Types of Questions
•Main Idea Questions (MI)
•Supporting Detail Questions (SD)
•Inference/Evaluation Questions (I)
6. Introduction to the Test:
Main Idea Questions
•Understanding theme/thesis
•Understanding author’s purpose
•Determine which of the answer choices best
summarizes the information presented in the
passage either as a whole or in a specific
paragraph.
7. Introduction to the Test:
Main Idea Question Stems
•Which of the following is the main point…?
•The main argument the author makes
about. . . is:
•What is the main purpose of [a specific
paragraph or line]?
8. Introduction to the Test:
Supporting Details Questions
• Shows understanding of individual points
• Demonstrate comprehension and careful
understanding
• Determine which fact(s) best supports main idea.
• Sequence the events in the passage
9. Introduction to the Test:
Supporting Details Question Stems
• According to the [a specific paragraph/section/passage]…
• Who/when/what/where did…
• According to the passage, all of the following are true about -----
- EXCEPT. . .
• The passage makes it clear that…
10. Introduction to the Test:
Inference-Evaluation Questions
• Make judgments
• Identify the implications of the supporting details in
the passage.
• Draw conclusions based on reading the passage
• Determine the author’s idea through generalization
of the facts
11. Introduction to the Test:
Inference-Evaluation Questions
• Analyze cause-and-effect relationships
• Identify multiple meanings of a word and determine
its definition with context clues from the passage
• Determine the implications of the author’s general
tone or attitude
12. Introduction to the Test:
Inference-Evaluation Question Stems
• The author suggests/implies/ that…
• It can most reasonably be inferred that the author….
• With which of the following statements would the author agree?
• According to the passage, the WORD/TERM ‘…’ means which
of the following?
• The idea….is best exemplified by which of the following
quotations from the passage?
• The attitude of the author toward x is…
13.
14. Lesson #1: Active Reading
•Structural Clues
•Annotating
•Hinge Words
15. Active Reading: Structural Clues
Each passage was written by a PERSON,
and people write for a purpose.
Some authors want to trace historical causes or
consequences.
Some authors want to critique a theory.
Some authors want to draw a comparison between two
things.
Some authors want to tell a story.
Some authors just want to describe something.
16. Active Reading: Structural Clues
Why is it
important to
figure out
WHY
an author wrote
a passage?
Many questions ask
you what the
AUTHOR means,
NOT what YOU
think!
Knowing what the
AUTHOR would say
can help you answer
confusing questions!
17. Active Reading: Structural Clues
Think of the passage as a map
Questions are like hints as to where to go
next
The passage gives you the rest: Anticipate
author’s direction by noticing structural clues
(how passage is organized, where
paragraphs break, what words are bold or
italicized)
18. Active Reading: Structural Clues
Look up the answers
Don’t remember them—find them!
Think of the passage as a reference book
and refer back.
Don’t trust your memory!
19. Active Reading: Annotate
WRITE ON THE
TEST as you read!!
Use different marks
to mean different
things.
•Circle names of
people
•Underline critical
phrases, terms,
main ideas
•Number (“1,” “2,”
“3,” etc.) ideas in a
sequence
No matter what,
underline
“key words” in the
question stem.
Look for those
“key words” in the
passage.
20. Active Reading: Example from Humanities
(56A)
Question
21. The passage indicates that religion,
support groups, and soap operas
are alike in that they all:
A. Are circulated by a common
culture
B. Provide a way to combat
loneliness.
C. Appear intimate but are remote.
D. Enable people to participate
vicariously.
Text from Passage
“Undoubtedly, each of these notions does
explain part of the soaps’ mass appeal.
Soaps can ease the loneliness and
boredom of life. They do offer advice,
sometimes implicitly, often explicitly, on
what to wear, how to conduct love
affairs, how to save a marriage, how to
handle one’s children, how to cope with
heartache, how to enjoy the intrigue of
romance.” (lines 19-25)
“Loneliness, we are repeatedly told, has
become pandemic in
America…Whether through religion,
clubs, associations, or support
groups—or through daily immersion in a
favorite soap—many Americans search
for some kind of communal life to
counter varying degrees of social
isolation and alienation.” (lines 42-48)
21. Active Reading: Example from Humanities
(56A)
Question
21. The passage indicates that religion,
support groups, and soap operas
are alike in that they all:
A. Are circulated by a common
culture
B. Provide a way to combat
loneliness.
C. Appear intimate but are remote.
D. Enable people to participate
vicariously.
Text from Passage
“Undoubtedly, each of these notions does
explain part of the soaps’ mass appeal.
Soaps can ease the loneliness and
boredom of life. They do offer advice,
sometimes implicitly, often explicitly, on
what to wear, how to conduct love
affairs, how to save a marriage, how to
handle one’s children, how to cope with
heartache, how to enjoy the intrigue of
romance.” (lines 19-25)
“Loneliness, we are repeatedly told, has
become pandemic in
America…Whether through religion,
clubs, associations, or support
groups—or through daily immersion in a
favorite soap—many Americans search
for some kind of communal life to
counter varying degrees of social
isolation and alienation.” (lines 42-48)
22. Active Reading: Example from Humanities
(56A)
Question
21. The passage indicates that religion,
support groups, and soap operas
are alike in that they all:
A. Are circulated by a common
culture
B. Provide a way to combat
loneliness.
C. Appear intimate but are remote.
D. Enable people to participate
vicariously.
Text from Passage
“Undoubtedly, each of these notions does
explain part of the soaps’ mass appeal.
Soaps can ease the loneliness and
boredom of life. They do offer advice,
sometimes implicitly, often explicitly, on
what to wear, how to conduct love
affairs, how to save a marriage, how to
handle one’s children, how to cope with
heartache, how to enjoy the intrigue of
romance.” (lines 19-25)
“Loneliness, we are repeatedly told, has
become pandemic in
America…Whether through religion,
clubs, associations, or support
groups—or through daily immersion in a
favorite soap—many Americans search
for some kind of communal life to
counter varying degrees of social
isolation and alienation.” (lines 42-48)
23. Active Reading: Example from Social
Science (56A)
Question
17. Which of the following events was
the first to occur, according to the
passage?
A. The National American Woman
Suffrage Association began their
campaign.
B. The first women’s rights meeting was
held in Seneca Falls.
C. Massachusetts held a referendum on
whether suffrage should be extended
to females.
D. The General Federation of Women’s
Clubs endorsed women’s suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In 1910 the fight for women’s suffrage
was more that sixty years old, a
national campaign by the National
American Woman Suffrage Assoc
was twenty years old..” (Lines 3 - 6)
“First women’s rights meeting at Seneca
Falls in 1848.” (Line 38)
“1895 Massachusetts conducted a
referendum …whether suffrage
should be extended to females.”
(lines 56 – 60)
“ The General Federation of Women’s
Clubs did not endorse suffrage until
1914.” (lines 84 – 85)
24. Active Reading: Example from Social
Science (56A)
Question
17. Which of the following events was
the first to occur, according to the
passage?
A. The National American Woman
Suffrage Association began their
campaign.
B. The first women’s rights meeting was
held in Seneca Falls.
C. Massachusetts held a referendum on
whether suffrage should be extended
to females.
D. The General Federation of Women’s
Clubs endorsed women’s suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In 1910 the fight for women’s suffrage
was more that sixty years old, a
national campaign by the National
American Woman Suffrage Assoc
was twenty years old..” (Lines 3 - 6)
“First women’s rights meeting at Seneca
Falls in 1848.” (Line 38)
“1895 Massachusetts conducted a
referendum …whether suffrage
should be extended to females.”
(lines 56 – 60)
“ The General Federation of Women’s
Clubs did not endorse suffrage until
1914.” (lines 84 – 85)
25. Active Reading: Example from Social
Science (56A)
Question
17. Which of the following events was
the first to occur, according to the
passage?
A. The National American Woman
Suffrage Association began their
campaign.
B. The first women’s rights meeting was
held in Seneca Falls.
C. Massachusetts held a referendum on
whether suffrage should be extended
to females.
D. The General Federation of Women’s
Clubs endorsed women’s suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In 1910 the fight for women’s suffrage
was more that sixty years old, a
national campaign by the National
American Woman Suffrage Assoc
was twenty years old..” (Lines 3 - 6)
“First women’s rights meeting at Seneca
Falls in 1848.” (Line 38)
“1895 Massachusetts conducted a
referendum …whether suffrage
should be extended to females.”
(lines 56 – 60)
“ The General Federation of Women’s
Clubs did not endorse suffrage until
1914.” (lines 84 – 85)
26. Active Reading: Hinge Words
Underline or circle
hinge words
• Words or phrases that
are used to alert you
to shifts in thought
• Words or phrases that
are used to drive a
point home
• Answers are often
located near hinge
words!
Common Hinge Words
but, although, yet,
however, as a result,
nevertheless, on the
other hand, despite,
while, in spite of,
consequently,
therefore, thus,
alternatively
27. Active Reading: Example from Social
Science (56A)
Question
15. The passage presents the
information that in 1910 “women could
vote in only Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and
Colorado” (lines 6-7) primarily to make
the point that the:
A. Women’s suffrage movement had made
little progress up to that time.
B. Women’s suffrage movement was just
then beginning to get started.
C. Women’s suffrage movement has made
tremendous strides since then.
D. Western states were the first to be
receptive to the cause of women’s
suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In 1910 the fight for women’s suffrage
was more than sixty years old, a
national campaign by the National
American Woman Suffrage
Association was twenty years old,
and yet women could vote in only
Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and
Colorado.” (lines 3-7)
28. Active Reading: Example from Social
Science (56A)
Question
15. The passage presents the
information that in 1910 “women could
vote in only Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and
Colorado” (lines 6-7) primarily to make
the point that the:
A. Women’s suffrage movement had made
little progress up to that time.
B. Women’s suffrage movement was just
then beginning to get started.
C. Women’s suffrage movement has made
tremendous strides since then.
D. Western states were the first to be
receptive to the cause of women’s
suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In 1910 the fight for women’s suffrage
was more than sixty years old, a
national campaign by the National
American Woman Suffrage
Association was twenty years old,
and yet women could vote in only
Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and
Colorado.” (lines 3-7)
(this implies that there HAD
been action, but the word
“yet” tells you that the long
period of action had not
accomplished much!!!)
29. Active Reading: Example from Social
Science (56A)
Question
15. The passage presents the
information that in 1910 “women could
vote in only Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and
Colorado” (lines 6-7) primarily to make
the point that the:
A. Women’s suffrage movement had made
little progress up to that time.
B. Women’s suffrage movement was just
then beginning to get started.
C. Women’s suffrage movement has made
tremendous strides since then.
D. Western states were the first to be
receptive to the cause of women’s
suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In 1910 the fight for women’s suffrage
was more than sixty years old, a
national campaign by the National
American Woman Suffrage
Association was twenty years old,
and yet women could vote in only
Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and
Colorado.” (lines 3-7)
(this implies that there HAD
been action, but the word
“yet” tells you that the long
period of action had not
accomplished much!!!)
30. Recap Lesson 1: Active Reading
•Structural Clues
•Annotating
•Hinge Words
31.
32. Lesson #2 – Question Types:
Main Ideas & Supporting Details
• Review Information from Introductory Lecture
• Examine Specific Questions from Practice Test 56A
• Identify Strategies to Help Answer Difficult Questions
• Practice the Strategies
33. Practice Test Question 13:
Main Ideas
Question
13. The passage indicates that at
the time of the women’s suffrage
movement, one of the
fundamental assumptions of
American politics was that the
basic political unit was the:
A. individual voter.
B. precinct.
C. village or town.
D. family.
Text from Passage
“Women’s suffrage challenged
one of the fundamental
assumptions of American
politics: that the basic unit of
political life was the family,
with the father standing at its
head representing and
protecting his wife and
children in the wider world.
To grant suffrage to women
would be to break up that
fundamental unit.”
(lines 12-18)
34. Strategies to Help Answer This Question
• Active Reading: Underline “key words” in the question stem.
• Identify which key words in the question stem also appear in
the text.
• Look back at the passage! Do not try to REMEMBER the
answer.
• When looking at the answer choices, think about meanings,
not exact words.
35. Practice Test Question 13:
Main Ideas
Question
13. The passage indicates that at the
time of the women’s suffrage
movement, one of the fundamental
assumptions of American politics was
that the basic political unit was the:
A. Individual voter.
B. Precinct
C. Village or town
D. Family
Text from Passage
“Women’s suffrage challenged one of
the fundamental assumptions of
American politics: that the basic unit
of political life was the family, with the
father standing at its head
representing and protecting his wife
and children in the wider world. To
grant suffrage to women would be to
break up that fundamental unit.”
(lines 12-18)
36. Practice Test Question 11:
Supporting Details
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to
extend property rights to
women, because
property in a wife’s
name could save a man
from his creditors.”
(lines 44-46)
37. Strategies to Help Answer This Question
• Active Reading: Underline “key words” in the question stem.
• Identify which key words in the question stem also appear in
the text.
• Look back at the passage! Do not try to REMEMBER the
answer.
• When looking at the answer choices, think about meanings,
not exact words.
38. Practice Test Question 11:
Supporting Details
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to
extend property rights to
women, because
property in a wife’s
name could save a man
from his creditors.”
(lines 44-46)
39. Practice Test Question 12:
Supporting Details
Question
12. At the women’s right meeting in
Seneca Falls, all of the following were
called for EXCEPT the right to:
A. Vote in elections.
B. Enter any profession.
C. Divorce abusive husbands.
D. Receive equal education.
Text from Passage
“When Elizabeth Cady Stanton
organized the first women’s rights
meeting at Seneca Falls in 1848,
the many goals that were at first
identified as worthy of support did
not include the vote. Women
wanted property rights, the right to
divorce abusive husbands, the
right to an education equal to any
man’s, and the right to join any
profession. But the idea of the
vote seemed too extreme.”
(lines 37-44)
40. Strategies to Help Answer This Question
• Active Reading: Identify Hinge Words
• “BUT”
• Active Reading: Underline Key Words in the Question Stem
• “NOT”
• Look back at the text!!
41. Practice Test Question 12:
Supporting Details
Question
12. At the women’s rights meeting in
Seneca Falls, all of the following were
called for EXCEPT the right to:
A. Vote in elections.
B. Enter any profession.
C. Divorce abusive husbands.
D. Receive equal education.
Text from Passage
“When Elizabeth Cady Stanton
organized the first women’s rights
meeting at Seneca Falls in 1848,
the many goals that were at first
identified as worthy of support did
not include the vote. Women
wanted property rights, the right to
divorce abusive husbands, the
right to an education equal to any
man’s, and the right to join any
profession. But the idea of the
vote seemed too extreme.”
(lines 37-44)
42.
43. Lesson #3 – Question Types:
Inference
• Review Information from Introductory Lecture
• Examine Specific Questions from Practice Test 56A
• Identify Strategies to Help Answer Difficult Questions
• Practice the Strategies
44. Practice Test Question 22:
Inference—Meaning of Words
Question
22. As it is used in line 65, the word
engendered most nearly means:
F. Diminished
G. Produced
H. Denied
J. Discouraged
Text from Passage
“Here lies the extraordinary appeal
and irony of the daytime soap
opera; it is circulated by the very
commercial culture which has
engendered the need for it in the
first place.” (lines 63-66)
45. Strategies to Help Answer This Question
• Look back at the text!
• Reread the lines before AND after the word in the
question stem.
• Identify “hinge words” that help you understand the
overall sentence.
• Read the answer choices carefully.
46. Practice Test Question 22:
Inference—Meaning of Words
Question
22. As it is used in line 65, the word
engendered most nearly means:
F. Diminished
G. Produced
H. Denied
J. Discouraged
Choices F, H, and J are all the
OPPOSITE of choice G. Each is
too similar to be the right answer.
Therefore, G is the logical choice!
Text from Passage
“Here lies the extraordinary appeal
and irony of the daytime soap
opera; it is circulated by the very
commercial culture which has
engendered the need for it in the
first place.” (lines 63-66)
47. Practice Test Question 19:
Inference—Meaning of Words
Question
19. As it is used in line 24, the word
liability most nearly means:
A. Obligation
B. Drawback
C. Probability
D. Result
Text from Passage
“But women’s ideological advantage
in the United States was offset by
a crippling liability—the central
importance of the family to
maintaining social order.”
(lines 23-26)
48. Strategies to Help Answer This Question
• Look back at the passage!
• Reread the lines before AND after the word in the
question stem.
• Look for “hinge words” that help you understand the
overall sentence.
49. Practice Test Question 19:
Inference—Meaning of Words
Question
19. As it is used in line 24, the word
liability most nearly means:
A. Obligation
B. Drawback
C. Probability
D. Result
Hinge word!
Text from Passage
“But women’s ideological advantage
in the United States was offset by
a crippling liability—the central
importance of the family to
maintaining social order.”
(lines 23-26)
“crippling” has a negative
connotation! (just like
“drawback”)
50. Practice Test Question 16:
Inference— Drawing Conclusions
Question
16. It can reasonably be inferred that
suffrage leader Susan B. Anthony’s
statement (lines 63 – 65) is
presented primarily to express the
movement’s:
F. questioning whether women had
earned the right to vote.
G. criticism of the generals in their
army.
H. frustration with women’s lack of
interest in gaining suffrage.
J. doubts about the attainability of
women’s suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In the indifference, the
inertia, the apathy of
women, lies the
greatest obstacle to the
enfranchisement.”
(lines 63 - 65)
51. Strategies to Help Answer This Question
• Look back at the passage!
• Reread the lines and underline key words that help
you understand the overall nature of the statement.
52. Practice Test Question 16:
Inference— Drawing Conclusions
Question
16. It can reasonably be inferred that
suffrage leader Susan B. Anthony’s
statement (lines 63 – 65) is
presented primarily to express the
movement’s:
F. questioning whether women had
earned the right to vote.
G. criticism of the generals in their
army.
H. frustration with women’s lack of
interest in gaining suffrage.
J. doubts about the attainability of
women’s suffrage.
Text from Passage
“In the indifference, the
inertia, the apathy of
women, lies the
greatest obstacle to the
enfranchisement.”
(lines 63 - 65)
53.
54. Lesson #4 – Distracters
Weasel and Shift
•Introduction to Distracters
•Definitions
•Examples
•Practice Overcoming Distracters
55. Understand Distracters
Distracters = the “other” answer choices
Distracters are THINKING CHALLENGES designed to make
wrong answers seem correct
Prey upon your tendency to rush
They are supposed to DISTRACT YOU
Inference Questions: seek opinions from facts
The answers are not directly stated in the reading
Read your “road map” differently
ACT constantly tries to make distracters more distracting
Practice with them!
56. The FOUR Types of Distracters
The Weasel
The Shift
The Enticer
The Extreme
57. Distracters: The Trick
There is often ONE distracter
that is REALLY DIFFICULT to
get around.
Watch out for this distracter.
Which one depends on the
question.
58. Distracter #1: The Weasel
Definition
Any attempt to change or misrepresent the
author’s words or author’s meaning…regardless
of how small. The answer can not be verified by
the passage.
Adds words
Takes out words
Flips words
59. Example of The Weasel
(Practice Test 56A, Social Science)
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to extend
property rights to women, because
property in a wife’s name could save
a man from his creditors. They
accepted coeducation, because
universities needed students and
society needed trained teachers. But
the vote was something else. To give
women the vote would mean
recognizing them as individuals with
their own rights and interests.”
(lines 44-51)
61. Example of The Weasel
(Practice Test 56A, Social Science)
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to extend
property rights to women, because
property in a wife’s name could save
a man from his creditors. They
accepted coeducation, because
universities needed students and
society needed trained teachers. But
the vote was something else. To give
women the vote would mean
recognizing them as individuals with
their own rights and interests.”
(lines 44-51)
This idea is nowhere in the passage!
62. Distracter #2: The Shift
Definition
The answer answers another question about the
passage but does not answer this one.
Answer choices may actually appear in the text
Watch out for choices that look like statements in the
passage …even direct quotes
Remember, this is not a matching test! You must
understand meanings, not just words!
63. Example of The Shift
(Practice Test 56A, Social Science)
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to extend
property rights to women, because
property in a wife’s name could save
a man from his creditors. They
accepted coeducation, because
universities needed students and
society needed trained teachers. But
the vote was something else. To give
women the vote would mean
recognizing them as individuals with
their own rights and interests.”
(lines 44-51)
65. Example of The Shift
(Practice Test 56A, Social Science)
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to extend
property rights to women, because
property in a wife’s name could save
a man from his creditors. They
accepted coeducation, because
universities needed students and
society needed trained teachers. But
the vote was something else. To give
women the vote would mean
recognizing them as individuals with
their own rights and interests.”
(lines 44-51)
This is why men agreed to
coeducation, but NOT property rights!
READ and REREAD QUESTIONS!!!
68. Distracter #3: The Enticer
Definition
It’s a con. It looks right, but it’s too good to be
true.
Sounds great – warm and fuzzy
Seems reasonable and correct
Just because the choice says, “love is all we need,”
doesn’t mean it’s the answer to the question you are
being asked!
69. Example of The Enticer
(Practice Test 56A, Social Science)
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to extend
property rights to women, because
property in a wife’s name could save
a man from his creditors. They
accepted coeducation, because
universities needed students and
society needed trained teachers. But
the vote was something else. To give
women the vote would mean
recognizing them as individuals with
their own rights and interests.”
(lines 44-51)
71. Example of The Enticer
(Practice Test 56A, Social Science)
Question
11. The passage indicates that
women’s demand for property rights
was agreed to primarily because men
realized that:
A. Women were indeed individuals
deserving of their own rights.
B. If they gave in on the property rights
issue, they’d be able to hold firm on
suffrage.
C. Conceding the right would provide men
with a way to protect themselves from
creditors.
D. Women had unique interests and were
needed as students in universities and
teachers in schools.
Text from Passage
”Men gradually agreed to extend
property rights to women, because
property in a wife’s name could save
a man from his creditors. They
accepted coeducation, because
universities needed students and
society needed trained teachers. But
the vote was something else. To give
women the vote would mean
recognizing them as individuals with
their own rights and interests.”
(lines 44-51)
Sounds nice, right? HOWEVER, this is
NOT why men gave property rights. In
fact, they did NOT want this!
72. Distracter #4: The Extreme
Definition
An incorrect answer choice which might be true if
it did not include extreme words such as: always,
completely, perfectly, all.
If you can find an exception, it’s a wrong answer
If the answer is debatable, it’s a wrong answer
WATCH OUT! Not all extreme answer choices are
incorrect.
73. Remember Distracter #4?
The Extreme
An incorrect answer choice may include
extreme words such as “always” and
“completely”
An incorrect answer may go too far—the
author would not agree with how far the
answer choice goes
If you can think of one exception, or if the
answer is debatable, then the extreme answer
choice is incorrect.
Not all extreme answer choices are incorrect.
74. Extreme: Examples
--Europeans won all their battles.”
--they established an ideal
community
--the bank was always busy.
--Impressionism was an entirely
different style of painting.
--It was impossible for him to
overcome his past.
--Men were incapable of
recognizing the equality of
women
75. You can do this!!!
Focus, discipline, and
PRACTICE are the keys to
success!!!
Be better tomorrow
than you were
yesterday!