Zoos were traditionally built for entertainment, but now have additional roles. They protect animals from extinction by taking in those whose natural habitats have been destroyed by humans. Zoos are now planned differently by experts - they consider the health and safety of animals, as well as that of zookeepers. Zoos are also intended to be educational experiences for visitors.

1. Writing a
Summary

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PLAN
• Include the most important information
• Ideas are organised into one coherent
paragraph
• The language is simple
• There are no unnecessary examples,
details or personal opinions
• The summary should be no more than
one fourth the length of the original

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TIPS
• Include only the most important
points
• Organise your information in the
same order as the text
• Use your own words where possible
• Use the correct number of words
(when in an examination)

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• When writing a summary it’s useful
to cross out unimportant information
with a pencil
• If your summary is too long, cut out
words rather than ideas

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Connectors
Connectors such as…
• First of all,
• Next
• Finally
usually signal main points

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Example
• ZOOS-THEN AND NOW
Paragraph 1
People of all ages enjoy visiting zoos.There they
can see wild animals that they cannot see in
their own countries.The first zoos were built in
China 3,000 years ago. Important people used
collect animals to show their guests. Since
those days, many zoos have been opened all
over the world for the amusement and education
of children and adults .
Main idea: Zoos were first built for
entertainment

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Summary of this paragraph
• Zoos were traditionally built to
entertain.

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• Paragraph 2
However, in the past 25 years, zoos have changed a lot.
They also protect animals and birds from dying in many
places in the world. Because there are so many people in
the world, a lot of land and forests have been used for
building and for growing food. That means that in many
places, animals cannot find homes or food. Zoos take
these animals and keep them safe. They often save
animals from disappearing completely from the world.
Main idea: Now zoos are changing . Save animals
from extinction

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Summary so far
• Zoos, which were traditionally built
to entertain, now have additional
roles. Firstly, they look after animals
whose natural homes are being
destroyed by man and therefore
save them from extinction.

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• Paragraph 3
Another big change is that today there are experts who
plan new zoos. When they design a zoo, they have to think
about three different things. First, they must consider the
health and well-being of the animals. Then, they must
worry about the safety of the keeper who looks after the
animals. Third, they must make the zoo an interesting
educational experience. If zoos are well planned, there is
no reason why they should not remain a lasting attraction
for generations to come.
Main idea: zoos now planned differently: take into
account health and safety of animals and visitors.
Educational role is now important

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SUMMARY
• Zoos, which were traditionally built to
entertain, now have additional roles.
Firstly, they look after animals whose
natural homes are being destroyed by
man and therefore save them from
extinction.Secondly, they are now being
planned with the good of both the animals
and their visitors in mind. Finally, planners
also want zoos to be interesting places
where visitors learn about animals.

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Checklist
• Have I presented the ideas clearly?
• Have I omitted something
important?
• Are there any unncessary
examples?
• Have I checked my spelling and
punctuation?

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