Label of "Web 3.0" deserves to be backed up by a fundamental change in what can be done, and what can be ignored, on the global network. Platform-as-a-Service abstraction earns the left-of-decimal uptick. Published under Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0
The intention of the Web 2.0 Framework is to provide a clear, concise view of the nature of Web 2.0, particularly for senior executives or other non-technical people who are trying to grasp the scope of Web 2.0, and the implications and opportunities for their organizations.
The intention of the Web 2.0 Framework is to provide a clear, concise view of the nature of Web 2.0, particularly for senior executives or other non-technical people who are trying to grasp the scope of Web 2.0, and the implications and opportunities for their organizations.
E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF WEB 3.0 PARADIGMijait
Web 3.0 promises to have a significant effect in users and businesses. It will change how people work and
play, how companies use information to market and sell their products, as well as operate their businesses.
The basic shift occurring in Web 3.0 is from information-centric to knowledge-centric patterns of
computing. Web 3.0 will enable people and machines to connect, evolve, share and use knowledge on an
unprecedented scale and in new ways that make our experience of the Internet better. Additionally,
semantic technologies have the potential to drive significant improvements in capabilities and life cycle
economics through cost reductions, improved efficiencies, enhanced effectiveness, and new functionalities
that were not possible or economically feasible before. In this paper we look to the semantic web and Web
3.0 technologies as enablers for the creation of value and appearance of new business models. For that, we
analyze the role and impact of Web 3.0 in business and we identify nine potential business models, based in
direct and undirected revenue sources, which have emerged with the appearance of semantic web
technologies.
When the term Web 2.0 first emerged, many businesses wondered what it meant for their business, and whether it was relevant. This presentation outlines thinking done while at MetaDesign, and how Web 2.0 was relevant to clients.
Companies benefit from Web 2.0 investmentSustainly
The latest research from Deutsche Bank shows that 20% of US and European companies use social media channels for business purposes. But, these are only the most transparent companies. More DB research can be found at: www.dbresearch.com
This presentation showcases how Web 2.0 could be used within an enterprise with a "day (weeks, actually) in the life of" story of how a new employee, Michael, uses web 2.0 (or Enterprise 2.0) tools to quickly get up to speed and start contibuting. Touches on social networking, social bookmarking, blogs / microblogs, wiki, virtual world, mashups, RSS
Wiring the Pentagon with Web 2.0 to Transform the Defense Acquisition Enterprise. DoD needs to once again harness the power of Internet technologies to develop and field the next generation of defense systems. Web 2.0 empowers users to collaborate, create resources, share information, and integrate capabilities in a distinctly different way from static Web sites. Published in Defense AT&L Magazine, Mar/Apr 2010.
E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF WEB 3.0 PARADIGMijait
Web 3.0 promises to have a significant effect in users and businesses. It will change how people work and
play, how companies use information to market and sell their products, as well as operate their businesses.
The basic shift occurring in Web 3.0 is from information-centric to knowledge-centric patterns of
computing. Web 3.0 will enable people and machines to connect, evolve, share and use knowledge on an
unprecedented scale and in new ways that make our experience of the Internet better. Additionally,
semantic technologies have the potential to drive significant improvements in capabilities and life cycle
economics through cost reductions, improved efficiencies, enhanced effectiveness, and new functionalities
that were not possible or economically feasible before. In this paper we look to the semantic web and Web
3.0 technologies as enablers for the creation of value and appearance of new business models. For that, we
analyze the role and impact of Web 3.0 in business and we identify nine potential business models, based in
direct and undirected revenue sources, which have emerged with the appearance of semantic web
technologies.
When the term Web 2.0 first emerged, many businesses wondered what it meant for their business, and whether it was relevant. This presentation outlines thinking done while at MetaDesign, and how Web 2.0 was relevant to clients.
Companies benefit from Web 2.0 investmentSustainly
The latest research from Deutsche Bank shows that 20% of US and European companies use social media channels for business purposes. But, these are only the most transparent companies. More DB research can be found at: www.dbresearch.com
This presentation showcases how Web 2.0 could be used within an enterprise with a "day (weeks, actually) in the life of" story of how a new employee, Michael, uses web 2.0 (or Enterprise 2.0) tools to quickly get up to speed and start contibuting. Touches on social networking, social bookmarking, blogs / microblogs, wiki, virtual world, mashups, RSS
Wiring the Pentagon with Web 2.0 to Transform the Defense Acquisition Enterprise. DoD needs to once again harness the power of Internet technologies to develop and field the next generation of defense systems. Web 2.0 empowers users to collaborate, create resources, share information, and integrate capabilities in a distinctly different way from static Web sites. Published in Defense AT&L Magazine, Mar/Apr 2010.
Peter Coffee presentation on enterprise cloud computing to CIO Forum in Schaumburg IL 6 April 2010 with new material on Chatter and social tools as well as U.S. Census case study
Inside Out and Upside Down - FOO Camp 2016 - Peter CoffeePeter Coffee
Four "truths" of IT are still true enough to yield ROI by pursuing their further development -- but you'll never realize how much you left on the table by failing to appreciate their transformation in a massively connected world.
Big Data Goes to Work - Liberating Latent Value in a Connected World - P.CoffeePeter Coffee
Material presented to a session of the Mathematical Sciences Colloquium series at University of Montana - Missoula on 7 December 2015: opportunities, challenges, enabling technologies, practices and impacts of "big data" strategies
Game of Phones - Becoming the Architects of Connection (Midwest Dreamin' Clos...Peter Coffee
Over a span of 30-something years, the CPU speed of a mainstream personal computer has grown by less than a factor of one thousand -- while the connectivity bandwidth that people expect (in workplace, home, and even in mobile activities) has grown 200 times that much. If we called them "(inter)personal connectors," we might be capturing more correctly the role of the "PC" and its descendants in our lives -- but in most organizations, we still treat IT more as a discipline of automation and calculation and archival than as a medium of connection and collaboration. Peter Coffee shares current research and a global perspective on what it means for the Salesforce community to take the lead in repurposing and reculturing the modern era's defining technology.
Web 3.0 or Decentralised Web to revolutionise the world of Internet Era through Blockchain, Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence.
There has been a buzz around the Web 3.0 and the disruption it will bring to the Industry, but only a few know actually why it spawned and what is it about to transform. Let us travel back in time to understand and examine its predecessors - Web 1.0 and 2.0
The Blockchain, the Internet of Things, Advanced analytics, and Artificial Intelligence are potent technologies that will have a profound effect on society. They will take us much further into this new world of the information age as power shifts in a radical way from people in hierarchical institutions to automated networks and the algorithms that can coordinate in the Web 3.0 era.
The Web 3.0 knowledge management should give rise to an exciting and game-changing environment - the Social Semantic Web. However, still, the technology is in the early stages, but if you have used the Google search in the recent times know that the Google has used natural language to find the answer to your question. Hence you are already experiencing the revolutionary benefits of the next chapter in the story of the "World Wide Web (WWW)."
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary tele.docxearleanp
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary telecommunications systems. Compare Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. It has been said that within the next few years, smartphones will become the single most important digital device we own. Discuss the implications of this statement.
Solution
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary telecommunications systems.
Current networks have been influenced by the ascent of client-server computing, the use of packet switching, and the adoption of Transmission Control Protocol-Internet Protocol as a universal communications standard for linking disparate networks and computers, including the Internet. Protocol provides a mutual set of guidelines that enable communication among numerous components in a telecommunications network.
Compare Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. It has been said that within the next few years, smartphones will become the single most important digital device we own. Discuss the implications of this statement
Web2.0 refers to second-generation interactive Internet based services that enable people to collaborate, share information, and create new services online. Web2.0 is distinguished by technologies and services like cloud computing, software mashups and widgets, blogs, RSS, and wikis. These software applications run on the Web itself instead of the desktop and bring the vision of Web-based computing closer to realization. Web2.0 tools and services have fueled the creation of social networks and other online communities where people can interact with one another in the manner of their choosing.
Web3.0 focuses on developing techniques to make searching Web pages more productive and meaningful for ordinary people. Web3.0 is the promise of a future Web where all digital information and all contacts can be woven together into a single meaningful experience. Sometimes referred to as the semantic Web, Web3.0 intends to add a layer of meaning a top the existing Web to reduce the amount of human involvement in searching for and processing Web information. It also focuses on ways to make the Web more
.
The Evolution of Software: From Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 with Blockchain TechnologySteve Martin
Elevate Your Business with our Custom Software Solutions
We assist our clients in solving real-world problems by transforming their ideas into reality with our bespoke Custom Software Development solutions. Our experts specialize in executing industry-specific designs and providing seamlessly integrable solutions for distinct business use cases. We believe in staying at the forefront of emerging technologies to harness their significant advantages. Furthermore, our custom software development services are centered on emerging technologies, with a commitment to expanding the horizons of innovation.
Author: Antonio Bartolomé.
Since 2004 the term “Web 2.0” has generated a revolution on the Internet and it has developed some new ideas for Education identified as “eLearning 2.0”.
Crowdsourced topic rankings at Snowforce 2017 in Salt Lake City drove this one-hour "Top 10" -- from evolving role of CIO, up through AI-leveraged connection, into a culture of innovation. (Peter Coffee, VP for Strategic Research at Salesforce)
Unleash innovation on the Customer Success PlatformPeter Coffee
It's not about being just an "implementation partner." What the customer wants is a transformation advisor. On an enterprise cloud platform, the tech is part of the service -- which makes more time for more interesting things.
It's About The Citizen - Changing Needs and Rising ExpectationsPeter Coffee
Presented as keynote to GTEC 2014 in Ottawa, 28 October 2014 by Peter Coffee of Salesforce
A “cloud computing” conversation used to be a plan to cut IT costs and accelerate project schedules. Today, it’s becoming a citizen-driven discussion of improving the visibility, availability and accountability of every institution of modern life — in a world where people have a whole new level of power to discover, share, and collaborate in identifying and confronting challenges as well as pursuing new opportunities. Not merely the execution, but even the basic mission, of government and other organs of society is in the crosshairs. Peter Coffee brings salesforce.com’s global perspective, as thrice-named “World’s Most Innovative Company” (Forbes), to share with theGTEC community and to offer opportunities for action.
Security is too often discussed in terms of what it prevents rather than what it assures. Too much trust in narrowly focused technology, combined with too much fear of the unknown in areas like adoption of the cloud, combine to make many enterprise and other IT systems unnecessarily expensive and inadequately trustworthy.
Connected things are quickly expanding, beyond their traditional scope of industrial plumbing and their recent emergence as lifestyle novelty, to become a global and everyday norm. After the revolution comes the need for sustainable operation: what's involved in assuring that today's Internet of Factories, Internet of Transactions, and emerging Internet of Personal Devices can scale to the demands of billions of people and tens of billions of everythings? Peter Coffee, VP for Strategic Research at salesforce.com inc., examines the challenges and highlights the opportunities for robust and responsible leadership in the world that's taking shape today.
The Rising Floor of Platform - MIT Platform Summit 2014Peter Coffee
If someone thinks that they can create differentiating value by starting at the level of what you sell, at a cost that enables them to sell the result, then you are - to them - a platform. Too much lower, you're plumbing. Above that level, you're a competitor or an irrelevant product. What should a platform provide today, as 24x7 connected people want trustworthy access to data and command of useful function?
New Services, No Silos: The Next 15 YearsPeter Coffee
The cloud is now the mainstream. Congratulations. That means it’s no longer special to be cloudy. What’s needed now is a re-thinking of what IT does. Let legacy IT incumbents relocate the past century’s silos to the past decade’s server farms. The salesforce.com community is already re-inventing business processes, around the informed and elevated expectations of cloud-native collaborative customers and their connected things. Peter Coffee shares a global perspective on present facts, near-term implications, and the opportunities and challenges of continued leadership above the cloud.
Presented as opening keynote at Midwest Dreamin' 2014 in Chicago by Peter Coffee of salesforce.com inc.
How To Thrive In A World of Connected CustomersPeter Coffee
What it means to be customer-centric; how mobile devices, apps and social networks transform behaviors of customers and require new analytics and new commitments from organizations
Looking Back at the Next Ten Years - Fusion Symposium 2024Peter Coffee
In 2024, what will we say we should have seen coming ten years before? Opening keynote to Fusion Symposium in Madison, Wisconsin by Peter Coffee of salesforce.com inc.
Presentation to CleanTech Future Conference II in San Francisco, 4 November 2013, on multi-tenancy's 95% reduction of IT CO2 footprint - versus timid incrementalism of virtual-machine approach
Better, faster and cheaper can be exactly the wrong thing to do when fundamentally different models are enabled and compelled by the revolutions of social connection, mobile connection and big-data discovery. Annual end-of-summer address to joint meeting of L.A. chapters of ACM and AITP, 19 September 2013
Future Normal - Why Every IT Trend Points to PaaSPeter Coffee
Presented by Peter Coffee of salesforce.com to the Platform Strategy Executive Symposium of the MIT Center for Digital Business at the MIT Sloan School of Management, 26 July 2013
Peter Coffee (VP Platform Research at salesforce.com) keynote on harnessing disruption in Mobile, Social, and Big Data technologies using cloud services and predictive tools
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
World Wide Platform
1. World Wide Platform: What Makes It Web 3.0
The Genius of the Planet Comes to PaaS
Peter Coffee
salesforce.com inc.
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0.
2. Contents
Why 3.0 Is More Than Just a Number ................................................................................................... 1
Technology is an input, not an experience
Emergence is the product of disappearance
Technology as Enabler .......................................................................................................................... 2
Multi-tenant architecture: key to “Level 3”
Privacy is not confinement
The Future Must Be More Than Merely “Cloudy” ................................................................................ 3
Enabling creation
Avoiding duplication
Assuring satisfaction
The People are the Computer ................................................................................................................ 3
The bad news is that this is a truly
intense technical and business
undertaking, and not for the faint of heart.
The good news is that what it makes
possible is magical.
Marc Andreessen,
“The Three Kinds of Platforms You Meet on the Internet”
Any technology distinguishable from
magic is insufficiently advanced.
Gehm's Corollary to Clarke's Third Law
W orld W ide Platform: W hat Makes It W eb 3.0
3. Why 3.0 Is More Than Just a Number
For more than two decades, the version number has been part of everyday language. It would be hard to say which
software product update brought the expression, “SomethingSomething 2.0,” into common use: perhaps it was the
March 1983 release of Microsoft MS-DOS 2.0, with its first major expansion of the power (and the complexity) of
the first ubiquitous desktop software platform.
Regardless of who gets the credit for the label, people immediately grasped the promise implied by changing the
number to the left of the decimal point – denoting a substantial increase in capability, rather than the minor
enhancements and repairs implied by a right-of-decimal “point release.” That’s why Tim O’Reilly’s coinage in
2004 of the phrase, “Web 2.0” (in connection with his subsequent series of “Web 2.0 Summit” conferences) has
Stages of Sharing been controversial ever since—and even those who accept O’Reilly’s 2.0 label may look askance at more recent
mentions of “Web 3.0.”
The generations of the Web
are best defined, not by their Following a conference in September 2007, Network World paraphrased industry analysts 1 as saying that “the
technology, but by the [Web 3.0] buzzword is really just a marketing ploy used to hype incremental improvements over the
possibilities they create and the
groundbreaking technologies that were labeled Web 2.0…”; one analyst was quoted as saying, “There are a lot of
experiences that they enable.
constituencies trying to hijack the term.”
:: Web 1.0 Technology is an input, not an experience
What others know, you can find; The error that’s made by many would-be definers of “Web 3.0” is the confusion of the tool with the function.
what others sell, you can buy Many have suggested that the original Web was all about the HTML markup language and the HTTP protocol for
linking and retrieving web pages; that Web 2.0 was all about the RSS protocol for sharing content and the Web
:: Web 2.0 services protocols (such as REST and SOAP) for sharing function.
What anyone thinks, imagines or These conceptions of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 are too technology-centric. They lead to irrelevant argument over the
creates, everyone can discuss
role of various technology developments in defining Web 3.0. There’s a pointless war in progress among the
:: Web 3.0 proponents of richer semantic context, of sensor-centered rather than human-centered content, and of qualitative
change in experience resulting from quantitative growth in bandwidth as Web 3.0’s true hallmarks.
What anyone conceives and
implements, everyone can apply Emergence is the product of disappearance
For those who use a technology, rather than those who create and deploy it, a technical success is almost literally
The advent of the Platform as a invisible. The successful tool is the one that disappears into its function, in the phrase of philosopher Martin
Service makes it possible for Heidegger in The Origin of the Work of Art.
anyone with functional
expertise to package it, publish The success of the IBM Personal Computer was that it made the actual computer nearly invisible to the
it, and put it to work wherever user – unlike earlier hobbyist-oriented machines that exposed far more of the machine’s internal
there’s an Internet connection.
workings at a level that required the user’s attention and understanding
PaaS is the next step in The success of VisiCalc, the first packaged spreadsheet application, was that it made the products of
making our most sophisticated custom programming possible without most of the coding effort previously required for similar tasks
tools “disappear into their
function.” The initial success of Web browsers was that they enabled access to a global network while hiding the
acts and mechanisms of connection
The current and growing success of the Wiki and the blog, two of the most common user experiences
associated with “Web 2.0,” comes from letting people create and combine Web content with no need to
understand or control the mechanisms that made it happen
Web 3.0, the next major step, is
therefore best defined by what it
hides, rather than by the
technology it uses: that is, by its
success in hiding the
Web 1.0: Transact
mechanisms of creating and
sharing new function and new
behavior, going beyond the Web 2.0: Participate
sharing of static content or even
dynamic discussions of content.
Web 3.0 is best defined by the
opportunity for everyone to
Web 3.0: Innovate
program: the emergence of the
platform as a service.
1
Brodkin, Jon, “Gartner touts Web 2.0, scoffs at sequel,” networkworld.com, 21 September 2007
W orld W ide Platform: W hat Makes It W eb 3.0 1
4. Technology as Enabler
Technologies do not define the generations of the Web, but they can serve as crucial enablers.
The key conception of the Internet itself, as a dumb network2 with all of its intelligence at the
endpoints, enabled ad hoc introduction of new types of content without the permission of any one
network operator. If a new content type had even a single creator with even a single consumer, there
was value. This enabled the explosive growth of Web 1.0 – which then evolved the security and
payment systems required to support a marketplace of goods as well as ideas.
The Web’s tools for exchanging content became a medium for requesting and delivering action with
Multi-Tenant Architecture the advent of XML and related Web services protocols. This paved the way for publication to
Paves the Path to Web 3.0 become participation – which enabled Web 2.0 as a forum of communities and services.
Multi-tenant architecture shuns To expand the scope of the Web from participation to innovation, there must be scalable platforms
wasteful duplication and costly, that invite the expression of useful knowledge in a form that’s easy for others to discover and use—
error-prone redundant
without high costs of entry, and with an affordable model of growing capacity to support an
maintenance while still
preserving an open ecosystem innovation’s success. The resulting liberation of innovation is the essence of Web 3.0.
for competition and refinement. Marc Andreessen, co-author of the first Web browser, has labeled the required model as the “Level 3 platform,” or
“runtime environment”—which offers, he has said, a “magical” set of possibilities. In his widely cited blog post,
:: Data “The three kinds of platforms you meet on the Internet,” he elaborated:
Rather than creating and
manipulating separate data
The level of technical expertise required of someone to develop on your platform drops by at least 90%, and
structures in identical database the level of money they need drops to $0…The rate of rapid evolutionary application development that can
stacks, the developer in the result from this approach will, I think, be mind-boggling as it plays out.
multi-tenant environment is
actually creating and editing Multi-tenant architecture: key to “Level 3”
metadata representations.
Achieving the technical simplification and the affordable access of Andreessen’s “Level 3” requires a complete
The operators of the shared
rethinking of how to deliver innovative IT function, whether the intended user is the individual or the enterprise.
environment can optimize
performance, perform data At global scale, it’s unthinkable to require wasteful and error-prone duplication of IT assets that add no distinctive
backups, and incrementally add value. The fraction of the world’s hard disk space that holds essentially identical (and redundantly maintained)
capacity without disruption. copies of operating systems and database engines is enormous today; potentially crippling tomorrow.
:: Logic What’s needed instead is a model in which all common capability is shared, while all distinctive assets—whether
data, logic, or definitions of end-user experience—are rigorously and securely partitioned. A single foundation of
Rather than letting individual code is shared by all users, while all other assets are represented to that shared platform as metadata.
customizations leak into a
foundation code base, multi-
tenant environments rigorously
Partitioning of data, rather than being expensively achieved by deploying multiple instances of a code
separate custom logic from stack, becomes instead an element of the platform’s design—in the same way that buyers on eBay or
shared platform facilities. Amazon.com have confidential access to their individual purchase histories.
Updates to the foundation code Customization of application behavior, rather than being done by modifying application code, is done
need never break or interfere instead by configuring metadata that’s invoked on a user-by-user basis—in the same way that
with distinctive customizations.
different users of the “iGoogle” personal home page see different arrangements of information and
New features are not imposed,
but rather offered for function when logging in to that shared service.
enablement—immediate, or
deferred, or declined—on a This model can be compared to an apartment building, with tenants sharing the costs of lobby services and laundry
user-by-user basis. rooms and other key facilities while still having locks on their own doors and freedom to decorate their own
rooms—hence the label of “multi-tenant architecture.”
:: Integration
Broad statements about the limitations of multi-tenant architecture are often inaccurate generalizations describing
Non-proprietary interfaces such shallow designs. There is no inherent reason why metadata representation can not accommodate the full scope of
as Web services let the
innovator choose from multiple
an innovator’s originality—but platform choice requires due diligence in recognizing differences in depth.
providers of complementary
tools and resources. Privacy is not confinement
It’s essential to appreciate that the protections of multi-tenancy are not restrictions. Non-proprietary interface
conventions, in particular those of Web services, allow multiple providers of platforms and resources to offer
complementary environments and tools.
For every integration scenario—custom coding, native connectors to specific software products, middleware
layers facilitating multi-way integration, coupling with personal productivity applications, or user interface
integrations of the type often dubbed the “mash-up”—there are options available that let innovators choose their
own balance between flexibility, capability, and speed of solution deployment while still gaining the full
advantages of a Platform as a Service.
2
Isenberg, David, “Rise of the Stupid Network,” Computer Telephony, August 1997
W orld W ide Platform: W hat Makes It W eb 3.0 2
5. The Future Must Be More Than Merely “Cloudy”
If the goal is for the tool to disappear into the function, it follows that a left-of-decimal uptick—such as the one
from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0—must represent a significant growth of function, and not merely an impressive
enlargement of the tool kit.
What a Web 3.0 Platform Moving the present day’s cumbersome and error-prone process of application development off of local
Must Provide infrastructure, and into an Internet “cloud computing” facility, simply is not enough to justify the uptick to 3.0.
There must be a radical simplification, not merely a relocation.
Web 3.0 is merely potential
unless it offers something Enabling creation
more, not merely something
different, than earlier A Level 3 caliber of Platform as a Service can enable a Web 3.0 transformation of experience—but only if it
incarnations of the Web. liberates creative energy. The platform must be open to the definition of data models that map closely to an
expert’s understanding of a problem or a task. It must have powerful notations for expressing knowledge in the
:: Creation form of reliable and powerful logic. It must give the expert a blank canvas on which to draw a user interface that
makes the power of knowledge and data readily discoverable by the person with a problem to be solved. The
Web 3.0 must make it radically Force.com platform from salesforce.com meets these needs with its database capabilities, workflow and Apex
easier to create new capability,
and not merely move today’s
Code tools, and Visualforce user interface technology that enables astonishingly rapid design and refinement.
cumbersome process of
development into the cloud Avoiding duplication
The tyranny of “good enough” will cripple the potential of Web 3.0 if a Platform as a Service requires redundant
:: Leverage re-implementation of systems that are already working. The Force.com platform shuns wasteful duplication by
offering an extensive variety of integration points, ranging from custom code interfaces to packaged integration
Existing IT assets, and the best
of the emerging ecosystem of appliances; the developer can gain full leverage from legacy IT assets or from the best of the emerging ecosystem
new cloud-computing resources, of complementary Web services or from storage, computational, or other bulk resources available in the cloud.
must be accessible resources for
the Web 3.0 developer Assuring satisfaction
Widespread adoption of the Web has generated high expectations (and rapidly rising demands) for availability,
:: Assurance security, confidentiality and data integrity. Web 3.0 offerings can not expect a favorable reception if they offer the
Platforms as a Service must be “new” at the expense of the “now.” The applications built with the creative vigor and entrepreneurial spirit of Web
highly available, certifiably 3.0 must be born, so to speak, already grown up: that is, with the same robustness as existing Web offerings. The
secure, reliably confidential, and Force.com platform gives creative and entrepreneurial developers the assurance of proven reliability, auditable
robust in capacity and
performance
security, and enterprise-scale robustness as a foundation for what they bring into the world.
The Force.com platform from
The People are the Computer
salesforce.com is ready to If Tim O’Reilly gets the credit for “Web 2.0,” then Sun Microsystems’ John Gage must get the credit for the
serve—and to liberate the coinage “The Network is the Computer”—but Gage, like O’Reilly, has been overtaken. The collaboration in
planet-wide wave of creative content of Web 2.0 has been succeeded by the liberation of creativity of Web 3.0 and the Platform as a Service.
output that will make “Web 3.0”
a label worth defining The appeal of PaaS is internationally acknowledged. In June 2008, industry analyst Fredric Paul asserted3 that
PaaS resources “make leading-edge technology available to everyone, including consumers, often at a far lower
cost than businesses pay for similar or inferior services.” Another industry observer, in Bangalore, reported in the
same month4 that PaaS is “driving a change on how future application software will be and should be developed,
installed, delivered, and managed” and that it is being considered by “every major [developer], in any space.”
When the burdens of hardware and code disappeared into mass-market technology, the network added the value;
as the physical network disappears into the abstractions of the Web, we can rediscover that it is people who are the
true source of value. Web 3.0 brings global talent to PaaS.
3
Paul, Fredric, “SMBs Will Rise To Cloud Computing,” informationweek.com, 21 June 2008
4
Akhouri, Priyanka, “SaaS Healing Business Pain Points, Say ISVs,” cxotoday.com/India, 27 June 2008