The Armistice of 11 November 1918 ended World War 1 between the Allies and Germany. It went into effect at 11am and marked an Allied victory. The terms included Germany withdrawing troops behind the Rhine, Allied occupation of parts of Germany, the release of prisoners, and eventual reparations but no relaxation of naval blockades. While fighting ended, the Treaty of Versailles finalizing the peace took effect in 1920.
The document provides an overview of the key events that led to the start of World War 1 in 1914. It discusses the rise of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Europe in the late 19th century. Alliances formed between the major European powers which increased tensions. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand sparked the war, with countries honoring their alliances and entering the war on opposing sides. The initial fighting occurred on the Western and Eastern fronts, with major battles inflicting heavy casualties. The US eventually entered the war in 1917 after German submarine warfare threatened American ships.
The document summarizes several major battles of WWI including Tannenberg (1914), Verdun (1916), Somme (1916), the Marne (1914), Gallipoli (1915), and the Christmas Truce of 1914. It describes Germany's victory at Tannenberg, the longest and deadliest battle at Verdun, the brutality of Somme including Britain losing a third of its troops in one day, and brief armistices during battles like the Christmas Truce and stalemates near Arras in 1914. Sources cited include firstworldwar.com, historylearningsite.co.uk, and historyonthenet.com.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This triggered a series of alliances that drew the major powers of Europe into war. The war was caused by militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and a system of interlocking alliances. It resulted in over 15 million military and civilian casualties and ended with the defeat of the Central Powers by the Allied forces in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles and its harsh terms against Germany set the stage for World War II.
The document discusses the origins of the crisis in Europe and the Middle East from 1900-1929. It covers the decline of the Ottoman Empire and rise of nationalism in the Balkans. It also discusses the new system of alliances between European powers that contributed to WWI. The war resulted in millions of casualties and the breakup of old empires. It led to new borders in Europe and the Middle East under the treaty system. However, tensions remained as Germany and other nations felt humiliated by the treaties. The document also outlines the rise of new nationalistic governments in Turkey and China in this unstable postwar environment.
The document summarizes key events from June to August 1914 that led to the outbreak of World War 1. It describes the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which increased tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia and declares war after Serbia orders mobilization. Germany promises support for Austria-Hungary and demands an end to Russian mobilization. Germany declares war on Russia and invades neutral Belgium, bringing Britain into the war against Germany. Over the course of a few weeks in August, the major European powers declare war on each other and the first battles of WWI begin across Europe and colonies.
The document summarizes key events in Europe and Asia leading up to World War 2, including the rise of fascist regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan and their acts of aggression in the 1930s. It also covers the outbreak of war in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland, as well as early victories by Germany using blitzkrieg tactics. The summary concludes with Allied counterattacks against the Axis powers from 1942 onward across multiple fronts.
Germany pursued an aggressive foreign policy of Weltpolitik that sought European dominance. The September Program outlined Germany's ambition to control Europe economically and politically by making nations like France and Belgium subordinate to Germany. Germany also took actions like expanding its navy and interfering in crises in Morocco that antagonized Britain and France. While Austria-Hungary's conflict with Serbia was the immediate trigger for war, Germany shared responsibility for the war breaking out due to its encouragement of and unconditional support for Austria-Hungary's actions against Serbia through the "Blank Cheque", as well as miscalculations in its Schlieffen Plan that drew more countries into the war.
The presentation is about First World War. it's causes, devastation and name and force of the central powers and allied powers. The consequences and peace treaties which came into force through world war 1 in world history. It will be helpful for students of political science, public administration and international relations.
The document provides an overview of the key events that led to the start of World War 1 in 1914. It discusses the rise of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Europe in the late 19th century. Alliances formed between the major European powers which increased tensions. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand sparked the war, with countries honoring their alliances and entering the war on opposing sides. The initial fighting occurred on the Western and Eastern fronts, with major battles inflicting heavy casualties. The US eventually entered the war in 1917 after German submarine warfare threatened American ships.
The document summarizes several major battles of WWI including Tannenberg (1914), Verdun (1916), Somme (1916), the Marne (1914), Gallipoli (1915), and the Christmas Truce of 1914. It describes Germany's victory at Tannenberg, the longest and deadliest battle at Verdun, the brutality of Somme including Britain losing a third of its troops in one day, and brief armistices during battles like the Christmas Truce and stalemates near Arras in 1914. Sources cited include firstworldwar.com, historylearningsite.co.uk, and historyonthenet.com.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This triggered a series of alliances that drew the major powers of Europe into war. The war was caused by militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and a system of interlocking alliances. It resulted in over 15 million military and civilian casualties and ended with the defeat of the Central Powers by the Allied forces in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles and its harsh terms against Germany set the stage for World War II.
The document discusses the origins of the crisis in Europe and the Middle East from 1900-1929. It covers the decline of the Ottoman Empire and rise of nationalism in the Balkans. It also discusses the new system of alliances between European powers that contributed to WWI. The war resulted in millions of casualties and the breakup of old empires. It led to new borders in Europe and the Middle East under the treaty system. However, tensions remained as Germany and other nations felt humiliated by the treaties. The document also outlines the rise of new nationalistic governments in Turkey and China in this unstable postwar environment.
The document summarizes key events from June to August 1914 that led to the outbreak of World War 1. It describes the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which increased tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia and declares war after Serbia orders mobilization. Germany promises support for Austria-Hungary and demands an end to Russian mobilization. Germany declares war on Russia and invades neutral Belgium, bringing Britain into the war against Germany. Over the course of a few weeks in August, the major European powers declare war on each other and the first battles of WWI begin across Europe and colonies.
The document summarizes key events in Europe and Asia leading up to World War 2, including the rise of fascist regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan and their acts of aggression in the 1930s. It also covers the outbreak of war in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland, as well as early victories by Germany using blitzkrieg tactics. The summary concludes with Allied counterattacks against the Axis powers from 1942 onward across multiple fronts.
Germany pursued an aggressive foreign policy of Weltpolitik that sought European dominance. The September Program outlined Germany's ambition to control Europe economically and politically by making nations like France and Belgium subordinate to Germany. Germany also took actions like expanding its navy and interfering in crises in Morocco that antagonized Britain and France. While Austria-Hungary's conflict with Serbia was the immediate trigger for war, Germany shared responsibility for the war breaking out due to its encouragement of and unconditional support for Austria-Hungary's actions against Serbia through the "Blank Cheque", as well as miscalculations in its Schlieffen Plan that drew more countries into the war.
The presentation is about First World War. it's causes, devastation and name and force of the central powers and allied powers. The consequences and peace treaties which came into force through world war 1 in world history. It will be helpful for students of political science, public administration and international relations.
The document summarizes major events of 1917-1918 that led to the end of World War 1. It describes how the Russian monarchy collapsed and a new provisional government took over, but was unstable and split between communist Bolsheviks and democratic Mensheviks. Germany allowed Lenin to return to Russia to help destabilize it. In the US, Woodrow Wilson led the country to enter the war against Germany in 1917. On the Western Front, German offensives were stopped in 1918 and they were forced to retreat. Austria asked for an armistice in November 1918, followed by Germany's leaders abdicating and agreeing to an armistice on November 11th. Peace negotiations took place in Paris in 1919
World War I was a global war centered in Europe from 1914 to 1918. Over 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history. The war involved two opposing alliances - the Allies including Britain, France, Russia and later Italy, Japan, and the U.S., and the Central Powers including Germany, Austria-Hungary and later the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. The war began after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and dragged in countries around the world through a system of alliances and treaties. After over four years of fighting and millions of casualties, Germany agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918, marking the end
World War 1 began on July 28, 1914 and lasted until November 11, 1918. It started as a local European conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia but grew to become a global war involving 30 countries and more than 70 million military personnel. The two opposing alliances were the Allies including the UK, France, Russia, and later the US, and the Central Powers including Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. After over four years of heavy casualties on both sides from trench warfare and new military technologies, Germany agreed to an armistice, ending the war. In total over 16 million people died making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history.
World War I was a global military conflict centered in Europe from 1914 to 1918. It involved over 70 million military personnel from several European empires and nations. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the war as alliances were invoked and countries declared war on each other. Trench warfare dominated on the Western Front while fighting also occurred in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa and at sea. Over 15 million people were killed making it one of the deadliest conflicts. At the end of the war, four major empires collapsed and new countries emerged from redrawn maps of Europe.
First world war and the Bismarck SystemsPushkin1799
The document provides background information on the First World War from 1914-1918. It describes how the war introduced the concept of "Total War" where entire countries mobilized their resources. New weapons like tanks, airplanes, poison gas, and machine guns were used. The war resulted in over 9 million casualties and 6 million disabled. It caused massive economic damage and displaced millions of refugees. Leading up to the war, Germany's Chancellor Bismarck had established a complex system of alliances in Europe that broke down and led to the outbreak of war in 1914.
The document provides information about the causes, beginning, and effects of World War 1. It discusses the alliance systems and militarism that contributed to the war, as well as nationalism. It describes how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue demands to Serbia that caused other countries to join due to existing treaties. The effects included changes to governments like the Treaty of Versailles, economic impacts like debt and inflation in Europe, and lasting psychological impacts on society.
This document contains images and information about soldiers and aspects of World War 1. It includes photos of soldiers from different countries fighting in the war. There are also sections focused on trenches, weapons, gas attacks, medical care, and the aftermath of the war. The document provides a visual overview of what the war looked like for those involved and some of the key experiences of soldiers during World War 1.
The First World War began in 1914 and ended in 1918. Some of the key causes included militant nationalism, an arms race between European powers, and the division of Europe into opposing alliances. The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, drawing in other allied countries. After years of fighting and millions of casualties, Germany surrendered in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles established harsh peace terms for Germany and redrew borders in Europe. It also created the League of Nations to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars.
The document provides information about World War 1 including:
1) World War 1 began in 1914 when the two main alliances of countries engaged in battle. Society and industry changed as weapons were manufactured and women worked while men fought.
2) The causes of World War 1 included tensions during the period of uneasy peace after 1870, economic and colonial rivalries, and an arms race. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia.
3) After the war, the Treaty of Versailles imposed penalties on Germany and redrew borders in Europe. The League of Nations was formed to maintain peace but was ultimately unable to prevent World War 2.
Nationalism, militarism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand were key causes of World War 1. Nationalism increased tensions as countries wanted to expand their territory and demonstrate their dominance. Militarism exacerbated these tensions as countries aggressively increased their military strength. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist group was the spark that ignited hostilities among the countries due to overlapping alliances.
Based on the information provided, all four of the background causes contributed significantly to the outbreak of World War 1. However, the complex system of alliances seems to have been the most direct trigger. By binding countries to support their allies militarily, the alliances created a situation where a conflict between two countries could easily engulf all of Europe through a series of calls to honor treaty obligations.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: THE ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALLI...George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: THE ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM. Contains: Europe's main powers in 1900, Bismarck's alliances, opposition to Germany, implications of the alliances.
The document summarizes the key causes, events, and consequences of World War 1 from 1914-1918. The main causes included rising tensions and rivalries between European powers that were exacerbated by their military alliances. The immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and the military alliances caused other countries to join the war. The war was fought primarily in trenches on the Western and Eastern fronts and involved new deadly weapons. It ended in 1918 with Germany's defeat after the entry of the US into the war and the Bolshevik revolution in Russia. The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, sowing
World War I began as a local conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia but quickly escalated into a global war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria to declare war on Serbia, pulling in allies on both sides due to a web of entangling alliances. Germany launched the Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France but it failed, resulting in years of bloody trench warfare on the Western Front. As the war dragged on with no clear winner, new military technologies like submarines threatened to shift the tide but also risked drawing more nations into the growing conflict.
The document discusses the origins and key events of World War 1. It describes how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue an ultimatum to Serbia, sparking the war. The fighting resulted in trench warfare and massive casualties with little movement at the front. The U.S. entry into the war in 1917 boosted the Allies but Russia withdrew. The war ended with the punitive Treaty of Versailles, which assigned blame and reparations to Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919, imposed harsh terms on Germany following World War 1. It required Germany to accept responsibility for starting the war, reduce its armed forces, pay extensive reparations, and cede territory. While Woodrow Wilson wanted a just peace, the other Allied leaders sought to punish and weaken Germany to prevent future aggression. Most Germans bitterly opposed the treaty, seeing it as an unjust dictate that humiliated their country and could destabilize Europe.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after World War 1, including territorial losses, demilitarization, and reparations payments. Germany attempted to circumvent these restrictions through secret military collaboration with the Soviet Union and building arms factories in other countries. German companies also established front companies and sold weapons designs to neutral countries to enable further arms development.
Imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and alliance systems contributed to tensions between European powers and caused World War I. Imperial nations sought resources and territory, leading to conflicts over control of areas like the Balkan Peninsula and access to the Mediterranean Sea. An arms race and development of powerful navies through militarism heightened tensions. Extreme nationalism made countries view themselves as superior to others. Finally, the system of alliances that formed two teams - the Triple Entente and Central Powers - pulled more countries into war when the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ignited conflict between Austria and Serbia.
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during World War I:
1) By 1914, Europe was divided into two hostile alliances - the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. This system of alliances increased tensions and the risk of a localized conflict spreading.
2) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue ultimatums to Serbia, pulling the alliances into war by early August 1914.
3) The war quickly resulted in trench stalemate on the Western Front as new military technologies outpaced military tactics. Over 15 million people were killed by the war's end in 1918.
International peace collapsed by 1939 due to the failures of the treaties ending World War 1 and the League of Nations in the 1930s. The treaties imposed harsh terms on Germany, fueling resentment. Germany, Italy, and Japan increasingly remilitarized in violation of treaty terms while Britain and France failed to respond effectively through the League. Hitler pursued aggressive foreign policies including remilitarization of the Rhineland, annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia, and signing a pact with the Soviet Union. Britain and France pursued a failed policy of appeasement until invading German troops ignited World War 2 with the invasion of Poland in 1939.
The document provides background information on the causes of World War I, including militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and assassination. It discusses key events that led to the outbreak of war in 1914, such as the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Germany declaring war on Russia and France, and the invasion of Belgium. It also summarizes some major battles of WWI on the Western and Eastern Fronts, including the First Battle of the Marne in 1914, the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915, the Battles of Verdun and the Somme in 1916, and the German offensives and breaking of the Hindenburg Line in 1918.
A detailed analysis on World War I & IIJunaet Zaman
World War 1 began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists. This sparked a series of military and political events that drew in countries from Europe and around the world into two opposing alliances - the Allies and Central Powers. Over the next four years, over 15 million soldiers and civilians would lose their lives in the war before an armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. The economic and political consequences of the war were immense and long lasting.
The document summarizes major events of 1917-1918 that led to the end of World War 1. It describes how the Russian monarchy collapsed and a new provisional government took over, but was unstable and split between communist Bolsheviks and democratic Mensheviks. Germany allowed Lenin to return to Russia to help destabilize it. In the US, Woodrow Wilson led the country to enter the war against Germany in 1917. On the Western Front, German offensives were stopped in 1918 and they were forced to retreat. Austria asked for an armistice in November 1918, followed by Germany's leaders abdicating and agreeing to an armistice on November 11th. Peace negotiations took place in Paris in 1919
World War I was a global war centered in Europe from 1914 to 1918. Over 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history. The war involved two opposing alliances - the Allies including Britain, France, Russia and later Italy, Japan, and the U.S., and the Central Powers including Germany, Austria-Hungary and later the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. The war began after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and dragged in countries around the world through a system of alliances and treaties. After over four years of fighting and millions of casualties, Germany agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918, marking the end
World War 1 began on July 28, 1914 and lasted until November 11, 1918. It started as a local European conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia but grew to become a global war involving 30 countries and more than 70 million military personnel. The two opposing alliances were the Allies including the UK, France, Russia, and later the US, and the Central Powers including Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. After over four years of heavy casualties on both sides from trench warfare and new military technologies, Germany agreed to an armistice, ending the war. In total over 16 million people died making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history.
World War I was a global military conflict centered in Europe from 1914 to 1918. It involved over 70 million military personnel from several European empires and nations. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the war as alliances were invoked and countries declared war on each other. Trench warfare dominated on the Western Front while fighting also occurred in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa and at sea. Over 15 million people were killed making it one of the deadliest conflicts. At the end of the war, four major empires collapsed and new countries emerged from redrawn maps of Europe.
First world war and the Bismarck SystemsPushkin1799
The document provides background information on the First World War from 1914-1918. It describes how the war introduced the concept of "Total War" where entire countries mobilized their resources. New weapons like tanks, airplanes, poison gas, and machine guns were used. The war resulted in over 9 million casualties and 6 million disabled. It caused massive economic damage and displaced millions of refugees. Leading up to the war, Germany's Chancellor Bismarck had established a complex system of alliances in Europe that broke down and led to the outbreak of war in 1914.
The document provides information about the causes, beginning, and effects of World War 1. It discusses the alliance systems and militarism that contributed to the war, as well as nationalism. It describes how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue demands to Serbia that caused other countries to join due to existing treaties. The effects included changes to governments like the Treaty of Versailles, economic impacts like debt and inflation in Europe, and lasting psychological impacts on society.
This document contains images and information about soldiers and aspects of World War 1. It includes photos of soldiers from different countries fighting in the war. There are also sections focused on trenches, weapons, gas attacks, medical care, and the aftermath of the war. The document provides a visual overview of what the war looked like for those involved and some of the key experiences of soldiers during World War 1.
The First World War began in 1914 and ended in 1918. Some of the key causes included militant nationalism, an arms race between European powers, and the division of Europe into opposing alliances. The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, drawing in other allied countries. After years of fighting and millions of casualties, Germany surrendered in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles established harsh peace terms for Germany and redrew borders in Europe. It also created the League of Nations to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars.
The document provides information about World War 1 including:
1) World War 1 began in 1914 when the two main alliances of countries engaged in battle. Society and industry changed as weapons were manufactured and women worked while men fought.
2) The causes of World War 1 included tensions during the period of uneasy peace after 1870, economic and colonial rivalries, and an arms race. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia.
3) After the war, the Treaty of Versailles imposed penalties on Germany and redrew borders in Europe. The League of Nations was formed to maintain peace but was ultimately unable to prevent World War 2.
Nationalism, militarism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand were key causes of World War 1. Nationalism increased tensions as countries wanted to expand their territory and demonstrate their dominance. Militarism exacerbated these tensions as countries aggressively increased their military strength. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist group was the spark that ignited hostilities among the countries due to overlapping alliances.
Based on the information provided, all four of the background causes contributed significantly to the outbreak of World War 1. However, the complex system of alliances seems to have been the most direct trigger. By binding countries to support their allies militarily, the alliances created a situation where a conflict between two countries could easily engulf all of Europe through a series of calls to honor treaty obligations.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: THE ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALLI...George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: THE ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM. Contains: Europe's main powers in 1900, Bismarck's alliances, opposition to Germany, implications of the alliances.
The document summarizes the key causes, events, and consequences of World War 1 from 1914-1918. The main causes included rising tensions and rivalries between European powers that were exacerbated by their military alliances. The immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and the military alliances caused other countries to join the war. The war was fought primarily in trenches on the Western and Eastern fronts and involved new deadly weapons. It ended in 1918 with Germany's defeat after the entry of the US into the war and the Bolshevik revolution in Russia. The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, sowing
World War I began as a local conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia but quickly escalated into a global war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria to declare war on Serbia, pulling in allies on both sides due to a web of entangling alliances. Germany launched the Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France but it failed, resulting in years of bloody trench warfare on the Western Front. As the war dragged on with no clear winner, new military technologies like submarines threatened to shift the tide but also risked drawing more nations into the growing conflict.
The document discusses the origins and key events of World War 1. It describes how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue an ultimatum to Serbia, sparking the war. The fighting resulted in trench warfare and massive casualties with little movement at the front. The U.S. entry into the war in 1917 boosted the Allies but Russia withdrew. The war ended with the punitive Treaty of Versailles, which assigned blame and reparations to Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919, imposed harsh terms on Germany following World War 1. It required Germany to accept responsibility for starting the war, reduce its armed forces, pay extensive reparations, and cede territory. While Woodrow Wilson wanted a just peace, the other Allied leaders sought to punish and weaken Germany to prevent future aggression. Most Germans bitterly opposed the treaty, seeing it as an unjust dictate that humiliated their country and could destabilize Europe.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after World War 1, including territorial losses, demilitarization, and reparations payments. Germany attempted to circumvent these restrictions through secret military collaboration with the Soviet Union and building arms factories in other countries. German companies also established front companies and sold weapons designs to neutral countries to enable further arms development.
Imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and alliance systems contributed to tensions between European powers and caused World War I. Imperial nations sought resources and territory, leading to conflicts over control of areas like the Balkan Peninsula and access to the Mediterranean Sea. An arms race and development of powerful navies through militarism heightened tensions. Extreme nationalism made countries view themselves as superior to others. Finally, the system of alliances that formed two teams - the Triple Entente and Central Powers - pulled more countries into war when the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ignited conflict between Austria and Serbia.
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during World War I:
1) By 1914, Europe was divided into two hostile alliances - the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. This system of alliances increased tensions and the risk of a localized conflict spreading.
2) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue ultimatums to Serbia, pulling the alliances into war by early August 1914.
3) The war quickly resulted in trench stalemate on the Western Front as new military technologies outpaced military tactics. Over 15 million people were killed by the war's end in 1918.
International peace collapsed by 1939 due to the failures of the treaties ending World War 1 and the League of Nations in the 1930s. The treaties imposed harsh terms on Germany, fueling resentment. Germany, Italy, and Japan increasingly remilitarized in violation of treaty terms while Britain and France failed to respond effectively through the League. Hitler pursued aggressive foreign policies including remilitarization of the Rhineland, annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia, and signing a pact with the Soviet Union. Britain and France pursued a failed policy of appeasement until invading German troops ignited World War 2 with the invasion of Poland in 1939.
The document provides background information on the causes of World War I, including militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and assassination. It discusses key events that led to the outbreak of war in 1914, such as the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Germany declaring war on Russia and France, and the invasion of Belgium. It also summarizes some major battles of WWI on the Western and Eastern Fronts, including the First Battle of the Marne in 1914, the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915, the Battles of Verdun and the Somme in 1916, and the German offensives and breaking of the Hindenburg Line in 1918.
A detailed analysis on World War I & IIJunaet Zaman
World War 1 began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists. This sparked a series of military and political events that drew in countries from Europe and around the world into two opposing alliances - the Allies and Central Powers. Over the next four years, over 15 million soldiers and civilians would lose their lives in the war before an armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. The economic and political consequences of the war were immense and long lasting.
World War I was caused by rising nationalism in European nations and their competition for power and resources, which led to the formation of opposing alliances. Militarism and an arms race escalated tensions as countries expanded their armed forces. Immediate causes of the war included the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist and the chain reaction of countries honoring their alliance obligations by declaring war on each other. Within a month, the major European powers were at war across both Western and Eastern fronts.
The document provides background information on the causes of World War I, including nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the system of alliances between European powers. It describes how nationalist sentiments led countries to build up their militaries in an arms race. Competing colonial interests exacerbated tensions. By 1914, Germany and Austria-Hungary were allied against Russia, France, and Britain in a complex network that caused the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand to trigger a chain reaction leading those countries to declare war on each other.
The world war 1 broke out on July 28, 1914 when Austria declared war on Serbia over the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This sparked escalating alliances that drew most European powers into the war. Some of the long-term causes that heightened tensions were nationalism, imperialism, militarism as countries engaged in arms races, and a lack of international organizations to prevent or reduce conflicts. The assassination was used as a pretext for Austria to issue demands that violated Serbia's sovereignty, which led to Russia and Germany entering on opposing sides and pulling in their allies over the following weeks. By August 1914, 30 countries were engaged in the massive global war.
World War I began after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. This caused countries to take sides and enter the war through a series of alliances, with the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire fighting against the Allied Powers including Britain, France, Russia and later the United States. Major battles included the Battle of the Marne in 1914 where Germany failed to capture Paris, and the Battle of the Somme in 1916 which was the bloodiest day for Britain. The United States entered the war in 1917 after German U-boats attacked American ships, and launched a major offensive in 1918 that helped turn the tide in favor of the Allies
The document provides background information on World War 1 (1914-1918). It begins by stating that at the outbreak of war in summer 1914, nobody expected it to be long, as soldiers went happily to fight in a presumed short war. However, reality was crueler - the war lasted over four years and soldiers and civilians endured terrible hardships. It then discusses the various long-term tensions and alliance systems between European powers that led to the outbreak of war, as well as new weapons and tactics used during the war.
The Great War (World War I) was a global conflict from 1914-1918 that involved 27 countries and resulted in over 20 million deaths. It was caused by militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and a system of alliances that drew more countries into the war. Trench warfare and new technologies such as machine guns, tanks, planes, and poison gas led to unprecedented carnage and devastation. The war ended with an armistice signed on November 11, 1918.
The four main causes that led to World War 1 were alliances between European countries that pulled them into war if one was attacked, imperialism and competition over colonies that increased tensions, militarism as countries engaged in an arms race, and nationalism as countries desired to prove their dominance. The immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist in 1914. This caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and triggered the web of alliances to pull most European powers into the war. The war resulted in over 37 million casualties before an armistice was signed in 1918.
This document provides a timeline of events in 1914 during World War 1. It begins with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand which sparked the war. Key events included Germany declaring war on France and invading Belgium, causing Britain and others to join the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. The timeline details major battles on both the eastern and western fronts throughout the year, including the Christmas truce between British and German soldiers.
World War 1 began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by Serbian nationalists. This triggered a series of military and political events that led major European powers to declare war on each other, dividing into two opposing alliances: the Allies (Britain, France, Russia, and later Italy and the United States) versus the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). The war involved new military technologies and tactics, including trench warfare, machine guns, airplanes, and poison gas. Over 9 million soldiers were killed by the end of the war in 1918, with the Allies emerging victorious after nearly four years of fighting.
World War I was a global war involving many countries from 1914-1918. Key alliances divided countries into the Allied and Central Powers. Mutual defense treaties ensured Russia and France's entry against Germany and Austria-Hungary after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Though Woodrow Wilson wanted peace, Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare led the US to join the Allies in 1917. The Central Powers ultimately lost due to battles on the Western Front and revolutions in Germany and Russia, ending with the November 1918 Armistice.
HISTORY YEAR 10: THE COURSE OF WORLD WAR 1. It contains: Sarajevo assassination, big battles, USA entering the war, the threat of Germany, Germany vs Britain, the Balkans, the system of alliances, 5 phases of WW1, the war of movement, the race to the sea, stalemate 1915, the war of attrition 1916-1918, the war of attrition blockades, the end of the war, the consequences of war, homework.
The document provides background information on the main powers in Europe prior to World War 1, including Britain, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Germany. It describes their overseas empires, political situations, alliances and rivalries. It then outlines some of the key events that increased tensions between the powers and ultimately led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914.
The immediate cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. However, several underlying long-term factors contributed to the outbreak of war, including a web of alliances that drew more countries into the conflict, imperialism and competition for colonies, the arms race and militarism of European powers, and rising nationalism within and among countries that increased tensions.
The document summarizes the key events that led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914. It discusses the rise of imperialism and nationalism in European powers in the late 19th century which increased tensions. It also describes the system of alliances between European countries and how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand resulted in Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and led Germany and their allies to join the war against Russia, France and their allies.
The document provides an overview of World War I, including its long-term and short-term causes, key battles on the Western and Eastern fronts, new military technologies used, America's entry into the war, and how the war was ultimately ended in 1918. Some of the major events and developments discussed include the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand leading to declarations of war across Europe in 1914, the trench warfare and stalemate on the Western Front, America declaring war on Germany in 1917 after attacks on US ships, and Germany agreeing to an armistice in November 1918 to end the war.
“World War 1”- World War 1 may have been the war to end all wars, but it was also the beginning of many military and civilian technologies.
(1914 to 1918)
World War One lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved fighting across Europe and other parts of the world. Over 20 million people were killed and 21 million wounded. The war started after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and drew in countries from opposing alliances. It led to massive fighting along the Western Front in trenches and ended with the defeat of Germany and the Central Powers.
Ranavalona III was the last sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar, ruling from 1883 to 1897. As a young woman, she was selected to succeed Queen Ranavalona II upon her death. Like her predecessors, Ranavalona III entered a political marriage with Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony, who largely oversaw governance. Throughout her reign, Ranavalona III tried to resist colonial efforts by France by strengthening trade with other nations, but France ultimately captured Antananarivo in 1895, ending the kingdom's sovereignty and exiling Ranavalona III.
In 1832, settlement began in an area called Little Thames in what would become Stratford, Ontario. By the 1840s, Stratford had around 200 inhabitants and various mills, stores, and other businesses. The town slowly grew until the 1850s when the railway arrived, bringing furniture manufacturing and locomotive repair that became major industries by the 20th century. In 1933, a major strike in the furniture industry was led by communist organizers. While some of the documents discuss outlandish claims about Adolf Hitler living in Stratford after being kidnapped as a child, Stratford is best known as the home of the renowned Shakespearean Stratford Festival held from May to October each year.
Shannon Selin's book about Napoleon is criticized for being very boring and poorly written. Reviews indicate the book feels as dead as its subject, Napoleon, and that readers found it difficult to stay awake while reading due to the sad writing style. The reviews suggest Wikipedia entries provide more interesting information about Napoleon than the book.
Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when an English monk named Saint Eskil established a base called "Tuna" and served as the bishop of the southern coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was later killed by pagan Vikings for trying to convert them to Christianity. The monastery founded by Saint Eskil was eventually destroyed during the Protestant Reformation and replaced with Eskilstuna House, the royal castle. Eskilstuna was granted city privileges in 1659 and grew significantly during the Industrial Revolution as it became a major center of steel production in Sweden, earning its nickname "The City of Steel."
This document discusses several tactics and behaviors that are characteristic of authoritarian regimes and dictators, and provides examples of Donald Trump exhibiting some of these concerning behaviors:
1) Trump attacks the free press and media that criticize him, similar to propaganda techniques used in Nazi Germany.
2) Trump holds large rallies to glorify himself and spread his message, like Hitler and Goebbels did in Nazi Germany.
3) Trump scapegoats immigrants and racial minorities as enemies and dangers, and offers simplistic solutions like building a border wall, mirroring tactics used by authoritarian leaders.
4) Experts have warned that Trump's narcissism, dishonesty, and disregard for facts are traits shared by soci
The document summarizes German federal elections between 1928 and 1938, during which time the Nazi party rose to power. Some key points:
- In 1928, the Social Democratic Party remained the largest but failed to gain a majority. The Nazi party received less than 3% of the vote.
- In 1930, the Nazi party dramatically increased its seats from 12 to 107, becoming the second largest party.
- In 1932, the Nazi party became the largest party for the first time with 37% of the vote and 230 seats.
- The 1933 and 1938 elections after Hitler became Chancellor were not free and fair, with intimidation of opposition parties. The Nazi party was the sole party by 1938.
The Nazi government in Germany was able to significantly reduce unemployment between 1933-1939 through policies like public works programs and encouraging women to leave the workforce. However, while unemployment dropped from around 6 million to only 300,000, standards of living did not improve for workers under the Nazi regime. Workers faced increasingly long hours, low wages set by the state, and removal of union rights. Overall, the Nazi economic system prioritized rearmament and military spending over improving conditions for average German citizens.
Robert Wadlow, from Alton, Illinois, was the tallest person in recorded history at 8 feet 11.1 inches tall due to a pituitary gland condition. The list also includes John Rogan, the tallest African American on record at 8 feet 9 inches; John F. Carroll who suffered from severe spinal curvature and reached 8 feet 1/4 inch; Leonid Stadnyk who grew to 8 feet 5 inches due to a pituitary tumor; and Donald A. Koehler who was recognized as the tallest living man from 1969 to 1981 reaching 8 feet 2 inches due to acromegalic gigantism. The document lists 10 of the tallest people in history, many of whom suffered from medical conditions
The document discusses Andrzej Duda, the president of Poland since 2015 and member of the nationalist conservative Law and Justice party (PiS). It outlines Duda's election and reelection as president while supported by PiS. It then discusses criticisms of PiS and Duda, including that they threaten democracy and the rule of law in Poland, want to increase control over the media and judiciary, are xenophobic and homophobic, and restrict abortion rights. Citizens and organizations in Poland oppose some actions of PiS and Duda.
Peter Driben was one of the most prolific American pin-up artists of the 1940s and 1950s. He created hundreds of covers for magazines like Beauty Parade and established himself as one of the most recognized glamour artists in America through his work for publisher Robert Harrison. Driben studied art in Boston and Paris before beginning his career drawing showgirls in Paris and creating magazine covers in the 1930s. In addition to pin-ups, he also produced advertising artwork and posters, including for the film The Maltese Falcon. After retiring from pin-up art, Driben spent his later years in Miami Beach painting portraits and other fine art works with his wife.
Mallorca is the largest island of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea and part of Spain. The capital and largest city is Palma, which has a population of over 400,000. Like nearby islands Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera, Mallorca is a popular tourist destination, especially for visitors from Germany and the UK, receiving over 28 million passengers annually at its international airport in Palma.
Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin began developing airship technology in 1874 and conducted the first flight of his airship LZ 1 over Lake Constance in 1900. While this initial flight proved the airship's potential, investors declined further funding. Undeterred, Zeppelin continued experimenting and received patents for his designs in Germany and the United States. Zeppelins went on to be the first airliners, operated by DELAG starting in 1910, carrying over 10,000 passengers on 1,500 flights by 1914. They were also extensively used as bombers and scouts by Germany in World War I.
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign of any monarch in European history. He began personal rule in 1661 after the death of his chief minister. Louis sought to strengthen the French monarchy and centralized state power. He enacted significant legal and administrative reforms. Louis was also known for his numerous wars against other European powers such as the Netherlands, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire in an effort to expand French territory and influence.
The 25th Dynasty was a line of Nubian pharaohs who ruled Egypt from 744-656 BC after invading from their kingdom in Kush, located in modern-day Sudan. They established their capital at Napata and assimilated Egyptian culture while also introducing some Kushite aspects. However, after defeats by the Assyrian Empire, Kushite rule over Egypt came to an end and they were replaced by the 26th Dynasty as vassals of Assyria, marking the end of the Late Period in ancient Egypt.
The Swedish Empire had a formidable military during the 17th century under the leadership of Gustavus Adolphus. Gustavus reformed the army into a professional national force and introduced an effective regimental system. The Swedish army was well-equipped with modern weapons and tactics, including light artillery and combined arms. While the navy lagged behind Denmark's, Gustavus allied with other Protestant naval powers. At its peak in the early 18th century under Charles XII, the Swedish military numbered over 150,000 troops and achieved a major victory over a larger Russian force at the Battle of Narva in 1700.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
World War I
1. 100 years World War 1
Armistice of 11 November 1918
World
War I
2. Armistice of 11 November 1918
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World
War I between the Allies and their opponent, Germany. Previous armistices had been agreed with
Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Also known as the Armistice of
Compiègne from the place where it was signed, it came into force at 11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November
1918 ("the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month") and marked a victory for the Allies
and a defeat for Germany, although not formally a surrender.
The actual terms, largely written by the Allied Supreme Commander, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, included
the cessation of hostilities, the withdrawal of German forces to behind the Rhine, Allied occupation of
the Rhineland and bridgeheads further east, the preservation of infrastructure, the surrender of aircraft,
warships, and military materiel, the release of Allied prisoners of war and interned civilians, eventual
reparations, no release of German prisoners and no relaxation of the naval blockade of Germany.
Although the armistice ended the fighting, it needed to be prolonged three times until theTreaty of
Versailles, which was signed on 28 June 1919, took effect on 10 January 1920.
4. Events
1914, 28 june: Frans Ferdinand killed (Sarajevo)
1914, 28 july:War Austria – Hungary / Serbia
1914, 1 august:War Germany / Russia
1914, 3 august:War Gemany / France
1914, 4 august:War Great Britain / Germany
1914, 6 august:War Austria-Hungary / Russia
1914, 23 august:War Japan / Russia
1914, 28 oktober: War Turkey / Russia
1914, 5 november: War GB / Turkey
1915, 23 may: War Italy / Austria-Hungary
1915, 14 oktober: Bulgaria joins the War
1916, 27, august: War Rumania /Aus.-Hun.
1916, 6 april: War US / Germany
1916, 27 june: Greece joins th War
Uniform Frans Ferdinand
5. About
WorldWar I (often abbreviated asWWI orWW1), also known as the FirstWorldWar or the
GreatWar, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11
November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", it led to the
mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans,
making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and
seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later
genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million
deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial
developments and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of
the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes, including the
Revolutions of 1917–1923, in many of the nations involved.
6. Florence Beatrice Green (née
Patterson; 19 February 1901
– 4 February 2012), last
surviving veteran of the First
WorldWar.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Florence_Green.jpg
100 years since
End of the War
(Paris 2018
11/11)
9. Map Europé year 1914 compare after 1918
Austria-Hungary
(Looser)
10. The Triple Alliance in 1913
TheTriple Alliance was a secret agreement
between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Italy. It was formed on 20 May 1882 and
renewed periodically until it expired in 1915
duringWorldWar I. Germany and Austria-
Hungary had been closely allied since 1879.
Italy sought support against France shortly
after it lost North African ambitions to the
French. Each member promised mutual
support in the event of an attack by any
other great power.The treaty provided that
Germany and Austria-Hungary were to
assist Italy if it was attacked by France
without provocation. In turn, Italy would
assist Germany if attacked by France. In the
event of a war between Austria-Hungary
and Russia, Italy promised to remain
neutral.
11. European military alliances prior to
World War I
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg
The Triple Entente (from French
entente [ɑ̃tɑ̃t] "friendship,
understanding, agreement") refers to
the understanding linking the Russian
Empire, the FrenchThird Republic, and
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-
Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.
The understanding between the three
powers, supplemented by agreements
with Japan and Portugal, was a
powerful counterweight to theTriple
Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary,
and Italy.
12. Location - Result
Location: Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands, China, Indian Ocean, North
and South Atlantic Ocean
Result
Allied Powers victory
Central Powers victory on the Eastern Front nullified by defeat on the Western Front
Fall of all of the continental European (German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-
Hungarian)
Hungarian)
empires Russian Civil War and foundation of the Soviet Union Establishment
of the League of Nations
13. Casualties and losses aprox 17 – 18
million people
Military dead: 5,525,000
Military wounded: 12,831,500
Total: 18,356,500 KIA,WIA and MIA
Civilian dead: 4,000,000
Military dead: 4,386,000
Military wounded: 8,388,000
Total: 12,774,000 KIA,WIA and MIA
Civilian dead: 3,700,000
Allies / Entente Powers
Central Powers
14. The German advance into
France was halted at the
Battle of the Marne and
by the end of 1914, the
Western Front settled
into a battle of attrition,
marked by a long series of
trench lines that changed
little until 1917.The
Eastern Front was marked
by much greater
exchanges of territory,
but though Serbia was
defeated in 1915, and
Romania joined the Allied
Powers in 1916 only to be
defeated in 1917, none of
the great powers were
knocked out of the war
until 1918.
15.
16. German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia
was to concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France
within four weeks, then shift forces to the East before Russia could
fully mobilise; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan. On 2
August, Germany demanded free passage through Belgium, an
essential element in achieving a quick victory over France. When this
was refused, German forces entered Belgium early on the morning of
3 August and declared war with France the same day; the Belgian
government invoked the 1839Treaty of London and in compliance
with its obligations under this, Britain declared war on Germany on 4
August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on
Austria-Hungary; on the 23rd, Japan sided with the Entente, seizing
the opportunity to expand its sphere of influence by capturing
German possessions in China and the Pacific.The war was fought in
and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the
conflict across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually
become known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-
Hungary and Germany would become known as the Central Powers.
17.
18.
19. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire
joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in
the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai
Peninsula. In 1915, Italy joined the Allied
Powers and Bulgaria joined the Central
Powers. After the sinking of seven US
merchant ships by German submarines, and
the revelation that the Germans were trying
to incite Mexico to make war on the United
States, the US declared war on Germany on 6
April 1917.
20.
21. The German offensive in the West was officially titled
Aufmarsch IWest, but is better known as the Schlieffen
Plan, after its original creator. Schlieffen deliberately kept
the German left (i.e. its positions in Alsace-Lorraine) weak
to lure the French into attacking there, while the majority
were allocated to the German right, so as to sweep
through Belgium, encircle Paris and trap the French armies
against the Swiss border (the French charged into Alsace-
Lorraine on the outbreak of war as envisaged by their Plan
XVII, thus actually aiding this strategy). However,
Schlieffen's successor Moltke grew concerned that the
French might push too hard on his left flank. As such, as
the German Army increased in size in the years leading up
to the war, he changed the allocation of forces between
the German right and left wings from 85:15 to 70:30.
Ultimately, Moltke's changes meant insufficient forces to
achieve decisive success and thus unrealistic goals and
timings.
22. German soldiers in a
railway goods wagon on
the way to the front in
1914. Early in the war,
all sides expected the
conflict to be a short
one.
23. French bayonet
charge, Battle of the
Frontiers; by the end
of August, French
casualties exceeded
260,000, including
75,000 dead.
35. Manfred von Richthofen (in the cockpit) by his famous Rotes
Flugzeug ("Red Aircraft") with other members of Jasta 11. His
brother Lothar is seated on the ground. Photographed 23 April
1917
37. No. 3 Squadron AFC officers were pallbearers
and other ranks from the squadron acted as a
guard of honour during the Red Baron's
funeral on 22 April 1918.
38. Actual photo of ‘The Fed Baron’ landing his Fokker DL1 triplane
39. Sopwith Camel
The Sopwith Camel was a
British FirstWorldWar
single-seat biplane
fighter aircraft
introduced on the
Western Front in 1917. It
was developed by the
Sopwith Aviation
Company as a successor
to the earlier Sopwith
Pup and became one of
the most iconic fighter
aircraft of the FirstWorld
War.
44. By the end of 1914, German
troops held strong defensive
positions inside France,
controlled the bulk of
France's domestic coalfields
and had inflicted 230,000
more casualties than it lost
itself. However,
communications problems
and questionable command
decisions cost Germany the
chance of a decisive outcome
while it had failed to achieve
the primary objective of
avoiding a long, two-front
war.This amounted to a
strategic defeat; shortly after
the Marne,Crown Prince
Wilhelm told anAmerican
reporter; "We have lost the
war. It will go on for a long
time but lost it is already.
47. The last large-scale offensive
of this period was a British
attack (with French support) at
Passchendaele (July–
November 1917).This offensive
opened with great promise for
the Allies, before bogging
down in the October mud.
Casualties, though disputed,
were roughly equal, at some
200,000–400,000 per side.
48. The Ottomans threatened
Russia's Caucasian territories and
Britain's communications with
India via the Suez Canal. As the
conflict progressed, the Ottoman
Empire took advantage of the
European powers' preoccupation
with the war and conducted
large-scale ethnic cleansing of
the indigenous Armenian, Greek,
and Assyrian Christian
populations, known as the
Armenian Genocide, Greek
Genocide, and Assyrian
Genocide.
66. The first Russian military pilot
Evgeny Rudnev
The Imperial Russian Air
Service (Императорскiй
военно-воздушный флотъ,
literally Emperor's Military Air
Fleet) was an air force
founded in 1912 for Imperial
Russia.The Air Service
operated for 5 years. It only
saw combat inWorld War I
before being reorganized and
renamed in 1917 following
the creation of Soviet Russia.
It formed what would later
become the Soviet Air Forces.
74. 20th Battery Canadian
Field Artillery, Neuville
St.Vaast, April 1917.
The horse are soaking
and laden with gear.
75. German soldiers on board a
tank which bears the word
escapade on the side.Three
sit on the top while another
leans out of the window.
76. Crowds in NewYork celebrate the end
of the FirstWorldWar. America joined
the conflict in 1917.
77. Nuns laying
wreaths in a field of
mass graves.The
total number of
military and civilian
casualties inWorld
War I was around
18 million.
78. Smiling British men
and boys marching
out of a trench at
captured from the
Germans at the
Somme. A sign reads
‘the old hun line’ –
referring to where the
German front line
used to be.
79. A bombed out town
with collapsing
buildings as a lone
soldier wanders near
a crater. Pictured 24.
A gigantic shell
crater, 75 yards in
circumference,Ypres,
Belgium,October
1917.
80. German officers with
an armored car,
Ukraine, Spring of
1918.They stand
next to the car as
they smile for the
camera.