World Regions Chapter 1 Lesson 1 How Landforms Came to Be.ppt
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•153 views
The document discusses how landforms on Earth are formed through the process of plate tectonics. It explains that plate tectonics involves the movement of tectonic plates that make up the Earth's surface, which caused the ancient supercontinent Pangaea to break apart over time. It also describes the four major layers of the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core - and how geological forces within the Earth shape its surface landforms.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Plate tectonics unit
The document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how scientists later discovered seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, stating that the Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates that move over the asthenosphere. The boundaries between plates can be divergent, convergent, or transform. Plate motions are driven by convection currents in the Earth's mantle.
Lecture 3
The document discusses plate tectonics and the movement of tectonic plates. It describes how the theory of plate tectonics emerged over centuries through contributions from scientists like DaVinci, Hutton, Darwin, and Wegener. It explains key aspects of plate tectonics including seafloor spreading, plate boundaries, and the types of plate interactions that create different landforms. It also addresses how plate tectonics drives earthquakes and volcanic activity through the motions and collisions of lithospheric plates.
Plate Tectonics - Chapter 5
Geologists have learned about Earth's interior through examining rock samples and studying seismic waves. Temperature and pressure both increase with depth inside Earth. The crust and mantle are divided into layers with different physical properties. Convection currents in the mantle are driven by heat from the core and cause the tectonic plates to slowly move over time. The theory of plate tectonics explains how new crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and old crust is recycled into the mantle at subduction zones, causing the plates to drift apart or collide together over hundreds of millions of years.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rocks and fossils found on separated continents matched and indicated they were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, linking continental drift and seafloor spreading to explain how the Earth's crust has evolved over time.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rocks and fossils found on separated continents matched and indicated they were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, linking continental drift and seafloor spreading to explain how the Earth's crust has evolved over time through the movement of tectonic plates.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rocks and fossils found on separated continents matched and indicated they were once joined as the supercontinent Pangaea. Plate tectonics emerged as a unified theory to explain these observations.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rock and fossil evidence also indicated that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, linking ideas of continental drift and seafloor spreading to explain how tectonic plates move and cause geological features across the Earth.
AS Level Physical Geography - Rocks and Weathering
The earth's surface is an ever-changing entity. With the forces of weather and climate and tectonic variability, the rocks and minerals that make up the earth are always changing in size, shape and forms - a fascinating, ancient, never-ending process.
Recommended
Plate tectonics unit
The document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how scientists later discovered seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, stating that the Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates that move over the asthenosphere. The boundaries between plates can be divergent, convergent, or transform. Plate motions are driven by convection currents in the Earth's mantle.
Lecture 3
The document discusses plate tectonics and the movement of tectonic plates. It describes how the theory of plate tectonics emerged over centuries through contributions from scientists like DaVinci, Hutton, Darwin, and Wegener. It explains key aspects of plate tectonics including seafloor spreading, plate boundaries, and the types of plate interactions that create different landforms. It also addresses how plate tectonics drives earthquakes and volcanic activity through the motions and collisions of lithospheric plates.
Plate Tectonics - Chapter 5
Geologists have learned about Earth's interior through examining rock samples and studying seismic waves. Temperature and pressure both increase with depth inside Earth. The crust and mantle are divided into layers with different physical properties. Convection currents in the mantle are driven by heat from the core and cause the tectonic plates to slowly move over time. The theory of plate tectonics explains how new crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and old crust is recycled into the mantle at subduction zones, causing the plates to drift apart or collide together over hundreds of millions of years.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rocks and fossils found on separated continents matched and indicated they were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, linking continental drift and seafloor spreading to explain how the Earth's crust has evolved over time.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rocks and fossils found on separated continents matched and indicated they were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, linking continental drift and seafloor spreading to explain how the Earth's crust has evolved over time through the movement of tectonic plates.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rocks and fossils found on separated continents matched and indicated they were once joined as the supercontinent Pangaea. Plate tectonics emerged as a unified theory to explain these observations.
Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912 and how the theory was rejected until the 1950s. The discovery of mid-ocean ridges provided evidence that the ocean floors were spreading and pushing the continents apart. Rock and fossil evidence also indicated that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. The theory of plate tectonics emerged, linking ideas of continental drift and seafloor spreading to explain how tectonic plates move and cause geological features across the Earth.
AS Level Physical Geography - Rocks and Weathering
The earth's surface is an ever-changing entity. With the forces of weather and climate and tectonic variability, the rocks and minerals that make up the earth are always changing in size, shape and forms - a fascinating, ancient, never-ending process.
Landforms on the earth
The physical environment chapter discusses the components that make up Earth's physical environment: land, air, water, and the living environment. It describes key landforms like mountains and rivers, as well as geological processes that create and modify landforms such as plate tectonics, folding, volcanism, and erosion. Weathering and erosion by forces such as water, wind, and plant growth gradually break rocks into sediment and transport material from one place to another over long periods of time, shaping the surface of the planet. Human activities and settlement patterns are also influenced by landforms and geological characteristics of different regions.
Earth&PlateTectonics_Butler_ERBmod.ppt
The document discusses plate tectonics and provides evidence that supports the theory of continental drift. It describes how the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move relative to each other. The plates interact in different ways as they move, including colliding, pulling apart, and scraping past one another, which causes geological features like mountains and volcanoes to form. It also explains Alfred Wegener's early theory of continental drift and the fossil, geological, and geographical evidence he used to support the idea that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
Plate Tectonics I
This document provides an overview of plate tectonics and the key individuals and discoveries that led to the development of the theory. It discusses Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift in the early 20th century, which was initially rejected. It then covers the discoveries of the mid-ocean ridge system and magnetic striping of the ocean floor in the 1950s-60s, which provided evidence that the continents are moving and new crust is generated at ocean ridges through seafloor spreading. This led to the acceptance of plate tectonics as a scientific theory to explain geological phenomena.
Gegraphy grade 10
The document discusses the structure of the Earth. It is made up of four main layers from outermost to innermost:
1. Crust - The solid outermost layer, thicker under continents and thinner under oceans, made of granite, basalt, or sedimentary rock.
2. Mantle - Below the crust, made of hot solid rock up to 2,900km thick.
3. Outer core - Below the mantle, very dense but liquid due to extreme heat, made of nickel and iron, 2,250km thick.
4. Inner core - Innermost layer, extremely hot but solid due to extreme pressure, made of nickel and iron, 1,200km thick.
Plate tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the structure of the Earth. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into huge plates that drift atop the mantle. It describes the three layers of the Earth - the crust, mantle, and core. It discusses how the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart due to plate tectonics. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where they move together, and transform boundaries where they slide past each other.
Tectonic plates 2
The Earth is composed of layers including the crust divided into tectonic plates that move over time. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide, and transform where they slide past each other. Plate interactions cause volcanic activity and earthquakes, most commonly at plate margins.
Chapter 8 plate tectonics
The document summarizes plate tectonics and the structure of the Earth. It describes the three main layers of the Earth - the core, mantle and crust. It then explains plate tectonics theory, how the crust is broken into plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle. It discusses evidence that supports plate tectonics including mid-ocean ridges, trenches, volcanoes and earthquakes. It also outlines the three main types of plate movements - divergent, convergent and transform - and provides examples of related geological features formed at plate boundaries.
Plate Tectonics.ppt
The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates pull apart and new crust is formed; convergent where plates crash together and can cause volcanic activity and mountain building; and transform where plates slide past each other and can cause earthquakes. The theory integrated the earlier concepts of continental drift, which proposed the slow drifting of continents, and seafloor spreading, which showed new crust was forming under the oceans. Together, these theories explained how plate tectonics shapes the Earth's surface over millions of years through volcanic and seismic activity
Plate tectonics
The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates pull apart and new crust is formed, convergent where plates crash together forming mountains or one plate slides under the other, and transform where plates slide past each other causing earthquakes. The theory developed from the theories of continental drift proposing the splitting of Pangaea and seafloor spreading explaining the patterns of aging rocks in the oceans. Together these theories explained how plate motions and interactions at their boundaries shape the Earth's surface over millions of years.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses evidence that supports continental drift and plate tectonics theories. It describes how the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over time, occasionally colliding or splitting apart. Fossil, rock formation, and climate data from separated continents provided early evidence that landmasses have drifted over hundreds of millions of years. Studies of the ocean floor revealed patterns of magnetic polarity reversals and symmetrical magnetic strips that supported the hypothesis of sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with new crust forming and pushing older crust farther outward over time. Together this evidence established plate tectonics as the mechanism explaining continental movement and geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Prema
plate tectonic theory,how seafloor spread and how mountain are build,polar wandering, Hot spot, kober's geosynclinal orogen hypothesis
The earth biology
The document summarizes key aspects of the Earth's formation and structure. It describes how the Earth formed from meteorites millions of years ago. It then details the development of the moon through a collision with Mars. It also outlines the Earth's rotation, which causes day and night, and its revolution around the sun, which causes seasons. Finally, it provides an overview of the Earth's layered structure, including the inner and outer core, mantle, crust, and how tectonic plates shape the continents.
The Earth
The document provides an overview of the Earth's structure and geological processes. It describes the three main layers of the Earth - crust, mantle, and core. It explains that the crust is made up of tectonic plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. When plates collide, converge, or move alongside each other, it causes volcanic activity and earthquakes. Major landforms like mountains and ocean trenches are formed by these plate tectonic processes. The document also discusses other geological forces like erosion and weathering that shape the Earth's surface over time.
Study of plate tectonics of the earth, or plate movement,
a) Wegener’s Evidence (Continental Drift)
b) History of Plate Tectonics
c) Breakup and Appearence of Pangea
WHAT IS A PLATE?
Major continental and oceanic plates include:
Types of Earth’s Crust:
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus) is a scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere.
THE DYNAMIC EARTH:
The earth is a dynamic planet, continuously changing both externally and internally. The earth’s surface is constantly being changed by endo-genetic processes resulting in volcanism and tectonism, and exogenetic processes such as erosion and deposition. These processes have been active throughout geological history. The processes that change the surface feature are normally very slow (erosion and deposition) except some catastrophic changes that occur instantaneously as in the case of volcanism or earthquakes. The interior of the earth is also in motion. Deeper inside the earth, the liquid core probably flows at a geologically rapid rate of a few tenths of mm/s. Several hypotheses attempted to explain the dynamism of the earth.
+ Horizontal movement hypothesis
+ Continental drift, displacement hypothesis
Development of the plate tectonic theory.
Plate tectonic theory arose out of the hypothesis of continental drift proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. He suggested that the present continents once formed a single land mass that drifted apart, thus releasing the continents from the Earth's core and likening them to "icebergs" of low density granite floating on a sea of denser basalt.
Seafloor Spreading
The first evidence that the lithospheric plates did move came with the discovery of variable magnetic field direction in rocks of differing ages.
Dynamic Earth Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics 1
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912, but it was not widely accepted until the 1950s with the discovery of mid-ocean ridges and evidence of seafloor spreading. The theory of plate tectonics links continental drift and seafloor spreading and explains how the Earth's crust has evolved over time as the lithospheric plates have moved and collided.
Plate tectonics slides re
This slide show describes the theory of plate tectonics and explains how the interaction of tectonic plates changes the surface of our earth.
HPU NCS2200 Plate Tectonics Lecture 1
The document summarizes the development of theories about continental drift and plate tectonics. It describes how early geologists theorized that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, based on matching fossil and rock formations found on separate continents. While the data supported continental drift, there was no agreed upon mechanism until the discoveries of sonar mapping of the ocean floor and development of the plate tectonic theory. The plate tectonic theory proposes that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move due to convection currents in the asthenosphere caused by heat from the Earth's core.
Earth dynamics
- Early theories proposed that continents were fixed, but some scientists believed they moved. Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1912.
- Wegener's theory was that all continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, which then broke apart and drifted to their current positions. He provided geological, fossil, and climate evidence to support this.
- However, Wegener did not explain the mechanism of how continental drift occurred. It was not until the development of the plate tectonic theory in the 20th century that the physical basis for continental movement was understood.
Plates
This document discusses natural hazards caused by tectonic and climate-related events. It provides details on the internal structure of the Earth, including the crust and mantle. It then focuses on plate tectonics, explaining the three main types of plate boundaries and associated landforms. Specific examples are given for each plate boundary type. The document also addresses causes of earthquakes and their impacts, as well as types and characteristics of volcanoes.
2.3 theory of plate tectonics
The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the Earth's outer shell is broken into rigid plates that float on the asthenosphere and interact at their boundaries. The lithosphere consists of oceanic and continental crust plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle. Plates interact at divergent boundaries where new crust is created, convergent boundaries where one plate subducts under another, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other like the San Andreas Fault.
Activities Affected by Natural Objects in the Sky.pptx
The document discusses various activities that are affected by natural objects in the sky such as the sun, moon, stars, and clouds. The sun affects drying crops, work schedules, school schedules, and outdoor activities like going to the beach or park. The moon and stars influence nighttime activities like fishing, stargazing, and family movie nights as well as sleeping schedules. Clouds can impact outdoor activities like bike riding.
A_Prediction_Lesson.pptx
This document discusses using art to practice making predictions by looking at pictures and thinking about what is happening and what may happen next based on clues. Students are asked to make predictions about what is occurring and will occur next after viewing several paintings. The document then prompts predicting outcomes from short stories by having students closely examine details and use prior knowledge.
More Related Content
Similar to World Regions Chapter 1 Lesson 1 How Landforms Came to Be.ppt
Landforms on the earth
The physical environment chapter discusses the components that make up Earth's physical environment: land, air, water, and the living environment. It describes key landforms like mountains and rivers, as well as geological processes that create and modify landforms such as plate tectonics, folding, volcanism, and erosion. Weathering and erosion by forces such as water, wind, and plant growth gradually break rocks into sediment and transport material from one place to another over long periods of time, shaping the surface of the planet. Human activities and settlement patterns are also influenced by landforms and geological characteristics of different regions.
Earth&PlateTectonics_Butler_ERBmod.ppt
The document discusses plate tectonics and provides evidence that supports the theory of continental drift. It describes how the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move relative to each other. The plates interact in different ways as they move, including colliding, pulling apart, and scraping past one another, which causes geological features like mountains and volcanoes to form. It also explains Alfred Wegener's early theory of continental drift and the fossil, geological, and geographical evidence he used to support the idea that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
Plate Tectonics I
This document provides an overview of plate tectonics and the key individuals and discoveries that led to the development of the theory. It discusses Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift in the early 20th century, which was initially rejected. It then covers the discoveries of the mid-ocean ridge system and magnetic striping of the ocean floor in the 1950s-60s, which provided evidence that the continents are moving and new crust is generated at ocean ridges through seafloor spreading. This led to the acceptance of plate tectonics as a scientific theory to explain geological phenomena.
Gegraphy grade 10
The document discusses the structure of the Earth. It is made up of four main layers from outermost to innermost:
1. Crust - The solid outermost layer, thicker under continents and thinner under oceans, made of granite, basalt, or sedimentary rock.
2. Mantle - Below the crust, made of hot solid rock up to 2,900km thick.
3. Outer core - Below the mantle, very dense but liquid due to extreme heat, made of nickel and iron, 2,250km thick.
4. Inner core - Innermost layer, extremely hot but solid due to extreme pressure, made of nickel and iron, 1,200km thick.
Plate tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the structure of the Earth. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into huge plates that drift atop the mantle. It describes the three layers of the Earth - the crust, mantle, and core. It discusses how the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart due to plate tectonics. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where they move together, and transform boundaries where they slide past each other.
Tectonic plates 2
The Earth is composed of layers including the crust divided into tectonic plates that move over time. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide, and transform where they slide past each other. Plate interactions cause volcanic activity and earthquakes, most commonly at plate margins.
Chapter 8 plate tectonics
The document summarizes plate tectonics and the structure of the Earth. It describes the three main layers of the Earth - the core, mantle and crust. It then explains plate tectonics theory, how the crust is broken into plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle. It discusses evidence that supports plate tectonics including mid-ocean ridges, trenches, volcanoes and earthquakes. It also outlines the three main types of plate movements - divergent, convergent and transform - and provides examples of related geological features formed at plate boundaries.
Plate Tectonics.ppt
The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates pull apart and new crust is formed; convergent where plates crash together and can cause volcanic activity and mountain building; and transform where plates slide past each other and can cause earthquakes. The theory integrated the earlier concepts of continental drift, which proposed the slow drifting of continents, and seafloor spreading, which showed new crust was forming under the oceans. Together, these theories explained how plate tectonics shapes the Earth's surface over millions of years through volcanic and seismic activity
Plate tectonics
The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates pull apart and new crust is formed, convergent where plates crash together forming mountains or one plate slides under the other, and transform where plates slide past each other causing earthquakes. The theory developed from the theories of continental drift proposing the splitting of Pangaea and seafloor spreading explaining the patterns of aging rocks in the oceans. Together these theories explained how plate motions and interactions at their boundaries shape the Earth's surface over millions of years.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses evidence that supports continental drift and plate tectonics theories. It describes how the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over time, occasionally colliding or splitting apart. Fossil, rock formation, and climate data from separated continents provided early evidence that landmasses have drifted over hundreds of millions of years. Studies of the ocean floor revealed patterns of magnetic polarity reversals and symmetrical magnetic strips that supported the hypothesis of sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with new crust forming and pushing older crust farther outward over time. Together this evidence established plate tectonics as the mechanism explaining continental movement and geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Prema
plate tectonic theory,how seafloor spread and how mountain are build,polar wandering, Hot spot, kober's geosynclinal orogen hypothesis
The earth biology
The document summarizes key aspects of the Earth's formation and structure. It describes how the Earth formed from meteorites millions of years ago. It then details the development of the moon through a collision with Mars. It also outlines the Earth's rotation, which causes day and night, and its revolution around the sun, which causes seasons. Finally, it provides an overview of the Earth's layered structure, including the inner and outer core, mantle, crust, and how tectonic plates shape the continents.
The Earth
The document provides an overview of the Earth's structure and geological processes. It describes the three main layers of the Earth - crust, mantle, and core. It explains that the crust is made up of tectonic plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. When plates collide, converge, or move alongside each other, it causes volcanic activity and earthquakes. Major landforms like mountains and ocean trenches are formed by these plate tectonic processes. The document also discusses other geological forces like erosion and weathering that shape the Earth's surface over time.
Study of plate tectonics of the earth, or plate movement,
a) Wegener’s Evidence (Continental Drift)
b) History of Plate Tectonics
c) Breakup and Appearence of Pangea
WHAT IS A PLATE?
Major continental and oceanic plates include:
Types of Earth’s Crust:
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus) is a scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere.
THE DYNAMIC EARTH:
The earth is a dynamic planet, continuously changing both externally and internally. The earth’s surface is constantly being changed by endo-genetic processes resulting in volcanism and tectonism, and exogenetic processes such as erosion and deposition. These processes have been active throughout geological history. The processes that change the surface feature are normally very slow (erosion and deposition) except some catastrophic changes that occur instantaneously as in the case of volcanism or earthquakes. The interior of the earth is also in motion. Deeper inside the earth, the liquid core probably flows at a geologically rapid rate of a few tenths of mm/s. Several hypotheses attempted to explain the dynamism of the earth.
+ Horizontal movement hypothesis
+ Continental drift, displacement hypothesis
Development of the plate tectonic theory.
Plate tectonic theory arose out of the hypothesis of continental drift proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. He suggested that the present continents once formed a single land mass that drifted apart, thus releasing the continents from the Earth's core and likening them to "icebergs" of low density granite floating on a sea of denser basalt.
Seafloor Spreading
The first evidence that the lithospheric plates did move came with the discovery of variable magnetic field direction in rocks of differing ages.
Dynamic Earth Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics 1
This document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912, but it was not widely accepted until the 1950s with the discovery of mid-ocean ridges and evidence of seafloor spreading. The theory of plate tectonics links continental drift and seafloor spreading and explains how the Earth's crust has evolved over time as the lithospheric plates have moved and collided.
Plate tectonics slides re
This slide show describes the theory of plate tectonics and explains how the interaction of tectonic plates changes the surface of our earth.
HPU NCS2200 Plate Tectonics Lecture 1
The document summarizes the development of theories about continental drift and plate tectonics. It describes how early geologists theorized that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, based on matching fossil and rock formations found on separate continents. While the data supported continental drift, there was no agreed upon mechanism until the discoveries of sonar mapping of the ocean floor and development of the plate tectonic theory. The plate tectonic theory proposes that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move due to convection currents in the asthenosphere caused by heat from the Earth's core.
Earth dynamics
- Early theories proposed that continents were fixed, but some scientists believed they moved. Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1912.
- Wegener's theory was that all continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, which then broke apart and drifted to their current positions. He provided geological, fossil, and climate evidence to support this.
- However, Wegener did not explain the mechanism of how continental drift occurred. It was not until the development of the plate tectonic theory in the 20th century that the physical basis for continental movement was understood.
Plates
This document discusses natural hazards caused by tectonic and climate-related events. It provides details on the internal structure of the Earth, including the crust and mantle. It then focuses on plate tectonics, explaining the three main types of plate boundaries and associated landforms. Specific examples are given for each plate boundary type. The document also addresses causes of earthquakes and their impacts, as well as types and characteristics of volcanoes.
2.3 theory of plate tectonics
The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the Earth's outer shell is broken into rigid plates that float on the asthenosphere and interact at their boundaries. The lithosphere consists of oceanic and continental crust plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle. Plates interact at divergent boundaries where new crust is created, convergent boundaries where one plate subducts under another, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other like the San Andreas Fault.
Similar to World Regions Chapter 1 Lesson 1 How Landforms Came to Be.ppt (20)
Study of plate tectonics of the earth, or plate movement,
Study of plate tectonics of the earth, or plate movement,
More from NeilfieOrit2
Activities Affected by Natural Objects in the Sky.pptx
The document discusses various activities that are affected by natural objects in the sky such as the sun, moon, stars, and clouds. The sun affects drying crops, work schedules, school schedules, and outdoor activities like going to the beach or park. The moon and stars influence nighttime activities like fishing, stargazing, and family movie nights as well as sleeping schedules. Clouds can impact outdoor activities like bike riding.
A_Prediction_Lesson.pptx
This document discusses using art to practice making predictions by looking at pictures and thinking about what is happening and what may happen next based on clues. Students are asked to make predictions about what is occurring and will occur next after viewing several paintings. The document then prompts predicting outcomes from short stories by having students closely examine details and use prior knowledge.
Intro to Equations and Expressions.ppt
This document defines key terms related to expressions and equations. It explains that expressions use words like sum and number, while equations use equal signs and are written as sentences. Examples are given of expressions like x + 6 and equations like x + 6 = 10. Terms, coefficients, constants, and like terms are defined for expressions. Inverse operations are defined for solving equations. Methods are provided for translating verbal phrases and sentences into algebraic expressions and equations.
subjectverbagreement.ppt
Subject-verb agreement refers to making the subject and verb match in number. To make a noun plural, add -s. To make a verb plural, remove -s. There are also irregular verbs like "be", "have", and "do" that have unique plural forms. As a general tip, if the subject doesn't end in -s, the verb will, and if the subject does end in -s, the verb won't. Multiple subjects joined by "and" take a plural verb.
Abbreviations.pptx
Abbreviations are shortened forms of words that often use periods after the letters. Common abbreviations include days of the week like Sun. and months of the year such as Dec. Titles and names can also be abbreviated, for example Prof. for Professor and Ms. for Miss.
syllables-fun-activities-games_55019.pptx
This document discusses how to count syllables in words. A syllable is a single unit of sound within a word. Words can have different numbers of syllables, such as "tie" having one syllable and "alphabet" having three syllables. The document recommends clapping out the syllables in words to count them, such as clapping three times for "umbrella" and five times for "I like to eat cheese." Counting syllables helps determine the rhythm or "beats" in words.
13534.ppt
This document defines and explains the key terms used to describe the different parts of a circle:
- The circumference is the distance around the outside of the circle. The diameter is the distance from one side to the other passing through the center.
- The radius is the line connecting the center of the circle to the circumference. A chord is a line touching the circumference at two points.
- A sector is the part of a circle between two radii. An arc is the part of the circumference at the edge of a sector. A segment is the part between a chord and an arc.
- A tangent is a straight line touching the circle at just one point. The document includes diagrams labeling these different parts
Natural Objects in the Sky.pptx
Daytime objects in the sky include the sun, which Earth revolves around, clouds which are important for weather, and rainbows which are formed when sunlight hits raindrops and splits into colors. Nighttime objects are the moon, which orbits Earth, stars which are bright balls of gas that give their own light, and planets.
Musical Form.pptx
Musical form refers to the structure or organization of a musical composition. There are several common forms, including binary form consisting of two contrasting sections (AB), ternary form with three sections (ABA) where the first and third sections are the same, and rondo form with a recurring theme or refrain alternating with different episodes (ABACA). The form helps composers organize their pieces and involves different melodic phrases, sections, and the repetition or contrast of musical ideas.
arithmetic sequences explicit.ppt
The document provides information about arithmetic sequences including defining the first term (a), common difference (d), and the explicit formula to find any term (an) in an arithmetic sequence. It gives examples of finding specific terms and writing recursive and explicit rules for arithmetic sequences.
syllables-fun-activities-games_55019.pptx
This document discusses how to count syllables in words. A syllable is a single unit of sound within a word. Words can have different numbers of syllables, such as "tie" having one syllable and "alphabet" having three syllables. The document recommends clapping out the syllables in words to count them, such as clapping three times for "umbrella" and five times for "I like to eat cheese." Counting syllables is done by hearing the separate sounds or "beats" in each word, rather than individual letters or sounds.
Euphemism.pptx
Euphemism is a polite expression used in place of a rude, harsh, or embarrassing statement to avoid offending or humiliating someone. Euphemisms are made up of three Greek morphemes meaning "good voice act/result" and are used to soften expressions like "died" to "passed away" or describe someone as attending "remedial classes" rather than being "corrective". Common euphemisms include replacing "garbage man" with "sanitation engineer", calling the elderly "senior citizens" rather than "old people", and referring to pregnancy as being "in the family way".
Congruent Figures.pptx
Two figures are congruent when they have the same size and shape. Two triangles are congruent when their corresponding angles and sides are equal in measure. The document provides examples of identifying congruent triangles by showing that their corresponding angles and sides are equal.
Safety Measures for Different Weather Conditions.pptx
On sunny days, people are at risk of headaches, sunburn, dehydration, and heatstroke. To stay safe in the heat, one should apply sunscreen, stay in the shade, wear sunglasses or a hat, drink plenty of water, and wipe sweat off the body. During rainy weather, people may get coughs or colds, so it's important to wear boots, sweaters, jackets, and use an umbrella, and eat warm food.
Becoming Compassionate.pptx
This document discusses how to become compassionate by showing empathy and helping those who are suffering through acts of mercy, such as feeding the hungry, sheltering the homeless, and visiting the sick. It encourages showing compassion when encountering victims of calamity by giving comfort and aid. Several examples are provided of compassionate acts like donating to charities, volunteering, and caring for family members.
force, motion, and energy.pptx
Force can cause changes in the motion, shape, and size of objects. It can make stationary objects begin moving, slow or accelerate moving objects, and change the direction of moving objects. Friction is a type of force that occurs when two surfaces rub against each other. Applying more force to an object generally causes greater changes, such as compressing an object more if a stronger force is exerted.
Nets of Solid Figures.pptx
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
affixes-clt-communicative-language-teaching-resources-read_49190.ppt
This document discusses affixes, including prefixes and suffixes. It provides examples of common prefixes like anti-, de-, dis-, en-, and in- and their meanings. Some common suffixes are -able, -al, -ed, -en, -er, -est, -ful, -ic, -ing, -(t)ion, -(i)ty, -(t)ive, and -ly. Affixes are added to root words to modify or change their meaning. Knowing common prefixes and suffixes can help the reader understand new words and sounds more educated.
assonance_and_consonance_01.pptx
This document defines and provides examples of consonance, assonance, and alliteration. Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds anywhere in a word. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds anywhere in a word. Alliteration is the repetition of any sounds at the beginning of words. The document compares and contrasts these three literary devices used to repeat sounds in language.
Geometry, Patterns, and Algebra.pptx
Polygons are plane figures formed by three or more line segments called sides that meet at points called vertices. A regular polygon has all interior angles that are congruent, while an irregular polygon does not have congruent interior angles. Regular polygons include triangles, squares, pentagons and other figures with five or more sides where all interior angles are equal.
More from NeilfieOrit2 (20)
Activities Affected by Natural Objects in the Sky.pptx
Activities Affected by Natural Objects in the Sky.pptx
Safety Measures for Different Weather Conditions.pptx
Safety Measures for Different Weather Conditions.pptx
affixes-clt-communicative-language-teaching-resources-read_49190.ppt
affixes-clt-communicative-language-teaching-resources-read_49190.ppt
Recently uploaded
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Recently uploaded (20)
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
World Regions Chapter 1 Lesson 1 How Landforms Came to Be.ppt
- 1. Chapter 10 - Lesson 1 Earth’s Landforms How Landforms Came to Be
- 2. How Landforms Came to Be • Earth is mostly covered in water • There are landforms on the remaining parts of the Earth • Landforms are natural features on the Earth’s surface • Examples: mountains, hills, plains
- 3. How Landforms Came to Be • Earth’s landforms and continents were formed through the theory of plate tectonics • Plate tectonics says that the Earth is made up of several large, slow moving slabs or plates • The continents and ocean floors form the tops of the plates which move and carry the continents and ocean floors with them
- 4. How Landforms Came to Be • 13 Major Tectonic Plates of the World
- 5. How Landforms Came to Be • Scientists believe that long ago the Earth’s landmasses made up one giant super continent called Pangaea
- 6. How Landforms Came to Be
- 7. How Landforms Came to Be • Scientists believe that forces inside the Earth caused Pangaea to break apart • Continental drift is a theory that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface. • Set forth in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist, continental drift also explained why look-alike animal and plant fossils, and similar rock formations, are found on different continents.
- 8. How Landforms Came to Be Alfred Wegener
- 9. How Landforms Came to Be
- 10. • Who came up with the theory of Continental Drift? What brought him to the conclusion of a super continent?
- 11. How Landforms Came to Be • Earth is made up of layers similar to an apple • Earth has a crust, mantle, core just as an apple has skin, meat, and a core • Earth’s crust is 10 to 25 miles thick • Earth’s mantle lies just below the crust and is 1,800 miles thick • The mantle is made of hot, rocklike materials • Earth’s center or core is very hot, temperatures can be 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit • The core is broken into two parts the inner core and the outer core • The inner core is solid and the outer core is molten or melted rock
- 12. How Landforms Came to Be • The liquid outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements • Recent studies suggests that the innermost part of the core is enriched in gold and platinum while also containing nickel and primarily iron • Extreme heat from the core causes the mantle to create pressure on the crust, forcing the crust in some places to rise • As the crust rises it pushes large blocks or rock upwards and forms mountains or plateaus • A portion of the Rocky Mountains formed this way
- 13. How Landforms Came to Be • Mg – Magnesium, Fe – Iron, Al – Aluminum, Si – Silicate, O – Oxygen, Ni – Nickel, Au – Gold, Pt - Platinum
- 14. How Landforms Came to Be
- 15. How Landforms Came to Be • Mountains can also be formed when one plate over another plate • The Earth’s plates are constantly moving even today • The movement of plates sometimes shakes the Earth’s surface causing an earthquake • Earthquakes are common around faults • Fault – is a break in the Earth’s crust where movement occurs between the plates
- 16. How Landforms Came to Be • The San Andreas Fault in California is one of the most well known faults in the world • Most faults are not visible, but the San Andreas Fault is visible
- 17. How Landforms Came to Be • The 1906 Earthquake in San Francisco, California was caused by the movement of the plates that meet at the San Andreas Fault • The San Andreas Fault shifted 21 ft
- 18. • What are the 4 layers of the Earth called and what do they consist of?