The document discusses the global spread and use of the English language. It describes Krachu's three concentric circles model which divides the world into an inner circle of countries where English is the primary language, an outer circle where it is widely used as a secondary language, and an expanding circle where it is used primarily for international communication. It then covers topics like the relationship between globalization and the spread of English, how the role and nature of English has changed from modernity to post-modernity, and how demography and population shifts are influencing the use of English worldwide.

1. World
Englishes
Introduction
From Modernity to Post
Modernity
Demography
Alia Ali

3. The Expanding Circle
China, Egypt,
Indonesia,
Israel, Japan, Korea,
Nepal, Saudi Arabia,
Taiwan, Russia,
Zimbabwe, South
Africa,
Caribbean Islands
(EFL)
The Outer Circle
Bangladesh, India
Ghana, Kenya,
Nigeria, Malaysia,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Tanzania, Zambia
(ESL)
The Inner
Circle
USA
UK
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
Krachu’s Three Concentric Circles

4.  The global spread of English language is
not only on linguistic based but it helps to
furnish in studies, economics and politics
issues
 The growth of China would have an
impact on learning English where it was
used to be learnt
 Countries like India in which English is
used as second language can play a major
role in development of global English
 Relationship b/w and globalization was
complex one but economically support
helps English in its extension

5. From Modernity To Post
Modernity

8. Modernity spread from Europe across the world
 Renaissance and development can charted
through centuries
 Globalization started in 15th century with the
development of capitalist economies, nation
states and languages
 Before 18 century there was no concept of
foreign of language as we have today
 In 19th century languages in Europe became
modern, standardized and helped to unify the
national identity

9.  Scholars were well aware the potential
impact of new technologies such as the
electric telegraph on social, political and
economic life

10. Modern Post modern
 Faith in science
 Change is expected
 Nation states
provides bases for
identity
 NL, standardized lang
serve multiple
communicative
purpose
 nation strives to
become monolingual:
RL marginalized
 Newtonian physics as
dominant view of
nature
 Identify is more
complex
 ML becomes a norm
 Society and families
are more fragmented

11.  The new model of English was introduced
 English was no more same as it was in
recognition and hegemonic power of
English lang native speakers

12. Linguistic
postmodernity

13.  Modernity was introduced in Europe was
invented
 Standard approaches for teaching English
were being used
 New forms of multilingualism
 The growth of multilingualism in Europe
 English factor in business process
outsourcing BPO the rise of urban
middleclass around world
 Internet, communication, technology
 Post modernity may be threat for those
who invest more in modern era

14.  Industrial revaluation
 A new world of other languages
 key terms
 Growth of languages on internet
 Rising competition
 The doom of monolinguals
 The end of English as foreign language
 Retraining needed for English specialist
 Asia may determine the future of Global
English

15. Demography
Who lives where-= have been along scientist and
technological process

16.  Demographic change is one of the most
important factors affecting languages and
to a much greater extend than other key
trends affecting English
 global population
 People movement
 Demography trends
 Changing age structure

19.  S-shaped graph is familiar to anyone
analyzing social change or the spread of
innovation
 New mobile phone users
 Sound change through the lexicon in a
rural English dialect

21.  Who live where?
 What kind of work will they be doing?
 What are the basic needs?
 What kind of work they are doing?

24.  People movement
 Migrant worker
 Tourist
 Business
 International students

25. English as linga franca

26.  As population rise in developed countries
rise, the demographic balance between
languages is changing
 Three quarters of all travel is between
non-English speaking countries, this
suggested that large demand for either
foreign language learning or the
increasing use of English as lingua franca

27. ThankYou