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World Englishes
The document discusses the global spread and use of the English language. It describes Krachu's three concentric circles model which divides the world into an inner circle of countries where English is the primary language, an outer circle where it is widely used as a secondary language, and an expanding circle where it is used primarily for international communication. It then covers topics like the relationship between globalization and the spread of English, how the role and nature of English has changed from modernity to post-modernity, and how demography and population shifts are influencing the use of English worldwide.
World Englishes
- 1. World Englishes Introduction From Modernity toPost Modernity Demography Alia Ali
- 3. The Expanding Circle China,Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Russia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Caribbean Islands (EFL) The Outer Circle Bangladesh, India Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Zambia (ESL) The Inner Circle USA UK Canada Australia New Zealand Krachu’s Three Concentric Circles
- 4. The globalspread of English language is not only on linguistic based but it helps to furnish in studies, economics and politics issues The growth of China would have an impact on learning English where it was used to be learnt Countries like India in which English is used as second language can play a major role in development of global English Relationship b/w and globalization was complex one but economically support helps English in its extension
- 5. From Modernity ToPost Modernity
- 8. Modernity spread fromEurope across the world Renaissance and development can charted through centuries Globalization started in 15th century with the development of capitalist economies, nation states and languages Before 18 century there was no concept of foreign of language as we have today In 19th century languages in Europe became modern, standardized and helped to unify the national identity
- 9. Scholars werewell aware the potential impact of new technologies such as the electric telegraph on social, political and economic life
- 10. Modern Post modern Faith in science Change is expected Nation states provides bases for identity NL, standardized lang serve multiple communicative purpose nation strives to become monolingual: RL marginalized Newtonian physics as dominant view of nature Identify is more complex ML becomes a norm Society and families are more fragmented
- 11. The newmodel of English was introduced English was no more same as it was in recognition and hegemonic power of English lang native speakers
- 12.
- 13. Modernity wasintroduced in Europe was invented Standard approaches for teaching English were being used New forms of multilingualism The growth of multilingualism in Europe English factor in business process outsourcing BPO the rise of urban middleclass around world Internet, communication, technology Post modernity may be threat for those who invest more in modern era
- 14. Industrial revaluation A new world of other languages key terms Growth of languages on internet Rising competition The doom of monolinguals The end of English as foreign language Retraining needed for English specialist Asia may determine the future of Global English
- 15. Demography Who lives where-=have been along scientist and technological process
- 16. Demographic changeis one of the most important factors affecting languages and to a much greater extend than other key trends affecting English global population People movement Demography trends Changing age structure
- 19. S-shaped graphis familiar to anyone analyzing social change or the spread of innovation New mobile phone users Sound change through the lexicon in a rural English dialect
- 21. Who livewhere? What kind of work will they be doing? What are the basic needs? What kind of work they are doing?
- 24. People movement Migrant worker Tourist Business International students
- 25. English as lingafranca
- 26. As populationrise in developed countries rise, the demographic balance between languages is changing Three quarters of all travel is between non-English speaking countries, this suggested that large demand for either foreign language learning or the increasing use of English as lingua franca
- 27.