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Workshop Business Value Engineering Mar 2010

The document provides definitions and context around business value engineering. It discusses business value engineering as a learning and incremental improvement approach focused on delivering more value to customers. The document then summarizes different approaches to business value engineering, comparing the more traditional Procter & Gamble approach of extensive customer research and marketing to the experimental approach used by Google of quickly prototyping and testing ideas.

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WORKSHOP BUSINESS VALUE ENGINEERING Orlando, March 9, 2010 © Joseph Little 2009 1 Definitions BV Engineering is... the values, principles and practices that enable us to deliver more and more Business Value [from a given team] as we improve. a learning and incremental improvement approach to giving customers more of what they really want, looking at the whole process, end-to-end. a framework for getting better. CSM v9.3 © Jeff Sutherland 1993-2008 2
Attributions Some people who directly or indirectly contributed: Peter Drucker, Takeuchi & Nonaka, Jim York, Chris Matts, Kent McDonald, Womack & Jones, Jeff Sutherland, Kent Beck, Mary & Tom Poppendieck, Taiichi Ohno, Ken Schwaber, some friends at “a large financial institution in Virginia”, and many others. CSM v9.3 © Jeff Sutherland 1993-2008 3 Joe Little, CST & MBA Agile Coach & Trainer 20+ years in senior level consulting to well-known firms in New York, London and Charlotte Focus on delivery of Business Value CST, CSP, CSM Was Senior Manager in Big 6 consulting Head of Kitty Hawk Consulting, Inc. since 1991 Head of LeanAgileTraining.com Started trying to do [Agile] before reading The Mythical Man-Month – http://agileconsortium.blogspot.com – jhlittle@kittyhawkconsulting.com © Joseph Little 2009 4
A Start “You’ve got to be very careful if you don’t know where you’re going, because you might not get there.” Yogi Berra “Some people, if they don’t already know it, you can’t explain it to them.” Yogi Berra © Joseph Little 2009 5 6 Blind men and an elephant © Joseph Little 2009 6
My main stance “I’m mad as hell and I’m not going to take it anymore.” (movie quote) “The biggest thing to fix is how we do BV Engineering.” © Joseph Little 2009 7 What are the numbers for your team? Cost per year NPV delivered per year Derive: “The multiple” © Joseph Little 2009 8
Let’s do the math... Assume team costs $1,000,000 per year Assume normal multiple is 3x (ie, delivers $3,000,000 in BV) Assume the “real work” itself does NOT get any faster © Joseph Little 2009 9 Could a better Product Owner make a difference? We make the stories 20% better We use Pareto’s “85-33” rule to get more done in less time We identify more high value epics We motivate the team, so that they are more productive We assure that we actually hit the mark, rather than just say that we did What’s that worth? 3X more BV? © Joseph Little 2009 10
One version.... Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Cost of Team $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 Orig Value Delivered per Year $3,000,000 $3,000,000 $3,000,000 NPV $7,460,556 ID Better Stories (+20%) $3,600,000 Deliver Top 33% (85% of BV) $3,060,000 Deliver Top 33% again $3,060,000 Deliver Top 33% again $3,060,000 TOTAL FIRST YEAR $9,180,000 $9,180,000 $9,180,000 Better NPV $22,829,301 Better/Original 3.1 © Joseph Little 2009 11 Now let’s change subjects... To think practically, let’s use this framework... © Joseph Little 2009 12
© Joseph Little 2009 13 Scrum is a Simple Framework Product Backlog Scrum Product Owner Sprint Backlog Artifacts Roles ScrumMaster Burndown Chart Team Imped Meetings List Sprint Daily Sprint Retro- Planning Scrum Review spective © Joseph Little 2009 14
Toyota Way: Learn by Doing Fujio Cho, Board Chairman • We place the highest value on actual implementation and taking action. Agile Principle #1 • There are many things one doesn’t understand, and therefore we ask them why don’t you just go ahead and take action; try to do something? Agile Principle #3, #11 • You realize how little you know and you face your own failures and redo it again and at the second trial you realize another mistake … so you can redo it once again. Agile Principle #11, #12 • So by constant improvement … one can rise to the higher level of practice and knowledge. Agile Principle #3 "Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new." Albert Einstein © Joseph Little 2009 15 What the Product Owner does BV Engineering Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) Content © Joseph Little 2008
Some problems We set up the telephone game Customers are not consistent The needs of the customers and of the firm are sometimes in contradiction (or at least somewhat antagonistic) It is difficult to accurately measure success © Joseph Little 2009 17 Some more problems La donne e mobile The customer is always changing his mind & who the customers are is always changing Stuff is happening out there Everything in the environment, both for the customers and for us, is changing Wow, this technology stuff is always changing A brilliant product today is yesterday’s news tomorrow “I know it when I see it” The customers can’t tell you what they want “What we’ve got here is a failure to communicate” It is impossible to accurately convey what you want © Joseph Little 2009 18
The other big problem Thinking in the sky Useful thoughts In theory there is no difference between theory & practice. In practice, there is. (Yogi Berra) To know and not to do is not to know. (A martial arts master) © Joseph Little 2009 19 Is it better this way? Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) Content © Joseph Little 2008
Some axioms 1. A “technical success” is no success at all 2. The most important thing is satisfying the customer; making money is only a constraint 3. You win by learning faster than the next firm 4. You win with small “scientific” experiments; frequent and fast 5. The numbers never get precise, but that does not mean ‘use no numbers’ 6. Numbers can be useful, but that does not mean ‘human judgment is no longer needed’ 7. There is no one best approach to BV engineering © Joseph Little 2009 21 Two opposite approaches Proctor & Gamble: A ‘traditional’ but highly disciplined approach. “What does the customer want?” “How do we advertise our product?” Google: A new (or old?) approach. Let’s try something, and see if they like it. If so, then we’ll build on it. © Joseph Little 2009 22
Proctor & Gamble Full marketing program Focus groups, customer interviews, observation, customer segmentation (& lots of other tools) Financial (& other numeric) forecasts Multiple experiments, high rigor Advertising © Joseph Little 2009 23 Google Let employees create what they want Get a prototype out there “in the real world” See who bites Develop product incrementally based on customer input Monetize later (after we have a real product that a bunch of people really want) Get more “at bats” © Joseph Little 2009 24
Hallmarks of real BV Engineering! 1. The process is visible and articulated & improved 2. Failures in BV communication are identified and corrected frequently, quickly 3. There is a theory, and a concerted attempt to prove out the theory 4. There is appropriate dynamism and change 5. Business & Technology are partners 6. Success is forecast and also measured after the fact 7. Human judgment is involved (it’s not just the numbers) © Joseph Little 2009 25 The BV process is visible and articulated Do you understand your’s, end-to-end? Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) © Joseph Little 2009 26
IMPORTANT End to end to end to end © Joseph Little 2009 27 The process is always being improved Is your process always being improved? Does everyone know that? What is the approach to improvement? Small example: Which stakeholders are involved? Do we have the right ones? Are we making the most use of them? Are we overweighted in compliance, legal, regulatory input? How good is our process of engaging them, and getting the most with the least effort? Are we creating knowledge just-in-time? © Joseph Little 2009 28
Where do you check for communication failures? And are there other points or methods? © Joseph Little 2009 29 A theory, that is being proved out Is the theory stated as such, or is it assumed to be right? How it is being proved out? What happens when (not if) it is (somewhat) wrong? © Joseph Little 2009 30
Dynamism and change The appropriate amount of dynamism and change will vary by situation. In general, my experience is that we are adapting too slowly. © Joseph Little 2009 31 Business & Technology are partners In fact, there is minimal distinction. Anyone can help a partner learn. Can question. Can propose Remember: There is no technical success The Technologists often know more about the customers than you’d think Should we talk about the failure modes here? Everyone on the Team understands what real success would be © Joseph Little 2009 32
Success is measured 1 to 3 key “end” metrics. Identified. Forecast. Then the real results are obtained. Perhaps not perfectly, but reasonably And learned from. (Was the product wrong? Was the theory wrong?) And communicated back to the Team © Joseph Little 2009 33 Human judgment Yes, stuff often happens that makes one question whether the “scientific” experiment was fair Yes, one can still have a hunch that the product will succeed later (if not now) So, metrics do not absolve managers from tough human judgment about the actuals and other information they get back © Joseph Little 2009 34
The unbearable lightness of metrics We use metrics (about the past) to take forward-looking action Metrics help us see how bad we were at predicting the future Metrics help us learn (perhaps first, by helping us see how much we don’t know) © Joseph Little 2009 35 Multiple Steps are important Some firms focus too much on one or two steps (eg, initial focus group, user story creation, the PO review of completed stories, the product launch) It is not one play; it is the culmination of plays that wins the game Examples: Understand the customer better and spend more time to assure that the Team understands the customer’s problem better and better © Joseph Little 2009 36
It is not one play... Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) © Joseph Little 2009 37 Elements of BV Engineering 1 1. PO Team 2. Product Backlog 3. PB prioritized by BV 4. Priority Poker 5. Story Points (proxy for cost, for cost-benefit analysis) 6. Minimum Marketable Feature Set 7. Reprioritize before each Sprint 8. Increase velocity (remove impediments) © Joseph Little 2009 38
Elements of BV Engineering 2 1. Making the stories smaller 2. Value Stream mapping 3. Kano Analysis 4. Voice of the Customer 5. Having the team live with the customers 6. Pareto chart (eg, of causes of customer problems) 7. Process charts or high level use cases 8. Other Lean, Six Sigma, or TQM tools © Joseph Little 2009 39 Elements of BV Engineering 3 1. Understanding the importance of minimizing technical debt 2. Agile portfolio management 3. What quality means to the customer and why it is ‘free’ 4. Just-in-time knowledge creation 5. Modifying the BV model frequently (& the values in the model) 6. Removing impediments 7. Comparing our BV Engineering to theirs We’re different; what does it mean? © Joseph Little 2009 40
Elements of BV Engineering 4 1. Identifying better sources for good user stories (eg, observation, “living with”, experts, user interaction, “prototypes”, etc) 2. Identifying good user stories 3. Fleshing out good user stories with an Agile specification 4. Improving the monetization of User Stories (or themes) 5. Improving the conversations around the user stories 6. Getting better feedback faster © Joseph Little 2009 41 Some metrics I like 1. NPV (net present value) 2. ROI (return on investment) 3. Faster end-to-end cycle time 4. Increased sales 5. Increased market share 6. More eyeballs (on a webpage) 7. Improved eyeball demographics 8. Reduced costs © Joseph Little 2009 42
More metrics I like 1. Reduced risk (although I prefer if this is made more concrete by being monetized...see underwriting) 2. Net promoter score 3. Any specific metric showing higher customer satisfaction 4. Others?? © Joseph Little 2009 43 Lies, damn lies & statistics It is not having numbers... It is making good use of numbers (that are reasonably accurate) © Joseph Little 2009 44
Start Exercise #1 © Joseph Little 2009 45 Real Situation It must be a real situation....at least to the “Product Owner” of the group. All others help PO describe his/her situation. © Joseph Little 2009 46
What is BV? Opinion: Defined by people Which means: There are many many opinions. Which means what? Involves customers, stakeholders, even workers No one right answer for all situations © Joseph Little 2009 47 Exercise 1: As a team, you will have 5 mins. Pick a PO and a specific situation. Define BV in words for all those who must use it. In the context of a specific situation. Define the basics of your BV Model. “If x and y and z, then over 3 years we will make $3 million from this software.” x, y, z are more variables (assumptions) in an equation. © Joseph Little 2009 48
Hints Decide the PO quickly. Get a real situation. Minimal abstract discussion; mostly concrete specific discussion. Argue some (that’s where you learn). When you come to a fork in the road, take it. (ie, the PO has to decide when to “decide & move on”) The SM is responsible for getting every one involved, but some not too involved The SM is reponsible for “team mojo” © Joseph Little 2009 49 Debrief In a sentence, not repeating what someone else said, what was the (next) biggest thing you learned? Biggest = most useful ?? © Joseph Little 2009 50
Exercise 2. Map out one specific BV Engineering process. At your table, led by one PO. Timebox: 45 mins. Required output (see later). © Joseph Little 2009 51 Situation A real, specific situation. Other tables mates act as consultants. Mapping only; not fixing. Current state, not future state. © Joseph Little 2009 52
In describing the BV Process Do it for a specific situation: a group or one team. 8-16 steps (not more, not a lot fewer) Can include “project portfolio” management Do you have a PDCA cycle? Who is involved? Where? How long does it take? (Or, how many cycles to “get the whole thing done”? Or is that a meaningful concept?) It can be similar to a Value Stream Map, but is it then a PDCA cycle? © Joseph Little 2009 53 The BV Model Improve the BV model and tease out its underlying theories and assumptions f(a,b,c) = $X What is the function? (addition, multiplication, etc, etc) How many variables? 3, 5, 8? What are the best assumptions about “best” values for the variables? © Joseph Little 2009 54
Some theories A theory is a stated or unstated way of looking at the world. The following 3 pages is a list of theories I see people use. Not complete; just there to stimulate your thinking. Some I agree with strongly; some I disagree with strongly. (Some are stated in possibly a sarcastic way.) The point is to enable you to discover your firm’s underlying (implicit or explicit) theories. © Joseph Little 2009 55 Theories (examples) - 1 The customer won’t change her mind in X months. The customer knows what he wants. The customer can explain clearly what they want. The customer knows it when they see it. The customer does not want software, just a solution to her problem. The Sales guys are the best ones to explain what the customer wants. © Joseph Little 2009 56
Theories (examples) - 2 No one in our firm could possibly learn about BV by using metrics. Numbers are too hard to collect, so it is better to ignore any potential benefit from them. It’s really good to use documentation to convey “requirements”, since we get to lose all the Tacit knowledge. The telephone game is useful in conveying requirements. It is too risky to ask the customers for feedback; it might be bad. You have to be very careful if you don’t know where you’re going, because you might not get there. © Joseph Little 2009 57 Theories (examples) - 3 What the customer wants and what the shareholders want are always aligned. All projects are equally valuable. We already put things in priority order, so trying to get more like the 80-20 rule is a waste. It would be wrong to tell the Team the expected NPV of the effort; they might .... Getting feedback on how bad the upfront NPV estimates are could never help us learn ...[x] IT is just a cost center, so projects should only be cancelled if the team is bad. © Joseph Little 2009 58
Theories (examples) - 4 There is only one kind of user: “the user”. There is no distinction between the user and the buyer. The functionality needed by customer set 1 is never in conflict with the needs of customer set 2. “End-to-end” starts when we get the business requirements document, and ends when we hand-off the SW to the final test group. We should never let the coder talk to the end user. Coders don’t need to know “bus value”. © Joseph Little 2009 59 Theories (examples) - 5 A bad [X] from team [Y], is not my problem. However bad, it could not have been better. I should just do what I am told. Then things will turn out for the best in this best of all possible worlds. [Apologies to Voltaire.] There are no cost-benefit trade-offs in our work. And anyway, IT’s costs, always fully understood up-front, have nothing to do with delivering business value. © Joseph Little 2009 60
A note on sarcasm I have made every mistake, so I can be sarcastic about myself. Sarcasm is the acid that frees us from our box. Maybe a bit painful, but useful. Even in being painful, one is compassionate. © Joseph Little 2009 61 Feedback loops Describe the timeboxes used in your BV Engineering Describe the feedback loops, and where new learning is used to get better. © Joseph Little 2009 62
Required Output A “map” (picture) of some sort Ideally end-to-end (whatever that means) Show the process (at a high/medium level) Describe the BV Model (better) Describe the underlying theories Describe the timeboxes and feedback loops (either in the picture or in writing) © Joseph Little 2009 63 Hints 1 Think outside the Scrum “box” (or the box you have put Scrum in) Just describe, don’t fix. PO rules; just enough info for the PO to understand. Both PO and SM have a role in keeping the team from getting stuck. Do “the best we can” in this timebox. If you don’t know, guess for now. (And check later.) © Joseph Little 2009 64
Hints 2 “Could we do a VS map?” Yes, and where is the PDCA cycle? It can include only one (Scrum) team or multiple teams. For here, KISS is probably a good idea. But you can use this basic framework as a start for complex situations. “Things should be as simple as possible, but not simpler.” For here: one product is enough. You won’t be able to keep yourself from fixing, just not too much. © Joseph Little 2009 65 Hints 3 Do something in all 4 areas: Map BV Model Theories Timeboxes/feedback loops Don’t get stuck too much in one area. © Joseph Little 2009 66
Debrief In a sentence, not repeating what someone else said, what was the (next) biggest thing you learned? You can “show” results. Biggest = most useful ?? © Joseph Little 2009 67 The End For now.... © Joseph Little 2009 68
Retrospective What do you remember? What will you act on tomorrow? What thing(s) will you do to improve your BV Engineering? © Joseph Little 2009 69

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Workshop Business Value Engineering Mar 2010

  • 1.
    WORKSHOP BUSINESS VALUE ENGINEERING Orlando, March 9, 2010 © Joseph Little 2009 1 Definitions BV Engineering is... the values, principles and practices that enable us to deliver more and more Business Value [from a given team] as we improve. a learning and incremental improvement approach to giving customers more of what they really want, looking at the whole process, end-to-end. a framework for getting better. CSM v9.3 © Jeff Sutherland 1993-2008 2
  • 2.
    Attributions Some people who directly or indirectly contributed: Peter Drucker, Takeuchi & Nonaka, Jim York, Chris Matts, Kent McDonald, Womack & Jones, Jeff Sutherland, Kent Beck, Mary & Tom Poppendieck, Taiichi Ohno, Ken Schwaber, some friends at “a large financial institution in Virginia”, and many others. CSM v9.3 © Jeff Sutherland 1993-2008 3 Joe Little, CST & MBA Agile Coach & Trainer 20+ years in senior level consulting to well-known firms in New York, London and Charlotte Focus on delivery of Business Value CST, CSP, CSM Was Senior Manager in Big 6 consulting Head of Kitty Hawk Consulting, Inc. since 1991 Head of LeanAgileTraining.com Started trying to do [Agile] before reading The Mythical Man-Month – http://agileconsortium.blogspot.com – jhlittle@kittyhawkconsulting.com © Joseph Little 2009 4
  • 3.
    A Start “You’vegot to be very careful if you don’t know where you’re going, because you might not get there.” Yogi Berra “Some people, if they don’t already know it, you can’t explain it to them.” Yogi Berra © Joseph Little 2009 5 6 Blind men and an elephant © Joseph Little 2009 6
  • 4.
    My main stance “I’m mad as hell and I’m not going to take it anymore.” (movie quote) “The biggest thing to fix is how we do BV Engineering.” © Joseph Little 2009 7 What are the numbers for your team? Cost per year NPV delivered per year Derive: “The multiple” © Joseph Little 2009 8
  • 5.
    Let’s do themath... Assume team costs $1,000,000 per year Assume normal multiple is 3x (ie, delivers $3,000,000 in BV) Assume the “real work” itself does NOT get any faster © Joseph Little 2009 9 Could a better Product Owner make a difference? We make the stories 20% better We use Pareto’s “85-33” rule to get more done in less time We identify more high value epics We motivate the team, so that they are more productive We assure that we actually hit the mark, rather than just say that we did What’s that worth? 3X more BV? © Joseph Little 2009 10
  • 6.
    One version.... Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Cost of Team $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 Orig Value Delivered per Year $3,000,000 $3,000,000 $3,000,000 NPV $7,460,556 ID Better Stories (+20%) $3,600,000 Deliver Top 33% (85% of BV) $3,060,000 Deliver Top 33% again $3,060,000 Deliver Top 33% again $3,060,000 TOTAL FIRST YEAR $9,180,000 $9,180,000 $9,180,000 Better NPV $22,829,301 Better/Original 3.1 © Joseph Little 2009 11 Now let’s change subjects... To think practically, let’s use this framework... © Joseph Little 2009 12
  • 7.
    © Joseph Little2009 13 Scrum is a Simple Framework Product Backlog Scrum Product Owner Sprint Backlog Artifacts Roles ScrumMaster Burndown Chart Team Imped Meetings List Sprint Daily Sprint Retro- Planning Scrum Review spective © Joseph Little 2009 14
  • 8.
    Toyota Way: Learnby Doing Fujio Cho, Board Chairman • We place the highest value on actual implementation and taking action. Agile Principle #1 • There are many things one doesn’t understand, and therefore we ask them why don’t you just go ahead and take action; try to do something? Agile Principle #3, #11 • You realize how little you know and you face your own failures and redo it again and at the second trial you realize another mistake … so you can redo it once again. Agile Principle #11, #12 • So by constant improvement … one can rise to the higher level of practice and knowledge. Agile Principle #3 "Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new." Albert Einstein © Joseph Little 2009 15 What the Product Owner does BV Engineering Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) Content © Joseph Little 2008
  • 9.
    Some problems Weset up the telephone game Customers are not consistent The needs of the customers and of the firm are sometimes in contradiction (or at least somewhat antagonistic) It is difficult to accurately measure success © Joseph Little 2009 17 Some more problems La donne e mobile The customer is always changing his mind & who the customers are is always changing Stuff is happening out there Everything in the environment, both for the customers and for us, is changing Wow, this technology stuff is always changing A brilliant product today is yesterday’s news tomorrow “I know it when I see it” The customers can’t tell you what they want “What we’ve got here is a failure to communicate” It is impossible to accurately convey what you want © Joseph Little 2009 18
  • 10.
    The other bigproblem Thinking in the sky Useful thoughts In theory there is no difference between theory & practice. In practice, there is. (Yogi Berra) To know and not to do is not to know. (A martial arts master) © Joseph Little 2009 19 Is it better this way? Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) Content © Joseph Little 2008
  • 11.
    Some axioms 1. A“technical success” is no success at all 2. The most important thing is satisfying the customer; making money is only a constraint 3. You win by learning faster than the next firm 4. You win with small “scientific” experiments; frequent and fast 5. The numbers never get precise, but that does not mean ‘use no numbers’ 6. Numbers can be useful, but that does not mean ‘human judgment is no longer needed’ 7. There is no one best approach to BV engineering © Joseph Little 2009 21 Two opposite approaches Proctor & Gamble: A ‘traditional’ but highly disciplined approach. “What does the customer want?” “How do we advertise our product?” Google: A new (or old?) approach. Let’s try something, and see if they like it. If so, then we’ll build on it. © Joseph Little 2009 22
  • 12.
    Proctor & Gamble Full marketing program Focus groups, customer interviews, observation, customer segmentation (& lots of other tools) Financial (& other numeric) forecasts Multiple experiments, high rigor Advertising © Joseph Little 2009 23 Google Let employees create what they want Get a prototype out there “in the real world” See who bites Develop product incrementally based on customer input Monetize later (after we have a real product that a bunch of people really want) Get more “at bats” © Joseph Little 2009 24
  • 13.
    Hallmarks of realBV Engineering! 1. The process is visible and articulated & improved 2. Failures in BV communication are identified and corrected frequently, quickly 3. There is a theory, and a concerted attempt to prove out the theory 4. There is appropriate dynamism and change 5. Business & Technology are partners 6. Success is forecast and also measured after the fact 7. Human judgment is involved (it’s not just the numbers) © Joseph Little 2009 25 The BV process is visible and articulated Do you understand your’s, end-to-end? Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) © Joseph Little 2009 26
  • 14.
    IMPORTANT End toend to end to end © Joseph Little 2009 27 The process is always being improved Is your process always being improved? Does everyone know that? What is the approach to improvement? Small example: Which stakeholders are involved? Do we have the right ones? Are we making the most use of them? Are we overweighted in compliance, legal, regulatory input? How good is our process of engaging them, and getting the most with the least effort? Are we creating knowledge just-in-time? © Joseph Little 2009 28
  • 15.
    Where do youcheck for communication failures? And are there other points or methods? © Joseph Little 2009 29 A theory, that is being proved out Is the theory stated as such, or is it assumed to be right? How it is being proved out? What happens when (not if) it is (somewhat) wrong? © Joseph Little 2009 30
  • 16.
    Dynamism and change The appropriate amount of dynamism and change will vary by situation. In general, my experience is that we are adapting too slowly. © Joseph Little 2009 31 Business & Technology are partners In fact, there is minimal distinction. Anyone can help a partner learn. Can question. Can propose Remember: There is no technical success The Technologists often know more about the customers than you’d think Should we talk about the failure modes here? Everyone on the Team understands what real success would be © Joseph Little 2009 32
  • 17.
    Success is measured 1 to 3 key “end” metrics. Identified. Forecast. Then the real results are obtained. Perhaps not perfectly, but reasonably And learned from. (Was the product wrong? Was the theory wrong?) And communicated back to the Team © Joseph Little 2009 33 Human judgment Yes, stuff often happens that makes one question whether the “scientific” experiment was fair Yes, one can still have a hunch that the product will succeed later (if not now) So, metrics do not absolve managers from tough human judgment about the actuals and other information they get back © Joseph Little 2009 34
  • 18.
    The unbearable lightnessof metrics We use metrics (about the past) to take forward-looking action Metrics help us see how bad we were at predicting the future Metrics help us learn (perhaps first, by helping us see how much we don’t know) © Joseph Little 2009 35 Multiple Steps are important Some firms focus too much on one or two steps (eg, initial focus group, user story creation, the PO review of completed stories, the product launch) It is not one play; it is the culmination of plays that wins the game Examples: Understand the customer better and spend more time to assure that the Team understands the customer’s problem better and better © Joseph Little 2009 36
  • 19.
    It is notone play... Customers The Business External Customer facing people & The Team Internal Internal groups (Firm oriented) © Joseph Little 2009 37 Elements of BV Engineering 1 1. PO Team 2. Product Backlog 3. PB prioritized by BV 4. Priority Poker 5. Story Points (proxy for cost, for cost-benefit analysis) 6. Minimum Marketable Feature Set 7. Reprioritize before each Sprint 8. Increase velocity (remove impediments) © Joseph Little 2009 38
  • 20.
    Elements of BVEngineering 2 1. Making the stories smaller 2. Value Stream mapping 3. Kano Analysis 4. Voice of the Customer 5. Having the team live with the customers 6. Pareto chart (eg, of causes of customer problems) 7. Process charts or high level use cases 8. Other Lean, Six Sigma, or TQM tools © Joseph Little 2009 39 Elements of BV Engineering 3 1. Understanding the importance of minimizing technical debt 2. Agile portfolio management 3. What quality means to the customer and why it is ‘free’ 4. Just-in-time knowledge creation 5. Modifying the BV model frequently (& the values in the model) 6. Removing impediments 7. Comparing our BV Engineering to theirs We’re different; what does it mean? © Joseph Little 2009 40
  • 21.
    Elements of BVEngineering 4 1. Identifying better sources for good user stories (eg, observation, “living with”, experts, user interaction, “prototypes”, etc) 2. Identifying good user stories 3. Fleshing out good user stories with an Agile specification 4. Improving the monetization of User Stories (or themes) 5. Improving the conversations around the user stories 6. Getting better feedback faster © Joseph Little 2009 41 Some metrics I like 1. NPV (net present value) 2. ROI (return on investment) 3. Faster end-to-end cycle time 4. Increased sales 5. Increased market share 6. More eyeballs (on a webpage) 7. Improved eyeball demographics 8. Reduced costs © Joseph Little 2009 42
  • 22.
    More metrics Ilike 1. Reduced risk (although I prefer if this is made more concrete by being monetized...see underwriting) 2. Net promoter score 3. Any specific metric showing higher customer satisfaction 4. Others?? © Joseph Little 2009 43 Lies, damn lies & statistics It is not having numbers... It is making good use of numbers (that are reasonably accurate) © Joseph Little 2009 44
  • 23.
    Start Exercise #1 © Joseph Little 2009 45 Real Situation It must be a real situation....at least to the “Product Owner” of the group. All others help PO describe his/her situation. © Joseph Little 2009 46
  • 24.
    What is BV? Opinion: Defined by people Which means: There are many many opinions. Which means what? Involves customers, stakeholders, even workers No one right answer for all situations © Joseph Little 2009 47 Exercise 1: As a team, you will have 5 mins. Pick a PO and a specific situation. Define BV in words for all those who must use it. In the context of a specific situation. Define the basics of your BV Model. “If x and y and z, then over 3 years we will make $3 million from this software.” x, y, z are more variables (assumptions) in an equation. © Joseph Little 2009 48
  • 25.
    Hints Decide thePO quickly. Get a real situation. Minimal abstract discussion; mostly concrete specific discussion. Argue some (that’s where you learn). When you come to a fork in the road, take it. (ie, the PO has to decide when to “decide & move on”) The SM is responsible for getting every one involved, but some not too involved The SM is reponsible for “team mojo” © Joseph Little 2009 49 Debrief In a sentence, not repeating what someone else said, what was the (next) biggest thing you learned? Biggest = most useful ?? © Joseph Little 2009 50
  • 26.
    Exercise 2. Mapout one specific BV Engineering process. At your table, led by one PO. Timebox: 45 mins. Required output (see later). © Joseph Little 2009 51 Situation A real, specific situation. Other tables mates act as consultants. Mapping only; not fixing. Current state, not future state. © Joseph Little 2009 52
  • 27.
    In describing theBV Process Do it for a specific situation: a group or one team. 8-16 steps (not more, not a lot fewer) Can include “project portfolio” management Do you have a PDCA cycle? Who is involved? Where? How long does it take? (Or, how many cycles to “get the whole thing done”? Or is that a meaningful concept?) It can be similar to a Value Stream Map, but is it then a PDCA cycle? © Joseph Little 2009 53 The BV Model Improve the BV model and tease out its underlying theories and assumptions f(a,b,c) = $X What is the function? (addition, multiplication, etc, etc) How many variables? 3, 5, 8? What are the best assumptions about “best” values for the variables? © Joseph Little 2009 54
  • 28.
    Some theories Atheory is a stated or unstated way of looking at the world. The following 3 pages is a list of theories I see people use. Not complete; just there to stimulate your thinking. Some I agree with strongly; some I disagree with strongly. (Some are stated in possibly a sarcastic way.) The point is to enable you to discover your firm’s underlying (implicit or explicit) theories. © Joseph Little 2009 55 Theories (examples) - 1 The customer won’t change her mind in X months. The customer knows what he wants. The customer can explain clearly what they want. The customer knows it when they see it. The customer does not want software, just a solution to her problem. The Sales guys are the best ones to explain what the customer wants. © Joseph Little 2009 56
  • 29.
    Theories (examples) -2 No one in our firm could possibly learn about BV by using metrics. Numbers are too hard to collect, so it is better to ignore any potential benefit from them. It’s really good to use documentation to convey “requirements”, since we get to lose all the Tacit knowledge. The telephone game is useful in conveying requirements. It is too risky to ask the customers for feedback; it might be bad. You have to be very careful if you don’t know where you’re going, because you might not get there. © Joseph Little 2009 57 Theories (examples) - 3 What the customer wants and what the shareholders want are always aligned. All projects are equally valuable. We already put things in priority order, so trying to get more like the 80-20 rule is a waste. It would be wrong to tell the Team the expected NPV of the effort; they might .... Getting feedback on how bad the upfront NPV estimates are could never help us learn ...[x] IT is just a cost center, so projects should only be cancelled if the team is bad. © Joseph Little 2009 58
  • 30.
    Theories (examples) -4 There is only one kind of user: “the user”. There is no distinction between the user and the buyer. The functionality needed by customer set 1 is never in conflict with the needs of customer set 2. “End-to-end” starts when we get the business requirements document, and ends when we hand-off the SW to the final test group. We should never let the coder talk to the end user. Coders don’t need to know “bus value”. © Joseph Little 2009 59 Theories (examples) - 5 A bad [X] from team [Y], is not my problem. However bad, it could not have been better. I should just do what I am told. Then things will turn out for the best in this best of all possible worlds. [Apologies to Voltaire.] There are no cost-benefit trade-offs in our work. And anyway, IT’s costs, always fully understood up-front, have nothing to do with delivering business value. © Joseph Little 2009 60
  • 31.
    A note onsarcasm I have made every mistake, so I can be sarcastic about myself. Sarcasm is the acid that frees us from our box. Maybe a bit painful, but useful. Even in being painful, one is compassionate. © Joseph Little 2009 61 Feedback loops Describe the timeboxes used in your BV Engineering Describe the feedback loops, and where new learning is used to get better. © Joseph Little 2009 62
  • 32.
    Required Output A“map” (picture) of some sort Ideally end-to-end (whatever that means) Show the process (at a high/medium level) Describe the BV Model (better) Describe the underlying theories Describe the timeboxes and feedback loops (either in the picture or in writing) © Joseph Little 2009 63 Hints 1 Think outside the Scrum “box” (or the box you have put Scrum in) Just describe, don’t fix. PO rules; just enough info for the PO to understand. Both PO and SM have a role in keeping the team from getting stuck. Do “the best we can” in this timebox. If you don’t know, guess for now. (And check later.) © Joseph Little 2009 64
  • 33.
    Hints 2 “Couldwe do a VS map?” Yes, and where is the PDCA cycle? It can include only one (Scrum) team or multiple teams. For here, KISS is probably a good idea. But you can use this basic framework as a start for complex situations. “Things should be as simple as possible, but not simpler.” For here: one product is enough. You won’t be able to keep yourself from fixing, just not too much. © Joseph Little 2009 65 Hints 3 Do something in all 4 areas: Map BV Model Theories Timeboxes/feedback loops Don’t get stuck too much in one area. © Joseph Little 2009 66
  • 34.
    Debrief In asentence, not repeating what someone else said, what was the (next) biggest thing you learned? You can “show” results. Biggest = most useful ?? © Joseph Little 2009 67 The End For now.... © Joseph Little 2009 68
  • 35.
    Retrospective What doyou remember? What will you act on tomorrow? What thing(s) will you do to improve your BV Engineering? © Joseph Little 2009 69