Work and attitude are important subjects that affect most of our waking hours. Work is what must be done regularly and purposefully to achieve goals and desires, while play provides fun and relaxation. Positive attitudes that are valued include things like money, knowledge, and work ethic, while negative attitudes are disliked. One's attitude toward work strongly influences their satisfaction and achievement. Attitudes can be grouped into types like utilitarian, ego-defensive, value-expressive, and knowledge-serving. Work is classified in different ways and influenced by various personal and organizational factors that impact worker efficiency and performance.

1. WORK ANDWORK
ATTITUDE

2. •Work and work attitude are subjects of utmost
interest to many as they affect a greater part of
our waking hours.
•In the world of business and industry
everything gets done through people power
and through the power of work all goals are
achieved.

3. WORK AND PLAY
WORK is what one should do and must do
regularly, grimly and purposefully. Work is
viewed as a means of attaining whatever
one desires-and it is best (a cultural value)
that one has great achievement
motivation.
Work is a fundamental dimension of
human existence. It is a physical or an
intellectual effort directed towards a
desired end.

4. •PLAY is different. It is fun, an outlet
from work, without serious purpose
except to make us happier, more
efficient, more relaxed and longer
lasting working human machines.

5. ATTITUDE AND WORK
POSITIVE ATTITUDES are objects or ideas
that we like and have a tendency to
acquire, as for example, money, diamonds,
beauty, knowledge, industriousness,
honesty, love for work, etc.
NEGATIVE ATTITUDES are those we shun
or dislike for they do not give any
satisfaction.

6. It is our attitude and values which will
ultimately determine the achievement of our
goals.
Our attitude towards work will strongly
determine our direction, adjustment and
satisfaction in different changing situation.
Attitude in other words, is a tendency to act
with respect to a certain value.
The key word in this definition is “value”. We
value our relationship with others, we value
an object which has been given to us, and
WORK.

7. Attitudes maybe grouped into four (4)
fundamental types:
1. Utilitarian method – are adjustive ones that
can be recognized most easily in change
situations.
2. Ego defensive attitudes – protect the person
from threats to the ego and the anxiety
generated by them.
3. Value expressive attitudes – are those
maintaining self identity or leading to self
expression and determination.
4. Attitudes serving the knowledge function –
tend to promote meaningfulness in all
activity.

8. •An opinion is the expression of one’s
adjustment of a particular set of facts,
an evaluation of the circumstances
presented to him. An opinion is a
response to a specifically limited
stimulus, but the response is certainly
influenced by the predisposition with
which the individual is operating, that
is the attitude structure.

9. FORMATION OF ATTITUDE

10. ATTITUDE CHANGE
Attitudes can be changed if the value
system is changed.
Intellectual attitude towards the work
system is easy to change for with reason
and logic we can change one’s mind.
Most of our poor attitude towards work
arises from our emotions or feelings. It is
not easy to change one’s feelings as we can
change one’s mind.

11. •To change value system we have to look into
the person’s background.
•To understand the root of his poor attitude
towards his work, first we have to consider the
family influence which has a strong impact on
such attitudes.
•Second, the class structure of our country. This
is a determinant of many of our values which
affect our attitudes.
•Third is experience.

12. CONCEPTS OFWORK
Work is universal. This universal thinking
is expounded by IdaTarbel, a naturalist.
She says in her formal essay “Work is
something that reaches the deepest needs;
that helps to reconcile the frustrating and
confusing mystery of the universe. That it
helps establish order in a disorderly
society; puts despair to sleep and given
experience to youth.”

13. Calvin Coolidge expresses work as a
means to social progress and culture. He
expresses, “ All growth depends upon
activity. There is no development –
physically and intellectually without effort
and effort means work. Work is not a curse;
it is the prerogative of intelligence, the only
means to manhood and the measure of
civilization.”

14. •Pope Paul II, in his Laborem Exercens
says that work is honorable, and
dignifies man. He said, “Man’s life is
built up everyday from work; from
work it derives its specific dignity.”

15. Among the ancient people, work was not a
pleasant sort of thing.
◦Labor – in Latin signifies trouble, distress and
difficulty.
◦Travail – in French originally denotes a three-
pronged instrument of torture employed by
the Roman legions.
◦Occupation – among the latins is something to
seize , hold or grapple with.
◦Work – to the Greeks is synonymous with
trouble.

16. Kahlil Gibran, in his book The prophet
expresses in his poem on work that it is
love made visible.
The Judaic-Christian religious concept of
work is that it is a curse due to man’s first
disobedience to God.
The Jews feel that work well-done honors
God; lastly old Protestants believe that in
work, one pursues calling as a part of an
effort to achieve salvation.

17. Classification of work
Work is classified as mental or
physical, sedentary or muscular.
Sedentary work involves control,
timing and direction of activity, while
in muscular work, the main
consideration is mechanical force.

18. Mental and Physical Work
•Mental work has something to do with
remembering, thinking, reasoning,
judging, etc.,
•Physical work refers to activities
where speed, coordination, and
intensity of muscular responses are
needed.

19. Blue Collar and KnowledgeWorker
•Antonio Ozaeta classified workers into:
• the blue collar or manual worker such as
those who account for direct labor cost
•knowledge workers include accountants,
clerks, tellers, programmers,
supervisors, and executives.

20. Mental and Physical Attributes of
Work
 Mental
◦ Mental Preparation or Mindset
◦ Concentration focus
◦ Positive attitude
◦ High quality performance
◦ Attitude changed/decreased
interest
◦ Mental fatigue
◦ Conflicts and mental blocks
 Physical
◦ Warm up or physical conditioning
◦ Increased capacity
◦ Firm control and coordination of
muscles and nerves
◦ Increased quality of production
◦ Physiological change
◦ Decreased control and
coordination
◦ blunders and mistakes

21. •The mental and physical attributes of
work will lead to high tolerance of
errors which cause low level of
achievement and poor quality of work.

22. ELEMENTS OFWORK
Elements of work are derived from the word
work itself.
W – will power (desire, motives, urge)
O – objective (aims, targets, goals)
R – Responsibility (commitment, love, reliability)
K – knowledge (perception, understanding,
wisdom).
Work has its objective and subjective
viewpoints.

23. Dimensions of Work
• Objective point of view – refers to the various
ways and processes whereby man manifests
and confirms himself as one who controls all
activities – mental and physical.
• Subjective point of view – take into account the
personal, familial and societal spheres. Through
work man not only transforms nature adopting
it to his own needs, but, he also achieves
fulfillment as a human being

24. Ethics ofWork
•Moral Obligation
•Honesty

25. Worker Efficiency
• Self-efficiency – means using our abilities in order
to bring optimum results with less waste and
strain.
• General Objectives:
• Self-efficiency – self awareness and self
development to realize ones aspiration.
• Group efficiency – human relations,
teamwork, and social efficiency.
• Things- efficiency – work methods that
spend time and effort.

26. Factors AffectingWorker’s Efficiency
and Performance
A. Personal Characteristics
1. Age
2.Gender
3. Marital status
4.Number of dependents
5.Tenure
B. Ability

27. C. Personality
• authoritarianism – refers to a belief that there
should be status and power differences among
people in organizations.
• Machiavellianism - an individual high in Mach is
pragmatic, maintains emotional distance and
believes that ends can justify the means.
• Self esteem
• Self monitoring
• Risk taking
D. Learning

28. The Changing Concepts ofWork
•Motivation
•Promotions
•Fear of failure
•Work Loss