The document explains word formation processes in English, focusing on blending, clipping, and compounding. Blending combines parts of two words to create a new word, while clipping shortens a word without changing its meaning, with four types identified. Compounding merges two or more words to form new expressions, categorized into various forms based on the types of words involved.

1. ENGLISH
POINTERS

2. Lesson no.4
Word
formatio
n

4. Example:

5. Blending:

6. 














advertisement + entertainment → advertainment
biographical + picture → biopic
breakfast + lunch → brunch
chuckle + snort → chortle
cybernetic + organism → cyborg
guess + estimate → guesstimate
hazardous + material → hazmat
motor + hotel → motel
prim + sissy → prissy
simultaneous + broadcast → simulcast
smoke + fog → smog
Spanish + English → Spanglish
spoon + fork → spork
telephone + marathon → telethon
web + seminar → webinar

7. Clipping:


Clipping is the word formation process in which a
word is reduced or shortened without changing the
meaning of the word. Clipping differs from backformation in that the new word retains the meaning
of the original word.
The four types of clipping are back clipping, foreclipping, middle clipping, and complex clipping.
Back clipping is removing the end of a word as in
gas from gasoline. Fore-clipping is removing the
beginning of a word as in gator from alligator.
Middle clipping is retaining only the middle of a
word as in flu from influenza. Complex clipping is
removing multiple parts from multiple words as in
sitcom from situation comedy.

8. 













advertisement – ad
alligator – gator
examination – exam
gasoline – gas
gymnasium – gym
influenza – flu
laboratory – lab
mathematics – math
memorandum – memo
photograph – photo
public house – pub
raccoon – coon
reputation – rep
situation comedy – sitcom

9. Compounding

10. compound: note + book → notebook
 adjective-noun compound: blue + berry →
blueberry
 verb-noun compound: work + room → workroom
 noun-verb compound: breast + feed → breastfeed
 verb-verb compound: stir + fry → stir-fry
 adjective-verb compound: high + light → highlight
 verb-preposition compound: break + up →
breakup
 preposition-verb compound: out + run → outrun
 adjective-adjective compound: bitter + sweet →
bittersweet
 preposition-preposition compound: in + to → into
 noun-noun