Short summary of wood preservation in India. Types of wood preservatives, why wood preservation is required. different methods of wood preservation.

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Wood Preservation
GOOD FOR WOOD
BY SHRIKRISHNA KULKARNI

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INTRODUCTION
 WOOD IS PRECIOUS. SAVE IT
 Composition of wood
 Properties Of wood
 Enemies of wood
 Environment and insects
 Why preservation of wood
 Types of wood preservation
 Types of wood preservatives
 Features of wood preservative
 Major manufacturers

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 Wood can’t be manufactured
synthetically
 Wood is rare and precious
 Wood is eco friendly
Save wood- save earth

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Composition of wood
 Wood is composed of minute, hollow fibers
 Some wood is composed of short, hollow brick
shaped cells
 Zone of lighter wood is called sapwood
 Zone of darker wood is called heartwood
 Through the fibers the tree transports water
and nutrients vertically within the tree
 Wood is composed of a complex mixture of
substances but the main constituent of all
wood is a complex sugar called cellulose

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Properties of wood
 Wood may be destroyed and damaged by
fungi, insects and marine borers
 Under proper use conditions, wood can give
centuries of good service
 Under unfavorable conditions wood can be
crushed in powder
 Wood is affected by environment factors
such as temperature,moisture,winds,salty
air, water etc
 Wood can be cut,mould,bend,chip,stick etc

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Wood enemies
 Water,moisture,wind,salts,chemicals
 Wood- inhabiting fungi- feed on living or dead wood
and produce spores (microscopic seeds)
 Spores can infect moist wood
 Fungi need favorable temperature and moisture
content
 Types of fungi- wood decay fungi
• sap staining fungi
 decay fungi grows in interiors of wood
 Fungi break down the cellulose component of wood

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Wood enemies- contd.
Wood decay fungi types
 Brown rots
 White rots
 Soft rots
Effects of fungi
 Excessive wood shrinkage
 Cross grain cracking
 Powder
Chemical stains – chemical changes in wood
during processing or seasoning of wood

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Wood enemies contd.-
Insects
 Termites, carpenter ants and beetles
Beetles
 Powder post beetles
 Anobiid beetles
 Bostrichid borers
 Carpenter ants
 Round headed and flat headed beetles
 Marine borers

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Why wood preservation
 To overcome environmental effects
and insect control
 To increase life span of wood
 To preserve and protect wood
 To maintain natural resources of
wood

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Types of wood preservation
• Moisture control and temperature control-
Basic preservation
• Drying - kiln drying and air drying
Chemical control
a) vacuum pressure treatment
b) Mixing with glue
c) Dipping
d) Spray application
e) Brush application
f) impregnation

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Types of wood preservative
 Solvent borne
 Creosote base
 Copper base- cuNAP,ACQ,HDO,AZOLE,ACC,CNSL
 WATER BORNE
 Copper chrome arsenic
 Copper chrome boron
 Acid cupric chrome
 Zinc base
 Oxine copper
 Copper naphthenate
 Silicates
 Glycol base

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Characteristics of wood preservative
 Effectiveness
 Toxicity
 Broad spectrum
 Eco friendly
 Marine pollutant
 Aquatic poisonous
 Fixation capacity
 Penetration capacity
 Leaching in soil and water
 Retention capacity
 Distribution in the wood
 Availability
 Economical

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Wood Preservative Associations and Institutes
 American wood preserver’s association AWPA
 Wood protection association
 European wood preservative manufacturer's association
 Wood preservative science council WPSC
 Institute of wood sciences and technology,Bangloe
 Leonard wood Institute, USA
 Wood Institute of California
 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
 South African wood preserver’s association

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Major manufacturers
 Merichem Ltd.USA
 Valhalla Wood Preservatives Ltd. USA
 Wolman,USA
 Solignum, UK
 TWP, USA
 Otter Ind. Malaysia
 Rockwood, Germany
 Dattashri Enterprises, India
 Lada organics, India
 Pidilite Industries, India
 Ascu hickson, India

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Termites and borers

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Carpenter ants

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Beetles

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Fungi Decay

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Dry Rot Fungi

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Brown rot fungi

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Blue stain fungi

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Wood preservation plant

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Thank you