1. The three most common cancers in women in India are breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer. 2. Breast cancer refers to malignant tumors that develop from breast cells. Risk factors include family history and lifestyle factors like smoking. Early detection involves screening mammography for women over 45-50. 3. Cervical cancer is often caused by HPV infection and can be prevented through Pap smear screening and HPV vaccination. Early cancers usually don't cause symptoms.

1. What you need to know
about Women Cancers
Dr. Snita Sinukumar MS,Mch( Surgical Oncology)
Consultant Surgical Oncologist , Jehangir Hospital, Pune.

3. Cancer Statistics
• Over the last decade Cancer in India is on the rise.
• 1.3 million new cases of cancer diagnosed every year.
• 1 in 4 deaths from cancer, making cancer one of the leading
causes of death.

4. What is Cancer?
• Abnormal growth of cells.
• Healthy cells are programmed to
“know what to do and when to do it”.
• Cancerous cells replicate out of
control.

5. General Signs & Symptoms of Cancer

6. • The Three most Common Cancers in Women In India
• 1. Breast Cancer.
• 2.Cancer of the Cervix
• 3. Ovarian Cancer

7. What is Breast cancer ?
The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumor that has
developed from cells in the breast.

8. Risk factors

9. Symptoms

11. Early detection
For women older than 45-50
years.(Screening Mammography)
Younger women undergo a
Sonomammography.

13. Risk Factors
CervicalCancer
• HPV infection:
Sexually transmitted
virus
-HPV infections are very common.
-Most men and women who are sexually active have been exposed to HPV.
Over 85% of men and women have been infected with ---
More than 75% of sexually active women have been exposed to HPV by age
18-22. Some types of HPV can cause changes to cells in the cervix.
- If these changes are found early, cervical cancer can be prevented by
removing or killing the changed cells before they can become cancer cells.
• Lack of regular
Cervical Smear tests:
Cervical cancer is more common among women who don’t have regular
smear tests. The smear test screens for abnormal cells. Removing or killing the
abnormal cells usually prevents cervical cancer.
• Family History
• Smoking
Heredity/ Genetics
Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of cervical cancer.
• Having many
children
Studies suggest that giving birth to many children (5 or more) may slightly
increase the risk of cervical cancer among women with HPV infection

14. Early cervical
cancers usually
don’t cause
symptoms.

15. Prevention: Papsmear screening and Vaccination
• HPV vaccine should be given before a female has any type
of sexual contact with another person. It is given in a series
of 3 doses within 6 months.
• Recommendations for each age group:
• Girls ages 11 to 12
The vaccine should be given to girls ages 11 to 12 and as early as age 9.
• Girls ages 13 to 18
Girls ages 13 to 18 who have not yet started the vaccine series or who
have started but have not completed the series should be vaccinated.
• Young women ages 19 to 26
Not enough evidence of the benefit to recommend vaccinating all
women in this age group.

17. What Is a Cervical Smear Test?
 A gentle scraping some
cells from the surface of the
cervix and putting them on
a slide.
 The cells are then examined
under a microscope in the
laboratory to see if they are
normal.
 Pre and early cancerous
changes in the cervix can
be detected by the smear.

18. Diagnosis
• Cervical Smear
• Colposcopy
• Cervical Biopsy
•
• Additional Imaging like CT/MRI scan

19. Women with cervical cancer have treatment
options.
• Choice of treatment depends on the
• Size of the tumor
• Stage
• The options are
• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Chemotherapy
• OR a combination of methods.

20. Ovarian Cancer: Risk Factors

21. Symptoms
➤ Bloating
➤ Pelvic or abdominal pain
➤ Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
➤ Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency).

22. Diagnosis and Evaluation
• A pelvic exam, including a rectovaginal exam, and a general
physical exam should be performed.
• Transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound to evaluate the ovaries. If an
abnormality of the ovaries is found,additional radiographic
studies, such as a CT scan, or MRI and a blood
• Test for CA 125, may be performed. CA 125 is elevated in
approximately 80 percent of women with advanced stage.

23. Management …
•Complete surgical staging
•Optimal reductive surgery
•Chemotherapy

24. Staging …

25. Management
• The treatment of ovarian cancer is based on the stage of the disease
which is a reflection of the extent or spread of the cancer to other
parts of the body.
• There are basically three forms of treatment of ovarian cancer:-
1. The primary one is surgery at which time the cancer is removed
from the ovary and from as many other sites as is possible
2. Chemotherapy is the second important modality.
3. Radiation treatment, which is used in only certain instances(very

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