Breast cancer is a disease where cells in the breast grow out of control. There are two main types: invasive ductal carcinoma, where cancer cells grow outside the ducts into the breast tissue, and invasive lobular carcinoma, where cells spread from the lobules into nearby breast tissue. The incidence of breast cancer is higher in developed nations due to dietary and lifestyle factors, though rates are increasing in developing countries as well. Risk factors include lack of breastfeeding, lower parity, and shorter duration of breastfeeding. Warning signs include new lumps, skin changes, nipple discharge, and breast or nipple pain. Evaluation involves clinical exams, mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy. Self breast exams are important for early

1. Breast Cancer Awareness
SELF HELP SERIES.
SCOHE, International Federation of
Medical Students.
By
Dr. GBONEME Sandra

2. Brief Introduction
• Dr. Gboneme Sandra is currently a house officer
in Lagos University teaching hospital, LUTH.
She has also been involved in a number of
research work which includes the National
Surgical, Obstetric and Anesthesia survey in
Lagos state.

3. Outline
• Introduction
• Simplified Types
• Epidemiology
• Risk factors
• Warning Signs
• Evaluation

4. Introduction
• Breast Cancer: In simple terms, it is a condition
or disease in which the of cells of the breast grow
out control.

5. • There are various types of breast cancer and for
the benefit of the public, its best to classify into
2.

6. Invasive Ductal
• Cells grow outside the duct and into other parts
of the breast tissue.

7. Invasive Lobular
• Cancer cells spread from the breast lobules to
the breast tissue close by.

8. Epidemiology
• - Breast cancer is a disease of the developed
world.
• However, the incidence is increasing in the
developing world. Reasons being:
• 1. Dietary effects
• 2. Lower parity In developing countries.
• 3. Shorter breastfeeding
• In general, there is a higher incidence in the
developing world because of the adoption of
western lifestyle.

9. Epidemiology Contd:
• 58% of breast cancer occurs in developing
world.
• According to GLOBOCAN2008, Incidence rates
vary greatly worldwide from 19.3 per 100,000
women in eastern Africa to 89.7 per 100,000
women in western Europe. In most of the
developing regions, the incidence rates are below
40 per 100,000.

10. Risk Factors

11. Did you Know ?
• Breast feeding offers protection against breast
cancer.

12. Warning Signs
• New lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)
• Thickening or swelling of part of the breast.
• Irritation or dimpling of breast skin.
• Redness or flaky skin in the nipple are or the
breast.
• Pulling in of the nipple or pai in the nipple area.
• Nipple discharge other tha breast milk includig
blood.
• Any change in the size or the shape of the breast.
• Pain in any area of the breast.

14. Evaluation
• Clinical examination
• Imaging (usually mammography,
ultrasonography, or both)
• Needle biopsy

15. Self breast examination

16. Imaging
• Mammograms: A modified X-ray done for
women above the age of 35 years because of
density of breast tissue.
• Ultrasonography: Done In women ages 35 and
less because of smaller breast tissue density.

17. Image - Mammogram

18. Conclusion
• Self breast examination is very important and it
is best we report to our Doctors/Hospitals when
a change is noticed.
• Investigation as well treatment plans are drawn
up based on the patient.

19. • THANK YOU!