The present paper examines the reality of gender in the context of human rights, women’s work and exploitation.
We take a specific women’s occupation in a micro enterprise in India, with in the beedi industry, with a case study.
We have taken Nizamabad, in Andhra Pradesh as a case study, but the reality is same all over India, be it Karnataka, Maharashtra, kerala or Tamil Nadu.
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
Women and children are vulnerable groups that suffer disproportionately from issues like poverty, lack of economic opportunities, and environmental degradation. The document outlines several initiatives in India and globally to promote their welfare and empowerment. It discusses the formation of the Ministry of Women and Child Development in India and participation in international agreements. It also provides examples of successful self-help groups for women in Tamil Nadu and an empowerment program for girls called Swabhiman. Key issues discussed for children include child labor, malnutrition, lack of education, diseases, and environmental pollution posing health risks. Several NGOs working on child welfare through education, healthcare and rehabilitation are also mentioned.
This document discusses population growth in India and methods for population control. It notes that India's population has grown significantly in recent decades and now exceeds 1.2 billion people. Several factors have contributed to India's population explosion, including decreasing death rates and high birth rates driven by poverty, illiteracy, and cultural norms. The large population is straining resources and causing issues like increased pollution, food and water shortages, and unemployment. The document advocates for planned population control methods like increasing education and marriage ages and expanding family planning programs to help reduce birth rates and stabilize India's population.
The document discusses women empowerment in India. It begins by noting the historical treatment of women as homemakers and obstacles that need to be overcome. It then defines empowerment and provides demographic data on India's population and literacy rates. It discusses various levels of empowerment including welfare, access, conscientization, mobilization, and control. Steps taken by the government and non-profits are outlined to promote education, end evils like child marriage and dowry, allow women to work, and increase political participation. Overall it argues that while progress has been made, more work is still needed for true gender equality and empowerment.
The document discusses the status of women in India, noting that while women make up a large part of the population and professionals, they still face many issues in society such as dowry, female infanticide, and child marriage. It outlines constitutional provisions and government schemes aimed at empowering women, such as education initiatives, self-help groups, healthcare programs, and hostels for working women. However, women's participation in the workforce is declining due to traditional gender norms and lack of access to opportunities and flexibility. International initiatives and programs specific to Tamil Nadu are also highlighted.
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
Women and children are vulnerable groups that suffer disproportionately from issues like poverty, lack of economic opportunities, and environmental degradation. The document outlines several initiatives in India and globally to promote their welfare and empowerment. It discusses the formation of the Ministry of Women and Child Development in India and participation in international agreements. It also provides examples of successful self-help groups for women in Tamil Nadu and an empowerment program for girls called Swabhiman. Key issues discussed for children include child labor, malnutrition, lack of education, diseases, and environmental pollution posing health risks. Several NGOs working on child welfare through education, healthcare and rehabilitation are also mentioned.
This document discusses population growth in India and methods for population control. It notes that India's population has grown significantly in recent decades and now exceeds 1.2 billion people. Several factors have contributed to India's population explosion, including decreasing death rates and high birth rates driven by poverty, illiteracy, and cultural norms. The large population is straining resources and causing issues like increased pollution, food and water shortages, and unemployment. The document advocates for planned population control methods like increasing education and marriage ages and expanding family planning programs to help reduce birth rates and stabilize India's population.
The document discusses women empowerment in India. It begins by noting the historical treatment of women as homemakers and obstacles that need to be overcome. It then defines empowerment and provides demographic data on India's population and literacy rates. It discusses various levels of empowerment including welfare, access, conscientization, mobilization, and control. Steps taken by the government and non-profits are outlined to promote education, end evils like child marriage and dowry, allow women to work, and increase political participation. Overall it argues that while progress has been made, more work is still needed for true gender equality and empowerment.
The document discusses the status of women in India, noting that while women make up a large part of the population and professionals, they still face many issues in society such as dowry, female infanticide, and child marriage. It outlines constitutional provisions and government schemes aimed at empowering women, such as education initiatives, self-help groups, healthcare programs, and hostels for working women. However, women's participation in the workforce is declining due to traditional gender norms and lack of access to opportunities and flexibility. International initiatives and programs specific to Tamil Nadu are also highlighted.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines the differences between sex and gender, and explains that women's empowerment involves redistributing power away from patriarchal systems and male dominance. It outlines objectives of empowerment like decision-making power, access to resources, and positive self-image. Crimes against women like domestic violence and rape are also mentioned. The document then discusses factors that facilitate empowerment and laws in India aimed at protecting and empowering women.
The presentation describes the situation of female foeticide in Indian society. Its causes ,effects and remedies are also described in this presentation.
Policies & programmes for women in indiaPawan Sharma
The document discusses policies and programs aimed at empowering women farmers in India. It notes that women make up a large portion of the agricultural workforce but face numerous constraints including lack of land rights, access to credit and technology. Key government programs discussed include the National Rural Livelihood Mission which promotes self-help groups for women, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which aims to generate rural employment, especially for women. The document also provides recommendations to strengthen women farmers' roles, such as improving land access, providing gender-sensitive agricultural support and encouraging group-based approaches to empowerment.
This document outlines the history and objectives of India's National Population Policy. It was first drafted in 1976 but not adopted until 2000. The 2000 policy aims to address health care needs, bring total fertility rates to replacement levels by 2010, and achieve a stable population by 2045 through various programs and incentives. It emphasizes decentralization, women's empowerment, education, health services, and intersectoral collaboration to control population growth and promote sustainable development.
women empowerment is necessary as "WOMEN ARE HONORED WHERE , DIGNITY BLOSSOMS THERE" so women should know their rights and prepare for every life challenging situation
The document outlines India's national policy for empowering women. It establishes that the Indian constitution guarantees gender equality and empowers the state to adopt positive discrimination for women. The policy's objectives are the advancement, development and empowerment of women as well as the elimination of discrimination. It addresses themes like the legal system, economic empowerment through microcredit and decision-making roles, and social empowerment through education, health, and protection against violence. The policy prescribes institutional mechanisms and actions to holistically empower women through participation, universal equal opportunities, and inclusive development.
Prostitution exists in various forms across India such as street, brothels, escorts, and is regulated differently in other countries. While legalizing prostitution could generate tax revenue and protect sex workers, it may also promote gender inequality and increase disease spread. There are arguments both for and against legalizing prostitution in India, and reasonable people disagree on this complex issue. A balanced, practical approach is needed to address public health and empower sex workers.
Prostitution has existed since ancient times, with records of sacred prostitution in Sumerian temples in 2400 BC. It has taken various forms throughout history and cultures. Today, prostitution is considered engaging in sexual relations for money and occurs in different types such as brothels, call girls, streetwalking, and online. There are various causes that fuel both the supply of and demand for prostitution, including poverty, gender differences, HIV/AIDS, and cultural influences portrayed in media. The document discusses the history and current types, causes, and debates around legalizing prostitution.
The term Women Empowerment refers to the increasing of the spiritual , social, political or economic strength of all women.
It is frequently seen that the empowered in their capacities develop confidence.
Empowerment of women is conceivably the sum of total of the points listed below or parallel capabilities:
Having the power of making decisions for self.
Having access to resources and information for proper decision making.
Need & importance of women empowerment
Definition
Women empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social or economic strength of women.
It often involves the empowered developing confidence in their own capacities.
Women empowerment refers to women invest with power, especially legal power or official authority.
Principles
Social Empowerment of Women
Research article on Violence Against Women
This document discusses women empowerment. It begins by defining women empowerment and explaining why it is important. Historically, empowerment efforts date back to the 1970s international women's movement. The main problems facing women include lack of education, financial constraints, and family responsibilities. Efforts to achieve empowerment focus on education, self-employment, health, and legal rights. Examples of government schemes to promote empowerment are also provided. The document concludes by highlighting some notable women who have worked to empower women across different fields such as education, health, and self-reliance.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India, including:
1) It provides historical context on the status of women in India from ancient to modern times and outlines the current status across various indicators.
2) It discusses components of women's empowerment like self-worth, access to opportunities/resources, and influencing social change.
3) It analyzes India's performance on global gender gap reports and outlines government schemes and policies aimed at promoting women's empowerment through economic, political, and social means.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It begins with defining women's empowerment and noting that it is dependent on various factors like location, education, caste, and age. It then outlines issues affecting women like domestic violence, dowry, female feticide, and their historical status in Indian society. The document discusses the national policy for women's empowerment in India and strategies to empower women through education, employment, microcredit, politics, and development goals. It concludes by emphasizing the need to change social attitudes towards women and highlighting their crucial role in society.
This document discusses women welfare and child welfare in India. It provides background on the need for women welfare, objectives of women welfare programs, and the status of women in India based on metrics like sex ratio, education levels, age of marriage, and workplace participation. It also outlines some key child welfare issues in India like abuse, labor, lack of education, and sexual abuse. The document then discusses some of the policies and programs implemented by the government and NGOs to promote women and child welfare, as well as additional efforts still needed.
Women empowerment---- Stop Women-DiscriminationKunal Nagpal
In today's era of increasing modernization and digitalization, it is really sad to hear about various kinds of social evils (towards women) taking place in various parts of the world. So, the need of the hour is to raise our voices against such ill-practices (like female-foeticide, sex-determination, eve-teasing, rapes, women-discrimination in the Corporate-World, etc.....). Therefore, there is an urgent need to realise the importance of the basic social etiquettes.... The basic objective of our Campaign (led by Kunal Nagpal, Amity University) is to spread awareness (rather 'Social-Awakening' among the masses to stop Women-Discrimination.... So let's join our hands to say a strict "NO" towards all the evils happening in our society towards women because it's really a high time to raise our voice and act.....So Let's Empower Women !!! WHEN SLEEPING WOMEN WAKE UP, THEY CAN EVEN MOVE THE MOUNTAINS !!!
Female foeticide, or the killing of female fetuses, is a major issue in India. It is driven by social preferences for sons over daughters and enabled by technology like ultrasounds. This has led to unnatural increases in the male to female sex ratio, with 108.8 males for every 100 females according to the 2011 census. The government has tried to address this through acts banning sex-selective abortions, but enforcement has been a challenge due to social attitudes.
In this upload, you can refer all the topics related to the women empowerment.
Definition of women empowerment
various principles in women empowerment
Necessity of women empowerment
The process of women empowerment
NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001)
Laws Related to Women
Necessity of women reservation:
A SIMPLE QUOTATION ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
detailed NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001) is mentioned in the presentation
The document discusses the feminization of poverty in Canada. It begins with an introduction that defines poverty and outlines the importance of discussing gender inequality and how it intersects with poverty. It then provides definitions of poverty, feminism theory perspectives used in the analysis, and facts about women in poverty in Canada. Specifically, it notes that women experience higher rates of poverty due to economic, social and political barriers like the gender wage gap and lack of affordable childcare. The document concludes by discussing potential solutions to reduce the feminization of poverty such as increasing social programs and implementing policies to promote gender equality.
The status of commercial sex & its Psychological Impact on its workers in Eth...Habtemariam Mulugeta
This document provides an overview of commercial sex work in Ethiopia. It defines commercial sex work and outlines its history worldwide and in Ethiopia. The status of commercial sex work in Ethiopia is then examined, noting there are an estimated 210,967 female sex workers in the country. The psychological impacts of commercial sex work on workers in Ethiopia are explored, including emotional, physical, spiritual, and mental effects. Negative factors impacting sex workers' psychological well-being such as societal attitudes and work-life conflicts are also discussed.
This document discusses various sources of vital statistics in India, including population censuses conducted every 10 years since 1881, the civil registration system for recording births and deaths, the sample registration system providing annual estimates of birth and death rates, national sample surveys conducted by NSSO on topics like household expenditure, and various health surveys like the National Family Health Survey and District Level Household Survey providing data on maternal and child health, reproductive health, and family planning. It provides details on the objectives, coverage and administration of these different systems and surveys.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines empowerment as giving women the power to control their own lives. It outlines problems facing women like violence, discrimination, and workplace issues. Components of empowerment include self-worth, choices, opportunities, and influencing social change. Factors like education, health, poverty, and traditions can affect empowerment, while policies aim to facilitate it through rights, freedom, and participation. The national policy's goals are creating an enabling environment and fundamental freedoms for women.
This document summarizes issues facing India such as hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, gender discrimination, child labor, lack of awareness, and environmental issues. It also discusses the high levels of corruption in India and how the money lost to corruption could otherwise be used to improve many social issues like education, healthcare, housing, and more. Finally, it promotes collective action and volunteering with non-profits to address these social problems in India.
The document discusses issues facing women and children in India. It notes that women and children are often the most vulnerable groups, as they are weaker, helpless, and economically dependent. Specific issues discussed include high rates of domestic violence, dowry deaths, child marriage, maternal mortality, malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare and education, and economic exploitation through practices like child labor. The document outlines some government and non-government initiatives to promote women and child welfare in India.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines the differences between sex and gender, and explains that women's empowerment involves redistributing power away from patriarchal systems and male dominance. It outlines objectives of empowerment like decision-making power, access to resources, and positive self-image. Crimes against women like domestic violence and rape are also mentioned. The document then discusses factors that facilitate empowerment and laws in India aimed at protecting and empowering women.
The presentation describes the situation of female foeticide in Indian society. Its causes ,effects and remedies are also described in this presentation.
Policies & programmes for women in indiaPawan Sharma
The document discusses policies and programs aimed at empowering women farmers in India. It notes that women make up a large portion of the agricultural workforce but face numerous constraints including lack of land rights, access to credit and technology. Key government programs discussed include the National Rural Livelihood Mission which promotes self-help groups for women, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which aims to generate rural employment, especially for women. The document also provides recommendations to strengthen women farmers' roles, such as improving land access, providing gender-sensitive agricultural support and encouraging group-based approaches to empowerment.
This document outlines the history and objectives of India's National Population Policy. It was first drafted in 1976 but not adopted until 2000. The 2000 policy aims to address health care needs, bring total fertility rates to replacement levels by 2010, and achieve a stable population by 2045 through various programs and incentives. It emphasizes decentralization, women's empowerment, education, health services, and intersectoral collaboration to control population growth and promote sustainable development.
women empowerment is necessary as "WOMEN ARE HONORED WHERE , DIGNITY BLOSSOMS THERE" so women should know their rights and prepare for every life challenging situation
The document outlines India's national policy for empowering women. It establishes that the Indian constitution guarantees gender equality and empowers the state to adopt positive discrimination for women. The policy's objectives are the advancement, development and empowerment of women as well as the elimination of discrimination. It addresses themes like the legal system, economic empowerment through microcredit and decision-making roles, and social empowerment through education, health, and protection against violence. The policy prescribes institutional mechanisms and actions to holistically empower women through participation, universal equal opportunities, and inclusive development.
Prostitution exists in various forms across India such as street, brothels, escorts, and is regulated differently in other countries. While legalizing prostitution could generate tax revenue and protect sex workers, it may also promote gender inequality and increase disease spread. There are arguments both for and against legalizing prostitution in India, and reasonable people disagree on this complex issue. A balanced, practical approach is needed to address public health and empower sex workers.
Prostitution has existed since ancient times, with records of sacred prostitution in Sumerian temples in 2400 BC. It has taken various forms throughout history and cultures. Today, prostitution is considered engaging in sexual relations for money and occurs in different types such as brothels, call girls, streetwalking, and online. There are various causes that fuel both the supply of and demand for prostitution, including poverty, gender differences, HIV/AIDS, and cultural influences portrayed in media. The document discusses the history and current types, causes, and debates around legalizing prostitution.
The term Women Empowerment refers to the increasing of the spiritual , social, political or economic strength of all women.
It is frequently seen that the empowered in their capacities develop confidence.
Empowerment of women is conceivably the sum of total of the points listed below or parallel capabilities:
Having the power of making decisions for self.
Having access to resources and information for proper decision making.
Need & importance of women empowerment
Definition
Women empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social or economic strength of women.
It often involves the empowered developing confidence in their own capacities.
Women empowerment refers to women invest with power, especially legal power or official authority.
Principles
Social Empowerment of Women
Research article on Violence Against Women
This document discusses women empowerment. It begins by defining women empowerment and explaining why it is important. Historically, empowerment efforts date back to the 1970s international women's movement. The main problems facing women include lack of education, financial constraints, and family responsibilities. Efforts to achieve empowerment focus on education, self-employment, health, and legal rights. Examples of government schemes to promote empowerment are also provided. The document concludes by highlighting some notable women who have worked to empower women across different fields such as education, health, and self-reliance.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India, including:
1) It provides historical context on the status of women in India from ancient to modern times and outlines the current status across various indicators.
2) It discusses components of women's empowerment like self-worth, access to opportunities/resources, and influencing social change.
3) It analyzes India's performance on global gender gap reports and outlines government schemes and policies aimed at promoting women's empowerment through economic, political, and social means.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It begins with defining women's empowerment and noting that it is dependent on various factors like location, education, caste, and age. It then outlines issues affecting women like domestic violence, dowry, female feticide, and their historical status in Indian society. The document discusses the national policy for women's empowerment in India and strategies to empower women through education, employment, microcredit, politics, and development goals. It concludes by emphasizing the need to change social attitudes towards women and highlighting their crucial role in society.
This document discusses women welfare and child welfare in India. It provides background on the need for women welfare, objectives of women welfare programs, and the status of women in India based on metrics like sex ratio, education levels, age of marriage, and workplace participation. It also outlines some key child welfare issues in India like abuse, labor, lack of education, and sexual abuse. The document then discusses some of the policies and programs implemented by the government and NGOs to promote women and child welfare, as well as additional efforts still needed.
Women empowerment---- Stop Women-DiscriminationKunal Nagpal
In today's era of increasing modernization and digitalization, it is really sad to hear about various kinds of social evils (towards women) taking place in various parts of the world. So, the need of the hour is to raise our voices against such ill-practices (like female-foeticide, sex-determination, eve-teasing, rapes, women-discrimination in the Corporate-World, etc.....). Therefore, there is an urgent need to realise the importance of the basic social etiquettes.... The basic objective of our Campaign (led by Kunal Nagpal, Amity University) is to spread awareness (rather 'Social-Awakening' among the masses to stop Women-Discrimination.... So let's join our hands to say a strict "NO" towards all the evils happening in our society towards women because it's really a high time to raise our voice and act.....So Let's Empower Women !!! WHEN SLEEPING WOMEN WAKE UP, THEY CAN EVEN MOVE THE MOUNTAINS !!!
Female foeticide, or the killing of female fetuses, is a major issue in India. It is driven by social preferences for sons over daughters and enabled by technology like ultrasounds. This has led to unnatural increases in the male to female sex ratio, with 108.8 males for every 100 females according to the 2011 census. The government has tried to address this through acts banning sex-selective abortions, but enforcement has been a challenge due to social attitudes.
In this upload, you can refer all the topics related to the women empowerment.
Definition of women empowerment
various principles in women empowerment
Necessity of women empowerment
The process of women empowerment
NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001)
Laws Related to Women
Necessity of women reservation:
A SIMPLE QUOTATION ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
detailed NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001) is mentioned in the presentation
The document discusses the feminization of poverty in Canada. It begins with an introduction that defines poverty and outlines the importance of discussing gender inequality and how it intersects with poverty. It then provides definitions of poverty, feminism theory perspectives used in the analysis, and facts about women in poverty in Canada. Specifically, it notes that women experience higher rates of poverty due to economic, social and political barriers like the gender wage gap and lack of affordable childcare. The document concludes by discussing potential solutions to reduce the feminization of poverty such as increasing social programs and implementing policies to promote gender equality.
The status of commercial sex & its Psychological Impact on its workers in Eth...Habtemariam Mulugeta
This document provides an overview of commercial sex work in Ethiopia. It defines commercial sex work and outlines its history worldwide and in Ethiopia. The status of commercial sex work in Ethiopia is then examined, noting there are an estimated 210,967 female sex workers in the country. The psychological impacts of commercial sex work on workers in Ethiopia are explored, including emotional, physical, spiritual, and mental effects. Negative factors impacting sex workers' psychological well-being such as societal attitudes and work-life conflicts are also discussed.
This document discusses various sources of vital statistics in India, including population censuses conducted every 10 years since 1881, the civil registration system for recording births and deaths, the sample registration system providing annual estimates of birth and death rates, national sample surveys conducted by NSSO on topics like household expenditure, and various health surveys like the National Family Health Survey and District Level Household Survey providing data on maternal and child health, reproductive health, and family planning. It provides details on the objectives, coverage and administration of these different systems and surveys.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines empowerment as giving women the power to control their own lives. It outlines problems facing women like violence, discrimination, and workplace issues. Components of empowerment include self-worth, choices, opportunities, and influencing social change. Factors like education, health, poverty, and traditions can affect empowerment, while policies aim to facilitate it through rights, freedom, and participation. The national policy's goals are creating an enabling environment and fundamental freedoms for women.
This document summarizes issues facing India such as hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, gender discrimination, child labor, lack of awareness, and environmental issues. It also discusses the high levels of corruption in India and how the money lost to corruption could otherwise be used to improve many social issues like education, healthcare, housing, and more. Finally, it promotes collective action and volunteering with non-profits to address these social problems in India.
The document discusses issues facing women and children in India. It notes that women and children are often the most vulnerable groups, as they are weaker, helpless, and economically dependent. Specific issues discussed include high rates of domestic violence, dowry deaths, child marriage, maternal mortality, malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare and education, and economic exploitation through practices like child labor. The document outlines some government and non-government initiatives to promote women and child welfare in India.
Socio-Economic Growth through Women Education: A Case Study on the SANTAL at ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a case study on the socio-economic benefits of women's education among the Santal tribe in Balipara village, West Bengal, India. It finds that women's education levels in the village are still quite low. Educating girls leads to social benefits like lower fertility rates, reduced child mortality, and better child health. Economically, educated women can earn more and contribute more to their household income. The study concludes that increasing women's education among the Santal tribe could help boost their socio-economic development and empowerment.
Micro enterprise development and rural women enterpurinship by Parvani SharmaParvani Sharma
This document discusses micro enterprise development and rural women entrepreneurship as a way for economic development. It provides context on the history and status of women in India and highlights their significant yet often unrecognized contributions to agriculture and food production. Specifically, rural women constitute 48.6% of the agricultural workforce but face numerous challenges including gender inequities, lack of access to resources, and health issues due to their heavy workloads. Micro-enterprises in areas like agriculture, livestock, and household operations can help empower rural women economically by providing income generation opportunities and improving their status and decision-making power in their families and communities. Overall, the document makes the case that supporting rural women entrepreneurs through micro-enterprises is an important strategy for
This document discusses child labor in Pakistan. It defines child labor and outlines its main causes as poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and population growth. Common forms of child labor in Pakistan include work in agriculture, carpet making, glass bangles, fishing, and domestic work. The effects of child labor are that it reduces children's education and future earnings potential, and can impact their physical and mental health. Steps to control child labor include providing free and compulsory education, poverty reduction programs, strong enforcement of child labor laws, and population control initiatives.
Itisree Lenka completed a project on "Child Labour in India" for their class. The project examined the definition, situation, causes, and consequences of child labor in India. It found that poverty is the main driver of child labor, and that many children work in hazardous conditions that harm their health and development. The document calls for government action and policies to eliminate child labor in India.
24. mr. sunil kumar fip 3, presentationFIP3SKBishnoi
This document summarizes a presentation on the problems faced by working women in India. It begins with an introduction defining working women and noting the increasing financial demands on families that force more women to work. It then outlines topics covered like women's employment rates, reasons for working, benefits, disadvantages, and specific problems faced. Problems discussed in detail include discrimination, safety issues, disrespect of talents, balancing family/work, male egos, lack of dignity/ownership of earnings, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Protective labor provisions and health issues for working women are also reviewed.
This document discusses the changing roles and opportunities for millennial women in India over recent decades. It notes how women's roles have expanded beyond traditional domains of the kitchen, kids and knitting to include fields like engineering, electronics and energy. Charts show rising levels of female labor force participation in India and other countries over time. The document celebrates women pursuing their passions and potential, and calls for continued progress on issues like women's safety, health, leadership and work-life balance.
This document outlines a presentation on the problems faced by working women in India. It begins with an introduction on increasing financial demands forcing more women to work outside the home. It then provides statistics on women's employment and participation rates in India. It discusses reasons for women working, benefits, and disadvantages. The main body details common problems faced like discrimination, safety issues, balancing work/family duties, and domestic violence. It also covers protective labor laws and suggestions to improve the situation for working women.
This document discusses child labour, defining it as the use of children as workers in dangerous or exploitative conditions. It outlines different types of child labour such as trafficking, mining, manufacturing, and domestic work. Some key facts are provided, such as India having over 4 million child labourers, the highest number of any country. Causes of child labour are listed as poverty, lack of access to education, and violations of existing laws. The document also discusses Indian laws related to child labour and ways to help stop the practice, such as ensuring access to education, individual action, and support for advocacy organizations.
Health of women is dependent on their social status, their working condition and well-being of their
family. The nature of Occupation and working condition affects health of the labourers. In this context, this
article examines the working condition and its effects on the Women, working at Areca nut Wakari. Wakari is a
place where, large number of labourers engaged in the process of cutting, de-husking, drying and separating
the Areca nut. The process is entirely depending on hand labour, and women are the essential part of this
process. The nature of work, working environment and wages are entirely different from other occupations. This
study was conducted in Sirsi Taluq a Malnad region of Karnataka State India. Areca nut is cultivated in a
larger scale and marketed after processing. Field work was carried out by adopting personal interview method
to study the Health condition of these Women. Further, the effects of working condition and its environment on
their health condition is examined and analyzed. The findings of the study highlighted that, Women labourers
working at wakari had adverse consequences for their health and well-beings. Long working hours resulted in
extreme fatigue and also it becomes difficult for them to find a time to attend to their own health problems.
The document discusses the occupational health issues faced by women workers, particularly in developing countries like India. It notes that women often work "double shifts" between domestic duties and outside employment. Their work is often invisible and undervalued. Women face numerous health risks at work due to factors like poverty, malnutrition, lack of education, and sociocultural norms. Occupational hazards disproportionately impact women due to their reproductive roles and smaller physical stature. comprehensive occupational health programs and data are needed to address the urgent issues faced by women workers.
Kiran Majumdar Shaw is the founder and CEO of Biocon, India's largest biotechnology company. She has had a remarkable career, becoming India's first female master brewer and overcoming gender barriers to build a hugely successful business. She started Biocon in 1978 in the garage of her rented home with just Rs. 10,000 and has grown it into a multi-billion dollar company. Shaw has received many honors and awards for her contributions to biotechnology and empowering women in business. She remains passionate about using her success to help others and make India a global leader in biotechnology.
Despite economic growth, India struggles to provide basic services to its vast poor population. Key issues include:
- Over 40% of rural Indians lack access to safe drinking water. Waterborne diseases like diarrhea are widespread.
- Literacy and education levels remain low, with half of children unable to perform basic literacy and math skills. Rural school infrastructure is often inadequate.
- Agriculture remains the main occupation but is held back by issues like unpredictable monsoons, lack of irrigation, debt, and crop failures which have led to many farmer suicides.
Current Living condition of weavers or handloom weavers in Bangladesh..pptxTanzidAlamTomal1
The document summarizes the findings of a survey conducted about the living conditions of handloom workers in Bangladesh. The key findings are:
- Most workers are older, with 44% over 40 years old and have low levels of education.
- They work long hours (68% working 12 hours a day) and get only 6 hours of sleep on average.
- Their monthly income is very low (52% earn Tk. 11,000-15,000), which is insufficient to support their families.
- Access to healthcare and savings is limited, with 96% having no health insurance and no savings.
- Conditions are challenging, with difficulties affording nutritious food and housing.
The report
Shahina Aftab Foundation--- A chance at lifeNoor Aftab
A global foundation for women where we cater for two kind of women:
1. Bottom of pyramid--- Women that earn less than a dollar a day and are the poorest of the poor. They need money for basic necessities of life. In most cases these women are semi-skilled or unskilled. We are setting up systems to provide these women technical training, allowing them to set up small enterprises. To show case and market their products and to earn. This means the difference between life and death, between having food on their plate or starving and between sending their kids to school or letting them become child labrours.
2. Educated Women---- A growing number of educated skilled women in Pakistan that left job to settle in life. Speaking to thousands of them we find them energetic and ethusatic who have dreams and goals in life. They want to do something with it. To channel their energies in a positive manner to make a difference.
Domestic Workers are less counted labor sector in global and Nepali society. In spite of their presence with more than 150 thousand all over the country, their work is not counted in the national economy, neither they are provided state protection by law and nor their situation have been interrogated seriously. However there are some studies with concentration on child domestic workers, the overall study of domestic workers has not been counted and this study is the first such
kind of study in Nepal.
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2. Women and Work : TheWomen and Work : The
Beedi makers of IndiaBeedi makers of India
Rekha PandeRekha Pande
Department of History,School of Social SciencesDepartment of History,School of Social Sciences
University of HyderabadUniversity of Hyderabad
IndiaIndia
3. The PaperThe Paper
The present paper examines the reality ofThe present paper examines the reality of
gender in the context of human rights, women’sgender in the context of human rights, women’s
work and exploitation.work and exploitation.
We take a specific women’s occupation in aWe take a specific women’s occupation in a
micro enterprise in India, with in the beedimicro enterprise in India, with in the beedi
industry, with a case study.industry, with a case study.
We have taken Nizamabad, in Andhra PradeshWe have taken Nizamabad, in Andhra Pradesh
as a case study, but the reality is same all overas a case study, but the reality is same all over
India, be it Karnataka, Maharashtra, kerala orIndia, be it Karnataka, Maharashtra, kerala or
Tamil Nadu.Tamil Nadu.
4. Women in Unorganized sectorsWomen in Unorganized sectors
India has a labor force of 300 million, majority ofIndia has a labor force of 300 million, majority of
which are women.which are women.
90% of this labor force belongs to unorganized90% of this labor force belongs to unorganized
sectors.sectors.
The number of women workers engaged inThe number of women workers engaged in
unorganized sectors increased from 94% inunorganized sectors increased from 94% in
1971 to 96% in 1991.1971 to 96% in 1991.
Women here continue to be invisible inWomen here continue to be invisible in
economic statistics and are ignored byeconomic statistics and are ignored by
legislators and planners.legislators and planners.
5. Beedi MakersBeedi Makers
Tobacco cultivation, processing andTobacco cultivation, processing and
marketing involves over 30 million peoplemarketing involves over 30 million people
in India.in India.
Among them 90% are farm agriculturalAmong them 90% are farm agricultural
Laborers, beedi rollers, tendu leaf pickers,Laborers, beedi rollers, tendu leaf pickers,
all living in rural India.all living in rural India.
This is the worst of the sweated industriesThis is the worst of the sweated industries
where the employment of women exceedswhere the employment of women exceeds
that of men.that of men.
8. BeediBeedi
Beedi industry is one of the largest in theBeedi industry is one of the largest in the
unorganized sectors.unorganized sectors.
It is mostly made by women and girls sitting atIt is mostly made by women and girls sitting at
home.home.
Beedi making is regarded as women’s workBeedi making is regarded as women’s work
because boys do not make beedis.because boys do not make beedis.
Putting out system through the middle men isPutting out system through the middle men is
common and the workers are piece rate basis.common and the workers are piece rate basis.
For making 1000 beedis women are paidFor making 1000 beedis women are paid
Rs.21 [(About 50 U.S. Cents.)Rs. 49=1$]Rs.21 [(About 50 U.S. Cents.)Rs. 49=1$]
Beedi is an indegenous cigarette in which tobacco is
rolled in a tendu leaf and tied with a cotton thread.
11. The Beedi IndustryThe Beedi Industry
An ILO Survey points out that of 450 million
worth of beedis produced annually only 160
million goes as wages.
Helps employer make huge profits at low costHelps employer make huge profits at low cost
risk and liabilities.risk and liabilities.
Dominated by SC’s, ST’s, OBC’s and MBC’s.Dominated by SC’s, ST’s, OBC’s and MBC’s.
There is a lot of exploitation in this industry.There is a lot of exploitation in this industry.
Yet this is important source of income, forYet this is important source of income, for
women’s earnings constitute on an average 45women’s earnings constitute on an average 45
to 50% of the total income.to 50% of the total income.
12. Organisation of the BeediOrganisation of the Beedi
industryindustry
The factory owner is the principalThe factory owner is the principal
employer who operates through aemployer who operates through a
number of firms.number of firms.
each branch has a specificeach branch has a specific
geographical jurisdiction.geographical jurisdiction.
a branch gets beedis rolled bya branch gets beedis rolled by
workers in the village through aworkers in the village through a
contractor.contractor.
The contractor gives raw material,getsThe contractor gives raw material,gets
the finished product.the finished product.
13. Role of the ContractorRole of the Contractor
The factory owner supplies raw material to theThe factory owner supplies raw material to the
contractor.contractor.
The contractor distributes these to the workers.The contractor distributes these to the workers.
800 grams of tendu leaves and 350 grams of800 grams of tendu leaves and 350 grams of
tobacco is supplied to make 1000 beedis, andtobacco is supplied to make 1000 beedis, and
the contractor can weigh less.the contractor can weigh less.
Hundreds of beedis pour in and these areHundreds of beedis pour in and these are
stacked in trays. At random he picks up two orstacked in trays. At random he picks up two or
three beedis and if they are not to the mark thethree beedis and if they are not to the mark the
whole lot is rejected.whole lot is rejected.
14. Objectives of the surveyObjectives of the survey
Examine the status of the women and child inExamine the status of the women and child in
the beedi industry.the beedi industry.
Analyze socioeconomic background of theAnalyze socioeconomic background of the
household.household.
Evaluate literacy status of mother and girl child.Evaluate literacy status of mother and girl child.
Evaluate the health status of mother and girlEvaluate the health status of mother and girl
child.child.
Suggest remedial measures and policy inputs.Suggest remedial measures and policy inputs.
Recommend social action plan.Recommend social action plan.
A survey was conducted in Nizamabad District in six
villages to :
15. Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
The householdThe household - assessed family size,- assessed family size,
occupation of members, total earnings ofoccupation of members, total earnings of
the household and earning from beedithe household and earning from beedi
making.making.
The motherThe mother - dealt with domestic work,- dealt with domestic work,
education, age of marriage, nutrition andeducation, age of marriage, nutrition and
health status, child feeding practices andhealth status, child feeding practices and
reproductive history.reproductive history.
The child workerThe child worker -assessed literary-assessed literary
status, working conditions, domestic workstatus, working conditions, domestic work
and health status.and health status.
Three questionnaires were administered.
16. Sample and MethodologySample and Methodology
A rural sample of 60% and Urban sample ofA rural sample of 60% and Urban sample of
40%.40%.
Sample of 1000 Households, 1000 womenSample of 1000 Households, 1000 women
and 1000 children.and 1000 children.
Circular random sampling method to selectCircular random sampling method to select
a household.a household.
Random sampling method to select a childRandom sampling method to select a child
worker.worker.
17. Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions
The HouseholdThe Household ::
Families migrated over 15 years-53.2%. AlwaysFamilies migrated over 15 years-53.2%. Always
remembered living here-42.8%, < a year-0.2%,remembered living here-42.8%, < a year-0.2%,
1to 5 years-1.2%, 6to 10years-1.8%.1to 5 years-1.2%, 6to 10years-1.8%.
Majority of fathers ( 33.2%) 31-35 years.Majority of fathers ( 33.2%) 31-35 years.
Majority of mothers ( 41.2%) 26 to 30 years.Majority of mothers ( 41.2%) 26 to 30 years.
62% fathers and 88% mothers were illiterate.62% fathers and 88% mothers were illiterate.
Majority of the fathers were agricultural laborersMajority of the fathers were agricultural laborers
and majority of the mothers were beedi makers.and majority of the mothers were beedi makers.
18. Educational Level of Beedi Makers,Educational Level of Beedi Makers,
both Male and Femaleboth Male and Female
0.5
4.9
87.5
61.9
6.1
0.2 1.5
9.6
4.2 2 0
14.7
0
6.5
0 0.2
Not Alive Illiterate Literate
but no
Formal
Eucation
Primary Middle High
School
College Technical
Diploma
Male Female
20. Caste wise distribution of
House holds
61
31
10
3 1
OBC( Other backward Class) OC( Other Caste)
SC ( Schedule Caste) ST ( Schedule Tribe)
MBC( Most Backward Class)
21. Total Monthly income of theTotal Monthly income of the
HouseholdHousehold
Income Code
( Rs.)
% of House holds
<500 21.4
501 - 750 48.0
751 - 1000 18.0
1001 - 1250 7.5
1251 - 1500 1.4
1501 - 2000 1.5
2001 - 2500 0.8
> 2501 1.4
22. Number of Beedis made byNumber of Beedis made by
the women per daythe women per day
29
27
35
6.6
0.7 1.1
Pecentage
0 to 500 501 to 1000 1001 to 1500
1501 to 2000 2001 to 2500 2500 to 5000
24. The Child WorkerThe Child Worker
Birth order of 66.6% girls- first and 20.1% -Birth order of 66.6% girls- first and 20.1% -
second. So household work and sibling care.second. So household work and sibling care.
the 1000 children, Girls-74.7% and Boys -25.3%.the 1000 children, Girls-74.7% and Boys -25.3%.
65.8% of the girl children were going to school,65.8% of the girl children were going to school,
10.7% were drop outs and 22.8% had never been10.7% were drop outs and 22.8% had never been
to school.to school.
Boys made beedis only if less than 10 years ofBoys made beedis only if less than 10 years of
age. Worked in factory and were involved inage. Worked in factory and were involved in
packaging and transport.packaging and transport.
26. Number of beedis made per day byNumber of beedis made per day by
child workerschild workers
14.823.8
15.6
20.2
9.2
7.8
3.3
5.3
< 100 101 - 150 151- 200 201-250 251-300
301-400 401- 500 Over 500
27. No. of Beedis made by the GirlNo. of Beedis made by the Girl
childchild
% of child
Workers
No. of Beedis
Made
14.8 < 100
23.8 101 - 150
15.6 151 - 200
20.2 201 - 250
9.2 251 - 300
7.8 301 - 400
3.3 401 - 500
5.3 > 500
28. Contribution of the child toContribution of the child to
the Household incomethe Household income
0.8
0.3
0.2
2.7
0.4
95.6
Rs 250 Rs 251-400 Rs 401-500 Rs 501-600
Rs 601-700 Rs 701-800
29. Beedi making and diseaseBeedi making and disease
MotherMother Child WorkerChild Worker
Health hazardHealth hazard YESYES NONO YESYES NONO
Asthma/bronchitisAsthma/bronchitis 21.021.0 79.079.0 14.914.9 85.185.1
Frequent fever/cold/coughFrequent fever/cold/cough 78.278.2 21.821.8 87.887.8 12.212.2
Headache/giddinessHeadache/giddiness 59.459.4 41.641.6 50.250.2 49.849.8
Back ache/body acheBack ache/body ache 69.269.2 30.830.8 30.330.3 69.769.7
Pain in jointsPain in joints 34.434.4 65.665.6 14.414.4 85.685.6
Burning & itching in eyesBurning & itching in eyes 32.032.0 67.867.8 28.328.3 71.771.7
Peeling of skin/discoloring/rashesPeeling of skin/discoloring/rashes 27.927.9 72.172.1 26.026.0 74.074.0
TBTB 10.010.0 90.090.0 8.08.0 92.092.0
CancerCancer 1.71.7 98.198.1 0.30.3 99.799.7
30. Summing UpSumming Up
Beedi making women were young and illiterateBeedi making women were young and illiterate
from landless families.from landless families.
The husbands occupation was irregular andThe husbands occupation was irregular and
earnings minimal and burden of large familiesearnings minimal and burden of large families
fell on women.fell on women.
The girl child assisted the mother after schoolThe girl child assisted the mother after school
or even dropping from school.or even dropping from school.
They did all domestic work and spent nine toThey did all domestic work and spent nine to
ten hours in actual beedi making, besidesten hours in actual beedi making, besides
related activities like getting raw material,related activities like getting raw material,
cutting leaves, soaking them, handing overcutting leaves, soaking them, handing over
finished products.finished products.
31. BackacheBackache
Most of the activities of beedi makingMost of the activities of beedi making
performed in a sitting posture, sitting onperformed in a sitting posture, sitting on
the floor with crossed legs, with right or leftthe floor with crossed legs, with right or left
leg bent at knee or with legs extended.leg bent at knee or with legs extended.
So prolonged sitting with forward trunkSo prolonged sitting with forward trunk
bent led to sustained static construction ofbent led to sustained static construction of
the back muscle.the back muscle.
Severe joint pains and back aches.Severe joint pains and back aches.
32. InterventionIntervention
Women and girls are not in beediWomen and girls are not in beedi
making out of choice, but are glad it ismaking out of choice, but are glad it is
available. In this complex situation noavailable. In this complex situation no
single action can be effective.single action can be effective.
Education and awareness will triggerEducation and awareness will trigger
demands for better conditions of work.demands for better conditions of work.
Time saving , organized health careTime saving , organized health care
facilities.facilities.
Systematic assessment of women’sSystematic assessment of women’s
health.health.
Alternative methods of handlingAlternative methods of handling
tobacco.tobacco.
33. Economic constraint andEconomic constraint and
mother child proximitymother child proximity
Domestic work and nature of work affectedDomestic work and nature of work affected
mother child proximity.mother child proximity.
Many women who dropped out of infant careMany women who dropped out of infant care
during breast feeding belonged to low incomeduring breast feeding belonged to low income
groups.groups.
The choice was between making beedis andThe choice was between making beedis and
survival or the luxury of childcare.survival or the luxury of childcare.
Many women faced severe financial constraintMany women faced severe financial constraint
during two months of breast feeding.during two months of breast feeding.
34. Lack of awarnessLack of awarness
Ignorance about proper weight gain.Ignorance about proper weight gain.
Did not consider burping of any use.Did not consider burping of any use.
Did not know that early weaning could lead toDid not know that early weaning could lead to
secondary lactation failure, gastrointestinalsecondary lactation failure, gastrointestinal
infection and iatrogenic malnutrition.infection and iatrogenic malnutrition.
Undiluted milk regarded as unfit forUndiluted milk regarded as unfit for
consumption.consumption.
Fruit juices were regarded as cold products andFruit juices were regarded as cold products and
were to be avoided.were to be avoided.
No hygiene while breast feeding.No hygiene while breast feeding.
35. Unhealthy Work EnvironmentUnhealthy Work Environment
The odor of the wet leaf and tobacco addThe odor of the wet leaf and tobacco add
to the already poor ventilation.to the already poor ventilation.
After a few years the work becomesAfter a few years the work becomes
monotonous with out any creativity.monotonous with out any creativity.
Women cannot take their eyes off for aWomen cannot take their eyes off for a
minute, and this takes a heavy toll onminute, and this takes a heavy toll on
eyesight.eyesight.
Confined to dark, small and closed space of
hut or workshop.
36. Tobacco DustTobacco Dust
Continuous exposure of tobacco dustContinuous exposure of tobacco dust
led toled to burning of the eyes,conjunctivitis,burning of the eyes,conjunctivitis,
rhinitis, mucous dryness and bronchitis.rhinitis, mucous dryness and bronchitis.
Higher absorption of nicotine which damagedHigher absorption of nicotine which damaged
the respiratory, circulatory and reproductivethe respiratory, circulatory and reproductive
system in the long run.system in the long run.
Skin rashes and yellowing of the skin andSkin rashes and yellowing of the skin and
peeling of the skin due to handling ofpeeling of the skin due to handling of
tobacco.tobacco.
37. Reproductive ProblemsReproductive Problems
Women suffered many problems like abortions,Women suffered many problems like abortions,
still births and reproductive tract infections.still births and reproductive tract infections.
Many women complained of prolonged laborMany women complained of prolonged labor
when compared to women who worked aswhen compared to women who worked as
agricultural laborers.agricultural laborers.
Since they were seated most of the time, noSince they were seated most of the time, no
circulation of blood in their thighs or legs andcirculation of blood in their thighs or legs and
hence complicated delivery.hence complicated delivery.
38. Attitude towards HealthAttitude towards Health
Regarded beedi making largely responsible forRegarded beedi making largely responsible for
minor ailments like headache, giddiness, bodyminor ailments like headache, giddiness, body
ache, peeling of skin.ache, peeling of skin.
These were “Minor ailments”, for it only causedThese were “Minor ailments”, for it only caused
irritation and discomfort and never came in theirritation and discomfort and never came in the
way of beedi making.way of beedi making.
Did not regard beedi making leading to asthma,Did not regard beedi making leading to asthma,
bronchitis, T.B. or Cancer, and these werebronchitis, T.B. or Cancer, and these were
serious for one was laid in bed and could notserious for one was laid in bed and could not
work.work.
39. Beedi maker and exploitationBeedi maker and exploitation
In the case of beedi makers the exploitation isIn the case of beedi makers the exploitation is
rooted in class, caste and sexist nature ofrooted in class, caste and sexist nature of
society.society.
Living in a male dominated society, where theLiving in a male dominated society, where the
manufacturer, the contractor, the consumer ofmanufacturer, the contractor, the consumer of
the product are all male and only the actualthe product are all male and only the actual
worker is female.worker is female.
Performing domestic tasks these women workPerforming domestic tasks these women work
fourteen to fifteen hours for a pittance.fourteen to fifteen hours for a pittance.
They have a low image and internalize many ofThey have a low image and internalize many of
the values, passing it on to their daughters.the values, passing it on to their daughters.
40. ConclusionConclusion
Human Rights and Health cannot be isolatedHuman Rights and Health cannot be isolated
from class, caste and gender.from class, caste and gender.
Human Rights has to be understood in theHuman Rights has to be understood in the
context of the socio-economic system which iscontext of the socio-economic system which is
exploitative in the case of beedi worker.exploitative in the case of beedi worker.
Improvement in health conditions should dealImprovement in health conditions should deal
primarily with improvement in quality of life.primarily with improvement in quality of life.
Health programs should have linkages withHealth programs should have linkages with
programs for protected water supply,programs for protected water supply,
environment, sanitation.environment, sanitation.
Better work environment needed.Better work environment needed.