This presentation focuses on, Bangle making, Agarbatti (incense stick) making. Beedi Making.Trades in the Old City of Hyderabad, India—which can be characterised as home based work in the Informal sector.
Challenges of entrepreneurship development in rural area and business educationPrashant Arsul
The majority of the population lives in villages, the village is the back bone of the country and village industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is not only important as a means of generating employment opportunities in the rural areas with low capital cost and raising the real income of the people, but also its contribution to the development of agriculture and urban industries. Rural entrepreneurship can be considered one of the solutions to reduce poverty, migration, economic disparity, unemployment and develop rural areas and backward regions.
The document discusses the importance of rural industrialization and entrepreneurship in India. It notes that over 70% of Indians live in rural areas and are dependent on agriculture for livelihood. Rural industries are important for generating local employment and utilizing resources. Some key types of rural industries mentioned include agro-based, forest-based, textiles, handicrafts, and services. Factors like low investment, use of traditional skills, and local raw materials make rural industries suitable. However, lack of infrastructure, financing, and skills pose challenges for rural entrepreneurship development.
This document discusses rural entrepreneurship in India. It provides an introduction on the importance of rural entrepreneurship and self-employment opportunities. It then defines rural entrepreneurship and lists various industries under the purview of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), including agro-based, textile, and service industries. The document also discusses advantages of rural industrialization, challenges, and recommendations to boost rural entrepreneurship through poverty alleviation programs and training. It provides examples of several famous rural entrepreneurs in India.
Indians without Borders - The Indian diaspora can create tremendous value for...Parth Tewari
Thousands of people will gather in Delhi on 9 January 2003, to discuss the potential of a global community of Indians, to rejuvenate the bonds among overseas Indians, and to sensitize India about their issues and concerns. This is likely to be a terrific event. Yet, after the music is over and the speeches are made, after the awards are presented and friends united, there will remain the question that will only be answered one transaction at a time in the years to come: What is the economic and social basis for a sustainable partnership between India and its diaspora, and for a valuable network amongst the diaspora?
Economists believe that Indian GDP growth of 10 percent per year will require an increase in annual investment from 24 percent of GDP to 30 percent of GDP, and a doubling of labor and capital productivity. The Indian diaspora can help close India’s investment gap, raise productivity, and can also contribute in a number of other ways that make it a significant partner in India’s development. This paper lays out a framework for exploring the role of the Indian diaspora in India and independent of India.
The first chapter demonstrates that the diaspora wields commercial and social influence from its rising prosperity, its business and technical skills, its willingness to invest in India, as well as the value the network itself generates for its members. The diaspora, which is often considered a liability, a ‘Brain Drain’, is in fact a severely underutilized asset; it is a ‘Brain Trust’, to be leveraged.
The second chapter discusses how overseas Indians believe they can contribute to India’s development. They hope that India will welcome their involvement and recognize that they can be important contributors to India’s growth. The diaspora can and has already begun to partner with India in several ways: as investor, customer, supplier, ambassador, and philanthropist.
The third chapter argues that cultivating a partnership with the diaspora requires an ‘enabling environment’, i.e., creating a virtuous cycle that includes clear-headed economic, trade, and foreign policy; availability of labor, capital, technology, and business infrastructure; effective and efficient legal recourse; and demonstrable progress in quality of life. Although several efforts to develop partnerships with, and among, the diaspora are already underway, strong leaders, a win-win mindset, and sustained implementation can significantly accelerate growth.
The Indian diaspora has been the most effective window to promote India and its rich heritage to the world. Whether India will know how to transform the skilled component of the Indian diaspora's geographically-spread skills into a “Great Off-White Hope” for the new century; is a big question.
The major problems that have been identified are, poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, homelessness and crime and violence. Poverty is the condition, when the individuals experience scarcity of resources that are necessary to sustain their living conditions appropriately in my slide we can learn more about this
Content:
About Fashion
Features of Fashion
Consciousness about fashion
Factors affecting Bangladeshi fashion
Positive impacts of BD fashion
Negative impacts of BD fashion
Challenges of entrepreneurship development in rural area and business educationPrashant Arsul
The majority of the population lives in villages, the village is the back bone of the country and village industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is not only important as a means of generating employment opportunities in the rural areas with low capital cost and raising the real income of the people, but also its contribution to the development of agriculture and urban industries. Rural entrepreneurship can be considered one of the solutions to reduce poverty, migration, economic disparity, unemployment and develop rural areas and backward regions.
The document discusses the importance of rural industrialization and entrepreneurship in India. It notes that over 70% of Indians live in rural areas and are dependent on agriculture for livelihood. Rural industries are important for generating local employment and utilizing resources. Some key types of rural industries mentioned include agro-based, forest-based, textiles, handicrafts, and services. Factors like low investment, use of traditional skills, and local raw materials make rural industries suitable. However, lack of infrastructure, financing, and skills pose challenges for rural entrepreneurship development.
This document discusses rural entrepreneurship in India. It provides an introduction on the importance of rural entrepreneurship and self-employment opportunities. It then defines rural entrepreneurship and lists various industries under the purview of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), including agro-based, textile, and service industries. The document also discusses advantages of rural industrialization, challenges, and recommendations to boost rural entrepreneurship through poverty alleviation programs and training. It provides examples of several famous rural entrepreneurs in India.
Indians without Borders - The Indian diaspora can create tremendous value for...Parth Tewari
Thousands of people will gather in Delhi on 9 January 2003, to discuss the potential of a global community of Indians, to rejuvenate the bonds among overseas Indians, and to sensitize India about their issues and concerns. This is likely to be a terrific event. Yet, after the music is over and the speeches are made, after the awards are presented and friends united, there will remain the question that will only be answered one transaction at a time in the years to come: What is the economic and social basis for a sustainable partnership between India and its diaspora, and for a valuable network amongst the diaspora?
Economists believe that Indian GDP growth of 10 percent per year will require an increase in annual investment from 24 percent of GDP to 30 percent of GDP, and a doubling of labor and capital productivity. The Indian diaspora can help close India’s investment gap, raise productivity, and can also contribute in a number of other ways that make it a significant partner in India’s development. This paper lays out a framework for exploring the role of the Indian diaspora in India and independent of India.
The first chapter demonstrates that the diaspora wields commercial and social influence from its rising prosperity, its business and technical skills, its willingness to invest in India, as well as the value the network itself generates for its members. The diaspora, which is often considered a liability, a ‘Brain Drain’, is in fact a severely underutilized asset; it is a ‘Brain Trust’, to be leveraged.
The second chapter discusses how overseas Indians believe they can contribute to India’s development. They hope that India will welcome their involvement and recognize that they can be important contributors to India’s growth. The diaspora can and has already begun to partner with India in several ways: as investor, customer, supplier, ambassador, and philanthropist.
The third chapter argues that cultivating a partnership with the diaspora requires an ‘enabling environment’, i.e., creating a virtuous cycle that includes clear-headed economic, trade, and foreign policy; availability of labor, capital, technology, and business infrastructure; effective and efficient legal recourse; and demonstrable progress in quality of life. Although several efforts to develop partnerships with, and among, the diaspora are already underway, strong leaders, a win-win mindset, and sustained implementation can significantly accelerate growth.
The Indian diaspora has been the most effective window to promote India and its rich heritage to the world. Whether India will know how to transform the skilled component of the Indian diaspora's geographically-spread skills into a “Great Off-White Hope” for the new century; is a big question.
The major problems that have been identified are, poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, homelessness and crime and violence. Poverty is the condition, when the individuals experience scarcity of resources that are necessary to sustain their living conditions appropriately in my slide we can learn more about this
Content:
About Fashion
Features of Fashion
Consciousness about fashion
Factors affecting Bangladeshi fashion
Positive impacts of BD fashion
Negative impacts of BD fashion
Basics of business nature and factors of production4Shweta Iyer
This document discusses the nature and factors of production in the fashion industry. It defines production as the creation of goods and services to satisfy human wants. There are three main levels of production: traditional/subsistence, domestic/local, and surplus/export. The factors of production that support these levels are natural resources (land), human resources (labor and entrepreneurship), and man-made resources (capital). The document also examines different categories of fashion production like couture, ready-to-wear, and mass production. It analyzes domestic and offshore sourcing methods and current issues faced in both.
1) Cultural diplomacy involves using cultural exchanges like the arts, education, and media to influence foreign audiences and achieve diplomatic goals. It is considered a "soft power" approach.
2) India uses cultural diplomacy tools like Indian cultural centers abroad, cultural agreements with other countries, festivals of India abroad, and educational scholarships to project Indian culture and build relationships.
3) The large and influential Indian diaspora community helps strengthen India's cultural diplomacy through business and community ties to their homelands. Events like Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas aim to engage the diaspora in India's development.
Rural entrepreneurship aims to generate employment opportunities in rural areas through sustainable non-farm sector industries. This can help address issues of poverty, unemployment, and migration from rural to urban areas by providing jobs and supplementing agricultural activities. However, rural entrepreneurship faces challenges like lack of access to credit, outdated technology, poor infrastructure, and lack of awareness about entrepreneurship opportunities. Promoting rural industries through measures like providing raw materials and finance, marketing support, training programs, and encouraging NGO participation can help develop rural entrepreneurship.
Rural artisans play an important role in village life through repairs and maintenance. They comprise various craftspeople like blacksmiths, weavers, potters, and more. However, rural artisans face many challenges including lack of skills upgrading, indebtedness, poor infrastructure, and more. Several government schemes aim to help rural artisans by providing credit, training, marketing support, and more. While globalization has opened new opportunities, many forms of handicrafts still face extinction due to challenges for artisans to benefit economically from their skills.
Dear Members,
The 9th issue of “DNote Xpress” is here.
In this issue “Revival of Crafts through CSR”
• Fiinovation & CII help Bridge the Gap
• Dastkar – Safeguarding Heritage
• Revival of Crafts through CSR
• Indian Craft Villages
• Fiinobservation of International Days
Find out what's new on the 9th edition of our newsletter
Fiinovation | www.fiinovation.co.in
ATTACKING NARENDRAMODIJI- A THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITYSanjay Menon
ATTACKING NARENDRAMODI JI IS A THREAT OT NATIONAL SECURITY IN INDIA. WE HAVE SO MANY THREATS-ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION OF MUSLIMS- CORRUPTED POLITICAL SYSTEM- SUPPRESSION HINDU VOICE IN INDIA BY MARXIST PARTY
India before 1991 had a mixed economy with heavy government intervention and regulation. The economy was largely closed off from the outside world with high tariffs and restrictions. Despite these policies, economic growth was slow with high inflation. In 1991, a balance of payments crisis forced major economic reforms known as the New Economic Policy which liberalized trade and investment and opened India up to foreign competition and investment, leading to significantly higher growth. Globalization has had mixed effects on different sectors - increasing opportunities in some areas but also environmental issues and job losses in others. It has also led to significant social and cultural changes in India through increased consumerism, westernization, and urbanization. However, critics argue that globalization benefits developed countries more and can exploit
Rural development aims to improve the economic and social lives of rural communities through collective efforts between rural people and government authorities. It is a process of change that enables rural communities to fully contribute to national programs and improve their conditions. Rural development faces challenges including poor infrastructure, understanding diverse rural consumer mindsets, high promotion costs due to distance and dispersion, and lack of competence among urban-based marketing staff.
The document discusses the rural FMCG sector in India. It provides definitions of rural areas and outlines the importance of rural marketing due to the large rural population size and lower costs. Key challenges in rural marketing are also discussed. Several major FMCG companies operating in India, such as ITC, Amul, Dabur, HUL, are highlighted for their rural development initiatives focused on areas like agriculture, sanitation, skill development and access to information. The future of the rural FMCG sector is promising with rising incomes and the sector is expected to reach $100-220 billion by 2025 aided by e-commerce growth.
The document provides a history of entrepreneurship in India from ancient times to the present. It discusses how entrepreneurship developed in India through various eras, including the Indus Valley civilization, Maurya Empire, Gupta Era, Mughal Empire, British colonial period, and post-Independence period. It also profiles some prominent Indian entrepreneurs from different historical periods and discusses how entrepreneurship in India has evolved over time, with modern entrepreneurs taking on roles as wealth creators, change agents, and communicators operating globally in today's digital age.
Retail Marketing Management and distribution channels.pptxShantilal Hajeri
The document discusses retail management in India. It provides guidelines for an interactive live session on the topic. The session will cover 6 units on retail management over 6 lectures. Unit 4 focuses on retailing in India, including its evolution, current size and evaluation, drivers of change, and foreign direct investment. Key points are made about the growing retail industry in India in terms of market size, employment, and organized vs unorganized segments. Drivers of change include economic growth, urbanization, technology adoption, and evolving consumer preferences. Government policies have also impacted the industry through foreign investment liberalization.
This document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It discusses the evolution of rural marketing from the 1960s to present day, characteristics of rural markets, importance and scope of rural marketing, differences between rural and urban consumers, factors influencing rural consumer behavior, and rural consumer tastes compared to urban tastes. Key points include that 75% of India's population lives in rural areas, rural markets have high growth potential, environmental, personal, psychological, cultural and social factors all influence rural consumer behavior, and rural consumers prefer bold colors and entertainment like folk performances compared to urban preferences.
The document discusses opportunities for growth in India's home textiles market. It notes that India's population is over 1 billion with a large and growing middle class. Retail is evolving from small shops to organized retailers and malls. Home textiles was previously seen as a commodity but consumers now want coordinated bedroom solutions and perceive brands as reflecting prestige. The organized retail boom is changing industry dynamics and represents significant business opportunities for home textiles companies to penetrate the market.
India has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization in recent decades. It has the second largest population in the world, with over 1.2 billion people, and a rapidly growing middle class. Some of India's key industries are information technology, pharmaceuticals, automobiles and business process outsourcing. The government is working to expand infrastructure like roads, ports and electricity to support further economic development and reduce regional disparities. While economic prospects are positive, India still faces challenges of poverty, unemployment and other social issues.
The document provides a SWOT analysis of the Indian textiles and clothing industry and discusses changing lifestyles of Indian consumers. It analyzes the industry's strengths such as a strong cotton base and labor supply, as well as weaknesses like high costs and fragmentation. Opportunities include a growing domestic market and understanding global buyers' needs. Threats include currency appreciation and enhanced competition. It also outlines eight trends in Indian consumers' aspirations, including seeking value, social consciousness, status symbols, security products, and fringe benefits from brands.
Hindusthan Lever had a challenge with the competitors in Rural India. They devised a strategy to enter the market at the grass root level and utilize the entrepreneurial woman. Based on perceptions, there are some ethical questions. This case looks at the strategies on how to capture the emerging markets and work at the grass root level with the consumer behaviors. Not only understand the consumer behavior, but introduce the need and also the products to the consumers who NEVER used any product in that area.
This presentation discusses women entrepreneurship in small scale and cottage industries in India. It begins with introducing small scale industries and defining women entrepreneurs. It then discusses the importance of self-help groups for rural women entrepreneurs and the advantages of entrepreneurship, such as economic empowerment. A success story of a self-help group involved in sericulture is provided as an example. The presentation concludes that increased participation of women entrepreneurs is important for women's empowerment and rural development, and that self-help groups and government support can help strengthen women's entrepreneurial capacities.
Demography:- Is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race occupation, and other statistics.
Demography is very important because it involves people, and people make up markets.
The word population is growing at an explosive rate. This population explosion has been of major concern to governments and various groups.
Factors affecting entrepreneurial growth in India include economic, social, and political issues. On the economic side, a lack of infrastructure, access to capital, quality labor, and raw materials all inhibit growth. Socially, India's caste system and family backgrounds have influenced entrepreneurship, as have its education system and cultural values. The government also provides insufficient facilities and incentives for entrepreneurs. Overcoming these challenges would help promote more entrepreneurship in India.
Rural development is focused on developing rural areas that are lagging in overall development. It includes improving literacy, education, health, infrastructure like roads and electricity, land reforms, poverty alleviation, and increasing productivity and income opportunities through agriculture, non-farm activities, and access to markets and credit. While India's banking system has expanded rural credit access, many farmers still rely on moneylenders due to inadequate and unsustainable credit from formal institutions. Self-help groups aim to address this by promoting thrift and providing loans at reasonable rates to members. However, issues remain around loan repayment and ensuring credit is used productively.
This document discusses poverty in India. It begins by defining poverty and then discusses the extent and causes of poverty in both rural and urban India. In rural India, about two-thirds of people live below the poverty line, with lack of capital, literacy, large family sizes, and lack of employment opportunities driving poverty. In urban areas, poverty is driven by rapid population growth, lack of jobs, and lack of housing. The document also outlines government initiatives to address poverty and recommends expanding employment, financial access, education, and social security to reduce poverty in India.
Basics of business nature and factors of production4Shweta Iyer
This document discusses the nature and factors of production in the fashion industry. It defines production as the creation of goods and services to satisfy human wants. There are three main levels of production: traditional/subsistence, domestic/local, and surplus/export. The factors of production that support these levels are natural resources (land), human resources (labor and entrepreneurship), and man-made resources (capital). The document also examines different categories of fashion production like couture, ready-to-wear, and mass production. It analyzes domestic and offshore sourcing methods and current issues faced in both.
1) Cultural diplomacy involves using cultural exchanges like the arts, education, and media to influence foreign audiences and achieve diplomatic goals. It is considered a "soft power" approach.
2) India uses cultural diplomacy tools like Indian cultural centers abroad, cultural agreements with other countries, festivals of India abroad, and educational scholarships to project Indian culture and build relationships.
3) The large and influential Indian diaspora community helps strengthen India's cultural diplomacy through business and community ties to their homelands. Events like Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas aim to engage the diaspora in India's development.
Rural entrepreneurship aims to generate employment opportunities in rural areas through sustainable non-farm sector industries. This can help address issues of poverty, unemployment, and migration from rural to urban areas by providing jobs and supplementing agricultural activities. However, rural entrepreneurship faces challenges like lack of access to credit, outdated technology, poor infrastructure, and lack of awareness about entrepreneurship opportunities. Promoting rural industries through measures like providing raw materials and finance, marketing support, training programs, and encouraging NGO participation can help develop rural entrepreneurship.
Rural artisans play an important role in village life through repairs and maintenance. They comprise various craftspeople like blacksmiths, weavers, potters, and more. However, rural artisans face many challenges including lack of skills upgrading, indebtedness, poor infrastructure, and more. Several government schemes aim to help rural artisans by providing credit, training, marketing support, and more. While globalization has opened new opportunities, many forms of handicrafts still face extinction due to challenges for artisans to benefit economically from their skills.
Dear Members,
The 9th issue of “DNote Xpress” is here.
In this issue “Revival of Crafts through CSR”
• Fiinovation & CII help Bridge the Gap
• Dastkar – Safeguarding Heritage
• Revival of Crafts through CSR
• Indian Craft Villages
• Fiinobservation of International Days
Find out what's new on the 9th edition of our newsletter
Fiinovation | www.fiinovation.co.in
ATTACKING NARENDRAMODIJI- A THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITYSanjay Menon
ATTACKING NARENDRAMODI JI IS A THREAT OT NATIONAL SECURITY IN INDIA. WE HAVE SO MANY THREATS-ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION OF MUSLIMS- CORRUPTED POLITICAL SYSTEM- SUPPRESSION HINDU VOICE IN INDIA BY MARXIST PARTY
India before 1991 had a mixed economy with heavy government intervention and regulation. The economy was largely closed off from the outside world with high tariffs and restrictions. Despite these policies, economic growth was slow with high inflation. In 1991, a balance of payments crisis forced major economic reforms known as the New Economic Policy which liberalized trade and investment and opened India up to foreign competition and investment, leading to significantly higher growth. Globalization has had mixed effects on different sectors - increasing opportunities in some areas but also environmental issues and job losses in others. It has also led to significant social and cultural changes in India through increased consumerism, westernization, and urbanization. However, critics argue that globalization benefits developed countries more and can exploit
Rural development aims to improve the economic and social lives of rural communities through collective efforts between rural people and government authorities. It is a process of change that enables rural communities to fully contribute to national programs and improve their conditions. Rural development faces challenges including poor infrastructure, understanding diverse rural consumer mindsets, high promotion costs due to distance and dispersion, and lack of competence among urban-based marketing staff.
The document discusses the rural FMCG sector in India. It provides definitions of rural areas and outlines the importance of rural marketing due to the large rural population size and lower costs. Key challenges in rural marketing are also discussed. Several major FMCG companies operating in India, such as ITC, Amul, Dabur, HUL, are highlighted for their rural development initiatives focused on areas like agriculture, sanitation, skill development and access to information. The future of the rural FMCG sector is promising with rising incomes and the sector is expected to reach $100-220 billion by 2025 aided by e-commerce growth.
The document provides a history of entrepreneurship in India from ancient times to the present. It discusses how entrepreneurship developed in India through various eras, including the Indus Valley civilization, Maurya Empire, Gupta Era, Mughal Empire, British colonial period, and post-Independence period. It also profiles some prominent Indian entrepreneurs from different historical periods and discusses how entrepreneurship in India has evolved over time, with modern entrepreneurs taking on roles as wealth creators, change agents, and communicators operating globally in today's digital age.
Retail Marketing Management and distribution channels.pptxShantilal Hajeri
The document discusses retail management in India. It provides guidelines for an interactive live session on the topic. The session will cover 6 units on retail management over 6 lectures. Unit 4 focuses on retailing in India, including its evolution, current size and evaluation, drivers of change, and foreign direct investment. Key points are made about the growing retail industry in India in terms of market size, employment, and organized vs unorganized segments. Drivers of change include economic growth, urbanization, technology adoption, and evolving consumer preferences. Government policies have also impacted the industry through foreign investment liberalization.
This document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It discusses the evolution of rural marketing from the 1960s to present day, characteristics of rural markets, importance and scope of rural marketing, differences between rural and urban consumers, factors influencing rural consumer behavior, and rural consumer tastes compared to urban tastes. Key points include that 75% of India's population lives in rural areas, rural markets have high growth potential, environmental, personal, psychological, cultural and social factors all influence rural consumer behavior, and rural consumers prefer bold colors and entertainment like folk performances compared to urban preferences.
The document discusses opportunities for growth in India's home textiles market. It notes that India's population is over 1 billion with a large and growing middle class. Retail is evolving from small shops to organized retailers and malls. Home textiles was previously seen as a commodity but consumers now want coordinated bedroom solutions and perceive brands as reflecting prestige. The organized retail boom is changing industry dynamics and represents significant business opportunities for home textiles companies to penetrate the market.
India has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization in recent decades. It has the second largest population in the world, with over 1.2 billion people, and a rapidly growing middle class. Some of India's key industries are information technology, pharmaceuticals, automobiles and business process outsourcing. The government is working to expand infrastructure like roads, ports and electricity to support further economic development and reduce regional disparities. While economic prospects are positive, India still faces challenges of poverty, unemployment and other social issues.
The document provides a SWOT analysis of the Indian textiles and clothing industry and discusses changing lifestyles of Indian consumers. It analyzes the industry's strengths such as a strong cotton base and labor supply, as well as weaknesses like high costs and fragmentation. Opportunities include a growing domestic market and understanding global buyers' needs. Threats include currency appreciation and enhanced competition. It also outlines eight trends in Indian consumers' aspirations, including seeking value, social consciousness, status symbols, security products, and fringe benefits from brands.
Hindusthan Lever had a challenge with the competitors in Rural India. They devised a strategy to enter the market at the grass root level and utilize the entrepreneurial woman. Based on perceptions, there are some ethical questions. This case looks at the strategies on how to capture the emerging markets and work at the grass root level with the consumer behaviors. Not only understand the consumer behavior, but introduce the need and also the products to the consumers who NEVER used any product in that area.
This presentation discusses women entrepreneurship in small scale and cottage industries in India. It begins with introducing small scale industries and defining women entrepreneurs. It then discusses the importance of self-help groups for rural women entrepreneurs and the advantages of entrepreneurship, such as economic empowerment. A success story of a self-help group involved in sericulture is provided as an example. The presentation concludes that increased participation of women entrepreneurs is important for women's empowerment and rural development, and that self-help groups and government support can help strengthen women's entrepreneurial capacities.
Demography:- Is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race occupation, and other statistics.
Demography is very important because it involves people, and people make up markets.
The word population is growing at an explosive rate. This population explosion has been of major concern to governments and various groups.
Factors affecting entrepreneurial growth in India include economic, social, and political issues. On the economic side, a lack of infrastructure, access to capital, quality labor, and raw materials all inhibit growth. Socially, India's caste system and family backgrounds have influenced entrepreneurship, as have its education system and cultural values. The government also provides insufficient facilities and incentives for entrepreneurs. Overcoming these challenges would help promote more entrepreneurship in India.
Rural development is focused on developing rural areas that are lagging in overall development. It includes improving literacy, education, health, infrastructure like roads and electricity, land reforms, poverty alleviation, and increasing productivity and income opportunities through agriculture, non-farm activities, and access to markets and credit. While India's banking system has expanded rural credit access, many farmers still rely on moneylenders due to inadequate and unsustainable credit from formal institutions. Self-help groups aim to address this by promoting thrift and providing loans at reasonable rates to members. However, issues remain around loan repayment and ensuring credit is used productively.
This document discusses poverty in India. It begins by defining poverty and then discusses the extent and causes of poverty in both rural and urban India. In rural India, about two-thirds of people live below the poverty line, with lack of capital, literacy, large family sizes, and lack of employment opportunities driving poverty. In urban areas, poverty is driven by rapid population growth, lack of jobs, and lack of housing. The document also outlines government initiatives to address poverty and recommends expanding employment, financial access, education, and social security to reduce poverty in India.
The document discusses the business environment and its various components. It describes the internal environment including resources, objectives, and management. It also analyzes the external/macro environment including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Specific examples are provided to illustrate how these environmental factors impact business decisions and operations in areas like product offerings, market entry, and agricultural practices.
This document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It discusses the evolution of rural marketing from primarily agricultural marketing to a broader market encompassing consumer goods and services. Key characteristics of rural markets include a large population, low literacy rates, traditional outlooks, and inadequate infrastructure. The rural consumer base is diverse with varying economic statuses. While rural markets face challenges such as understanding consumer needs and low incomes, they also provide great potential given the size of the population and rising prosperity in recent decades.
This document provides an overview of rural and agricultural marketing modules and references. It discusses 7 modules covering rural marketing and agricultural marketing with a total of 7 modules and 40 sessions of 60 minutes each. It also lists 2 references on rural marketing. The document then provides details on the rural market in India including population statistics, number of villages, literacy rates, occupation breakdown and more. It discusses the promising potential of rural India as a market and various companies that have entered rural India. It also outlines taxonomy of rural markets and provides several case studies on rural marketing initiatives.
The document discusses cultural values in villages and how reviving them can bring villagers closer together. It notes that villagers in the past focused more on moral and social values and community unity, but that with urban migration some of these values are being lost. It suggests some ideas for activities that can help recreate cultural norms and a sense of togetherness, such as celebrating traditional festivals or engaging in communal tasks like wheat cutting. Overall it advocates for finding ways to revive cultural traditions and communal aspects in villages that may be declining due to urban influences.
The potential for luxury sector in India is enormous and this sector is set to continue to grow significantly. Is India the new growth driver for the luxury sector ? The "India Luxury Summit" was the occasion to discuss about the opportunities and challenges of the sector. ( Nicolas Ribollet )
Similar to Women and childrens_work_in_the_unorgani (20)
Women and work-_the_beedi_makers_of_indiRekha Pande
The present paper examines the reality of gender in the context of human rights, women’s work and exploitation.
We take a specific women’s occupation in a micro enterprise in India, with in the beedi industry, with a case study.
We have taken Nizamabad, in Andhra Pradesh as a case study, but the reality is same all over India, be it Karnataka, Maharashtra, kerala or Tamil Nadu.
Women in hyderabad_state-_a_historical_aRekha Pande
This presentation focuses on three periodsThe Formative period, 1724 – 1857 ( The first four Nizams)
The transitional phase : the period of reform, 1857 – 1883 ( Asaf Jah V and VI)
The The new women : On the threshold of modernity – 1884 – 1948 ( Asaf jah VI and VII)
The present paper focuses ( Eunuch’s) involved in sex work, with a case study from Hyderabad and Secunderabad.
We analyze the lives of fifty Hijra’s involved in sex work and look at the physical, emotional and psychological violence faced by them in the day to day life. The focus of the paper is to summarize the various issues faced by Hijra’s by using the social exclusion framework and highlight the relation between this exclusion and vulnerability. We conclude by showing how the Hijra identity is rooted in a multiplicity of social differences and that their sexual identities are fluid, shifting.The lived experiences and narratives of the Hijra’s shows that just being a eunuch is enough for the kind of violence that they face in their day to day lives.
The document discusses gender issues facing South Asia in the new millennium. It notes that while the region has experienced high economic growth in recent decades, poverty, illiteracy and large populations remain problems. Family structures are traditionally patriarchal and influence social challenges like the declining female to male sex ratio, early marriage, and gender violence. Other issues include high dropout rates among girls in school, child labor, and trafficking exacerbated by globalization's unequal effects. The document calls for a new approach to supporting families based on equality rather than power imbalances between genders.
A womens movement_-the_anti_arrack_movemRekha Pande
The document summarizes a presentation about the anti-arrack movement in India led by women. It discusses how (1) the women's movement began as a social reform effort in the 19th century and grew in response to lack of improvement in women's status after independence, (2) the anti-arrack movement specifically targeted liquor made from molasses that was fueling alcoholism, domestic violence, and corruption, and (3) through literacy programs, protests, and roadblocks, women successfully pressured the government to ban arrack in 1993, though prohibition policies were later reversed due to economic and political pressures.
Globalizing india the_sunshine_sector_an (1)Rekha Pande
The document discusses a case study of call centers in Hyderabad, India. It summarizes the development of the IT sector and call center industry in India and Andhra Pradesh. The study examines 75 women working in call centers through interviews. It finds that while call center jobs provide higher wages than other options, the work involves intensive voice modulation training to remove regional accents and contractual work brings lack of job security. Overall, the call center industry presents both opportunities and complex issues around women's agency and working conditions.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
3. Developing World and
Liberalization
• The economies of the developing world are moving
towards liberalization and free markets.
• The ideology and the guiding dialogues in the global
world is the movement towards capitalism.
• The free play of markets, liberalization, privatization
and competition have become the key words in the
path towards globalization.
• This is followed by the withdrawal of the state from
more and more welfare oriented activities
4. India and the New
Economic Policy
• India adopted the New Economic Policy in
1991.
• The World Bank gave substantial loans to tide
over the crisis.
• The human development in India prior to this
was characterized by low levels of attainment
and sharp regional and gender disparities.
5. Poverty and income disparity
• As the global opportunities continue to
be unevenly distributed, the
consequence is, poverty.
• The worst hit in this transformation is
the unorganized sector, which is already
marked with income disparity and
dominated by the poor and under
privileged and women.
6. Women and Informal
sector
• Like most South Asian countries, India is
characterised by the involvement of a large
proportion of the population, primarily women, in the
informal labour sectors.
• Many of these are home based workers whose
difficulties are exacerbated by very low wages,
involuntary migration, the need to enter into other
allied activities, and poverty.
• Women in this sector who carry the double burden
of poverty and discrimination.
7. Women in Unorganized
sectors
• India has a labor force of 300 million, majority of
which are women.
• 90% of this labor force belongs to unorganized
sectors.
• The number of women workers engaged in
unorganized sectors increased from 94% in
1971 to 96% in 1991.
• Women here continue to be invisible in
economic statistics and are ignored by
legislators and planners.
8. Different trades
• Bangle making.
• Agarbatti (incense stick) making.
• Beedi Making.
• Trades in the Old City of Hyderabad, India—which
can be characterised as home based work in the
Informal sector.
9. More women in
unorganised sectors
• This sector is
characterised by ease of
entry, reliance on
indigenous sources,
family ownership of
enterprises, small scale of
operation, intensive
labour and adapted
technology, workers with
skills acquired outside
the formal school system,
and an unregulated and
competitive market.
10. Casulisation
• Many women working in this sector suffer from a
lack of opportunity to work, low and
discriminatory wages, and exploitative
conditions resulting in casualisation.
• They further lack social security, face
occupational health hazards, and do not have
access to new technologies, skills or knowledge.
• Though not a homogeneous group by way of
caste, class or economic activity, deprivation
and discrimination are common factors
experienced by all workers in this sector.
11. Global Gender Gap
Report
The Switzerland-based World
Economic Forum (WEF) has
placed India in 112th
position, in a list of 134
countries, in its latest report
‘Global Gender Gap Index
2010’.
The report measures equity
in four fundamental areas --
economic participation and
opportunity, educational
attainment, health and
survival, and political
empowerment.
12. Problems women face
• Women who carry the
double burden of
poverty and
discrimination.
• Migration and entry
into other allied
activities leads to rural
poverty.
• Globalization, has
complicated the issue.
13. Contribution of the
informal sector
• Estimates of the size, contribution, and composition
of the informal sector vary widely according to the
size of enterprises considered, the inclusion or
otherwise of agriculture, and the degree of women's
informal work included in calculations.
• In India, the term 'informal sector' does not appear in
official statistics nor in the National Accounts
Statistics (NAS).
• The terms used in the Indian NAS are 'organised'
and 'unorganised' sectors. The organised sector
comprises enterprises for which statistical data are
available from official budget documents or reports.
14. Home based worker
• Home based work is not an
analytical category. Instead,
complex relations of
production and distribution
are characterised by the
producer being neither wage
worker nor self employed but
something in between.
• The legal definition of worker
and self employed in India is
drawn from western liberal
assumptions of an
autonomous and self-
contained individual, a
concept which cannot be
applied adequately to home
based producers.
15. Kinds of Home based
work
• Home based workers can
be divided into three
categories:
• 1.independent producer,
• 2.dependent producer
who works at home but
who relies on a
subcontractor for raw
material
• 3.wage worker who works
on the premises of her
employer.
17. Hyderabad
• The section of Hyderabad ,now referred to as the Old
City, was planned nearly 400 years ago.
• At that time, Golconda Fort, the then headquarters of
the Qutub Shahi Kings, was unable to contain the
growing population within the fort premises and
hence there was a need to expand.
• The new city was planned on the road running east
from Golconda as far as Masulipatnam, the famous
Andhra eastern seaport, in order to link trade and
commerce routes with the urban centres.
18. Hyderabad , 400 years
back
• It was then divided by main intersecting highways into four quarters. The
north-western quarter was reserved for the royal palace, with the east
allotted to the nobility. The remainder of the city, divided into 12 mohallas
(localities) spread over an area of 10 square miles, was inhabited by the
common people.
• Besides nearly 14,000 shops, there were mosques, hammams (public
baths), Ashoor khanas (a mourning place for Shias to shed tears for the
martyrdom of Hussain), langarkhanas (to distribute food to the poor), Dar-
ul-Shifa (public hospital), and sarais (guest houses or bungalows where
travellers, traders, missionaries and men of fine arts assembled from
different corners of the world after long and arduous journeys).
• Gardens also adorned many of these buildings.
• Within no time Hyderabad grew into an important trade centre whose
major exports included diamonds, textiles, sugar, iron and spices, and
which imported commodities such as Arabian horses, pearls, porcelain
and carpets.
• The city went into decline following a decision by the conquering Mughals
to shift the capital to Aurangabad in 1687, which was then the new centre
of political and commercial activity.
19.
20. Hyderabad in 21st cen
• Today in the twenty-first century, the Old City of
Hyderabad is a high density population area divided
into Circles I, II, and III.
• The majority of the people are Muslims and there
have been intermittent outbreaks of communal
conflict.
• Hyderabad was subjected to twin blasts arising from
sectarian conflict.
21. Hyderabad today
Political unrest has been
accompanied by increasing
mobility among the
residents of Hyderabad.
In the twenty-first century,
more and more people from
the area have begun taking
jobs in the Gulf countries,
but very little of the money
has found its way back into
the old city.
22. Old city vs slum
• The increase in population and growing urbanisation
have both taken a toll leaving an overpopulated slum
area.
• The term 'slum' is used here in the context of the
operational definition provided by the United Nations
expert group, UN-HABITAT. This organisation designates
a slum as an area that combines to various extents the
following characteristics: inadequate access to safe
water; inadequate access to sanitation and other
infrastructure; poor structural quality of housing;
overcrowding; and insecure residential status.
• To these one might add the low socioeconomic status of
residents.
23. Hyderabadi Bangles
• The harsh reality of the beautiful bangles for which
Hyderabad is famous is that they are the product of
the exploited labour of women and children.
• There are more than 500 shops flanking either side
of the world famous Charminar today selling their
wares.
• Hyderabad is an amazing mix of the ancient and
modern, embodied in one of the oldest shopping
centres in the city, the Lad Bazaar, where both
bangles ,agarbattis and beedis are sold along with a
large number of other goods.
24. Bangle production
• Bangle production takes place both at karkhanas as well
as in homes.
• By and large, the houses in the Old City are very small,
generally with one room or, rarely, two rooms, including a
kitchen. Bathrooms are either very small or non-existent.
After the daily chores are completed and food cooked for
the day, many of these houses are converted in small
karkhanas to produce bangles.
• Bangle making requires a furnace to burn constantly
therefore the tiny spaces where the trade occurs are very
hot and dusty. While generally well lit, rooms are filled
with the smell of burning chemicals.
25.
26. 4 steps in bangle making
•
Preparing an organic mould from vegetable based glue
and colouring this as required.
• Giving the coloured glue the shape of a bangle with the
help of metal moulds or brass bangles
• Refining and perfecting the shape of the bangle with the
heat of the small furnaces
• Finally, embedding creatively arranged and designed
coloured stones into the bangle to enhance the beauty of
the final product. These stones are heated on the furnace
27.
28. • The more intricate the
design, the higher the
value of the bangle.
• At the time of marriage,
bangles are given to a
Muslim bride by both her
own family and by her in-
laws, thus creating a heavy
demand for these during
the marriage season.
• The stones used for
bangle-making are not
indigenous but are
imported from Austria,
Germany and France.
.
The intricate
Bangle is sold for
any thing
between Rs. 450
and
Rs. 4000 per pair
29. Agarbatti making
incense sticks)making, is one of the
flourishing trades in the Old City.
Out-sourcing is common in this
trade, women and children deal only
with the agents who provide the
material for making the paste and the
sticks.
The sale of incense sticks increases
during the festival season.
30. Five steps in agarbatti
making
• Agarbatti making is done in
five steps as follows:
cutting the bamboo sticks
into thin pieces or slices
• putting paste over the
bamboo slice or stick
• drying the agarbatti
• perfuming and packaging
the agarbatti under different
labels.
31. The factory owner
• Large factory owners generally outsource the bulk of the
production to contractors who have the work done by
women and girls.
• These workers are involved in the first four steps of
production.
• However, perfuming and packaging occurs at the factory.
• While men and boys are not involved in production, they
may be involved in the factory packaging and
transportation of the finished incense sticks.
32. The Contractor
• Contractors give the work of producing large quantities of
lower quality sticks mainly to home-based workers.
• Home-based agarbatti workers are provided with the raw
materials associated with agarbatti production: bamboo sticks,
jigat powder (a chemical mixed with saw dust) and charcoal
for rolling.
• The equipment used is a low wooden board three feet square
in size around which the workers squat to roll the sticks.
• The contractor then supplies the rolled raw agarbattis to
factories for drying, perfuming and packaging. The agarbattis
are finally separated and priced according to their perfumes
and packaging.
33. Features of the trade
• Women here work both
in karkhanas and in
homes.
• The women and children
told us they preferred to
finish their household
chores and then come
together in a karkhana to
work since they can
spend this time chatting
with friends.
34. Work Environment
• Unlike the hot and dusty
workplaces of the bangle
trade, the big and small
karkhanas are generally
neat and tolerably clean.
• They, are very small and
badly lit.
• There are no crèche
facilities and women are
generally not encouraged
to bring small children to
karkhanas.
35. Girl’s labour
• Only women work as agarbatti
rollers although they are often
assisted by girls.
• Since there is a strong belief
that children have small and
nimble fingers and can cut very
thin slices, the labour of
children ranging from five to
ten years is generally preferred
for this work.
• Unfortunately this belief is a
myth which conceals the
exploitation of the children as a
source of cheap labour.
36. Children's work
• Cutting the bamboo sticks is done with a blade on a
small wooden platform provided by the contractor. The
thinner the agarbatti, the better is its value.
• Making the paste is regarded as a specialised skill and
children generally do not take part in this aspect of
production.
• However, they do assist in rolling the paste around the
incense stick. In addition to thin bamboo sticks used for
agarbatti.
• children also cut thicker sticks which are used for eating
hand-made ice creams and fruits.
37. Wages
• Agarbatti rollers are paid on a piece-rate basis. Workers
in Hyderabad are paid at a rate of Rs. 9 per kilogram of
the agarbatti paste.
• However, pay also depends on the quality of stick. If the
incense stick is thin then women are paid Rs. 9 for
making 1200 agarbattis.
• If the sticks are thick then they are only paid Rs. 6 for
1200 agarbattis.
• In neither case can the women earn more than Rs. 325
per month.
38. Family earnings
• Earnings of a family of six were reported in the range of
Rs. 600 to 800 ($US15-20) for a six day week even
when the women were assisted by three children.
• The raw material and labour costs of the women and
children involved in rolling raw agarbatti together are
valued at only 10 percent of the total costs.
• All the high value processes—perfuming (30 percent)
packaging (30 percent) and marketing and overheads
(30 percent)—are controlled by male manufacturers.
39. Health issues
• Women and children working in this trade suffer a range of
common health problems. They are subject to backache due
to continuous bending.
• In fact, they are vulnerable to a variety of postural and
locomotive system problems due to the highly confined and
repetitive nature of their work.
• Many contract skin ailments and/or lose their sense of touch.
Their blistered hands are evidence of the gruelling nature of
the work they do which often leaves permanent scarring and
elevated palms even in the case of children.
• This is the result of exposure to ophthalmic acid ethers used
in the production of agarbattis. Workers can also lose their
sense of smell due to the all-pervading fragrance of the
incense sticks.