This document summarizes a project on wireless energy transmission for charging phones in cars. The goal is to create a system that can efficiently transfer energy wirelessly over a distance of 1 foot to allow phones to charge without cables when sitting in a vehicle. Such a system could help keep phones charged throughout the day without requiring user effort beyond initial setup. Safety studies have shown no health risks at the low power levels used. While using more energy than a wired system, wireless charging offers greater practicality for users. With an efficiency of 70% or more, the system could be developed into a commercially viable product by automakers or electronics companies.
This document summarizes wireless power transfer technology. It discusses how wireless power transfer works using inductive coupling between a transmitting and receiving coil without physical connections. The technology has applications for charging phones, bulbs, and other devices wirelessly. Advantages include reduced power losses, safety, and freedom of movement between devices and chargers. The document outlines the components of a wireless power transfer system and discusses applications and the future potential of the technology to supply power wirelessly everywhere.
IRJET - Charging Automation for Electric VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for automated parking and wireless charging of electric vehicles. The system uses infrared sensors to detect empty parking spots and a wireless power transmitter to charge electric vehicles parked in those spots. An Arduino microcontroller monitors the parking status and charging process. It calculates the power consumed and sends that data to an Internet of Things cloud. Users can pay for parking through the system, and a Bluetooth module will then allow their vehicle to be released from the parking spot. The goal of the system is to automate parking and charging processes for electric vehicles to make them more convenient.
IRJET - OR-DEV System (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric Vehicles)IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed wireless charging system for electric vehicles called OR-DEV (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric vehicles). It introduces an inductive wireless charging lane for EVs with embedded coils that would allow continuous charging of EVs as they drive on the roadway. The system aims to address limitations of traditional electric charging by reducing charging times and not requiring EVs to stop for charging. It presents the background on electric vehicles and motivation for dynamic wireless charging. The system architecture and initial simulation results showing high charging efficiency are summarized. The document also reviews related work on wireless charging systems and discusses how the proposed system could increase EV mileage and reduce waiting times for charging.
Electric Vehicle
Benefits of Electric Vehicle
What is Happening in the world of Electric Vehicle?
Electric Vehicle Charging Types
Wireless Charging
Advantages of Wireless Charging
Dynamic Wireless Charging
Impact of Wireless Charging on the Electric Vehicle Growth
References
IRJET- Smart Electric Two Wheeler ScooterIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart electric two-wheeler scooter project. Key components of the scooter include a 48V 30Ah lithium-ion battery, 1kW brushless DC hub motor, motor controller, DC-DC converter, and light dependent resistor circuit. The scooter is expected to achieve average speeds of 30-50 km/hr on a single charge with a range of 70km. The project aims to improve performance and address limitations of existing electric scooters such as long charging times and short battery lifespan. Calculations related to forces acting on the scooter during motion and total power required are also presented.
Wireless charging using electromagnetic induction, and resonance magnetic coupling. Effects and limitations, cheallenges faced and meathods to overcome. Success Case study. References included.
IRJET- Design of O-T-G Charging System for Next-Gen Electric VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed on-the-go charging system for electric vehicles that would charge vehicles wirelessly while in motion. It discusses the need for such a system to alleviate issues with limited charging infrastructure and the inconvenience of separate charging times. The system would use magnetic induction to transfer energy from charging pads in the road to receivers on vehicles, allowing drivers to top up their batteries while driving. It provides details on various components that could enable such a dynamic wireless charging system.
This document summarizes wireless power transfer technology. It discusses how wireless power transfer works using inductive coupling between a transmitting and receiving coil without physical connections. The technology has applications for charging phones, bulbs, and other devices wirelessly. Advantages include reduced power losses, safety, and freedom of movement between devices and chargers. The document outlines the components of a wireless power transfer system and discusses applications and the future potential of the technology to supply power wirelessly everywhere.
IRJET - Charging Automation for Electric VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for automated parking and wireless charging of electric vehicles. The system uses infrared sensors to detect empty parking spots and a wireless power transmitter to charge electric vehicles parked in those spots. An Arduino microcontroller monitors the parking status and charging process. It calculates the power consumed and sends that data to an Internet of Things cloud. Users can pay for parking through the system, and a Bluetooth module will then allow their vehicle to be released from the parking spot. The goal of the system is to automate parking and charging processes for electric vehicles to make them more convenient.
IRJET - OR-DEV System (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric Vehicles)IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed wireless charging system for electric vehicles called OR-DEV (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric vehicles). It introduces an inductive wireless charging lane for EVs with embedded coils that would allow continuous charging of EVs as they drive on the roadway. The system aims to address limitations of traditional electric charging by reducing charging times and not requiring EVs to stop for charging. It presents the background on electric vehicles and motivation for dynamic wireless charging. The system architecture and initial simulation results showing high charging efficiency are summarized. The document also reviews related work on wireless charging systems and discusses how the proposed system could increase EV mileage and reduce waiting times for charging.
Electric Vehicle
Benefits of Electric Vehicle
What is Happening in the world of Electric Vehicle?
Electric Vehicle Charging Types
Wireless Charging
Advantages of Wireless Charging
Dynamic Wireless Charging
Impact of Wireless Charging on the Electric Vehicle Growth
References
IRJET- Smart Electric Two Wheeler ScooterIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart electric two-wheeler scooter project. Key components of the scooter include a 48V 30Ah lithium-ion battery, 1kW brushless DC hub motor, motor controller, DC-DC converter, and light dependent resistor circuit. The scooter is expected to achieve average speeds of 30-50 km/hr on a single charge with a range of 70km. The project aims to improve performance and address limitations of existing electric scooters such as long charging times and short battery lifespan. Calculations related to forces acting on the scooter during motion and total power required are also presented.
Wireless charging using electromagnetic induction, and resonance magnetic coupling. Effects and limitations, cheallenges faced and meathods to overcome. Success Case study. References included.
IRJET- Design of O-T-G Charging System for Next-Gen Electric VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed on-the-go charging system for electric vehicles that would charge vehicles wirelessly while in motion. It discusses the need for such a system to alleviate issues with limited charging infrastructure and the inconvenience of separate charging times. The system would use magnetic induction to transfer energy from charging pads in the road to receivers on vehicles, allowing drivers to top up their batteries while driving. It provides details on various components that could enable such a dynamic wireless charging system.
Electric Vehicles (EV) use a battery to store the electric energy that powers the motor. EV batteries are charged by plugging the vehicle into an electric power source. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and all-electric vehicles (EVs)—also called electric drive vehicles collectively—use electricity either as their primary fuel or to improve the efficiency of conventional vehicle designs.
Reduced fuel consumption and emissions, optimized fuel efficiency and performance, lower operational cost, rising conventional fuel costs are some factors that make use of EVs advantageous. However, tech and other challenges are in front of EVs to make them popular selling asset among masses. High EV price limit the current customer group to consist of primarily tech savvy and environmental ideologists, however, new research indicates that charging time and driving range are most influencing the purchase decision. Due to scale of production and technological development, it seems likely that there will be significant price erosion related to EV batteries over the next 10 years. This will most likely influence EV prices and increase sales.
Moreover, along with the gradual emergence of EVs- innovators and entrepreneurs are introducing new and visionary business models. Incidentally, EVs are sold on subscription- and rental companies are beginning to include EVs as part of their fleet of program. For example, as integrators or mobility service providers, the EV value chain creates opportunities for newcomers to participate and create value on mobility market. The integrators are the future industry actors, who will handle the integration between EV charging and intelligent home billing etc. Reportedly, ECOtality partnered Sprint Nextel and Cisco to deliver wireless connectivity for charging stations and home energy management solutions/controllers.
This report aims to highlight the drivers and inhibitors that influence the roll-out of electric cars in terms of adoption speed, cost and user acceptance. The report is largely based on the general market data, which has been analysed and correlated with the data from fleet test of electric vehicles which was conducted in and around the metropolitan area of Copenhagen (Denmark). The report also explores an analysis of comparative advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles over EVs.
This document discusses smart charging strategies for electric vehicles (EVs) that can help improve the economics of battery EVs. Smart charging involves monitoring the power grid and EV owner demand in real-time to adjust charging power online and avoid peak loads. This helps maximize the use of existing infrastructure and exploits electricity price variations to smooth out demand. An RFID system is also proposed to manage EV access and parking spot assignment at charging stations. An EV command portal would allow owners to monitor vehicle status. Overall, smart charging can optimize grid resource use, provide a cost-effective solution, and enable a faster EV market penetration while being environmentally friendly.
Pulbished on www.youtube.com/pratinii.
Interesting basics of EVs which will satiate our curiosity about them and help us take informed decisions on owning an EV.
The document discusses setting up electric vehicle charging stations in India using green energy sources. It provides details on types of charging stations, battery storage systems, and ensuring safety and protection from lightning strikes and power surges in the electrical systems. Standards and approvals from organizations like IEC and NBC are recommended to be followed for lightning protection installation and equipment earthing design.
Technological advancement in electric vehicle has opened the door of opportunities for next level of technology. Wireless charging is one such thing. Get the latest about the field and market prospect of it.
SEAM - Tata Business Leadership Award 2019 Submissionshivam chaurasia
Presented solution on business case study for "Imagination India:TATA Motors India Future Mobility Opportunity" in Tata Business Leadership Award 2019 executive screening competition. We tried to evaluate the present demand and existing solution in market there by focusing on unmet and untapped potential opportunities for Tata Group specific to India market.
Our team CognitiveScale identified a set of problems to tackle using shared mobility and connected market and presented four solutions to in AI driven software, Two Hardware Product and strategy to built the connected market.
Our Software Solution Focussed :
1. Seamless one payment solution from first mile to last mile transit.
2. NextGen Ridehailing allowing user to select multiple AI backed option while selecting the routes (Minimal Cost, Less Congestion, ) a cost time tradeoff riding options.
3. Demand Responsive Fleet SaaS.
4. Unified Driver Credit Scoring and Behaviour Monitoring for Safe RideHailing..
Infrastructure Setup:
1. Plug and Play EV battery swapping Infrastructure.
linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tracebackerror/
Mail: shivam9172@gmail.com
The document discusses India's plans for establishing a network of electric vehicle charging stations powered by solar energy to support the country's transition to carbon-free transportation. It outlines various technical aspects of EV charging such as connector types, charging speeds, and applicable international standards. The document also covers lightning and surge protection for electrical systems, highlighting the importance of proper earthing and surge protection designs.
This document summarizes a presentation about advancing electric vehicle charging stations. It discusses planning and permitting issues related to electric vehicle infrastructure, including allowing charging stations, streamlining permitting processes, addressing parking and accessibility, payment methods, and educating various stakeholders. The presentation also provides an overview of electric vehicle technology, including different types of charging stations and an example of current charging station deployment in New England.
This document provides an overview of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. It begins with introductions and then discusses the brief history of electric vehicles. It outlines the key motivations and mandates for electric vehicles including reducing dependence on foreign oil, creating jobs, addressing climate change, and achieving energy independence. The document examines the various stakeholders involved in electric vehicle ecosystems. It explores the different components and architecture of electric vehicle systems including the vehicles, chargers, charging stations, and central management systems. It also reviews the status of electric vehicles worldwide and in India as well as the ongoing challenges. The presentation concludes by discussing some entrepreneurship and research ideas in this area and providing an overview of UniConverge Technologies' electric vehicle charging automation solution.
IRJET- Electrical Vehicle Charging by Electromagnetic Induction Via Loosely C...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed method for wirelessly charging electric vehicles using electromagnetic induction through loosely coupled coils. The system would involve large buses traveling along highways and roads that are equipped with transmitting coils that can inductively charge receiving coils in electric vehicles as they pass by or follow the bus. The document outlines the basic components and design of such a wireless charging system, including transmitter and receiver circuits that use resonant magnetic coupling between coils tuned to the same frequency to transfer power over short distances. It also reviews some of the benefits of wireless charging systems and opportunities for further research on electric vehicle charging applications.
This document summarizes a research paper on a contactless bus charging system. The system uses inductive coupling to wirelessly charge the bus battery through a transmitter coil and receiver coil. During the day, solar panels charge the battery. At night and while stationary, a contactless charging system charges the battery without physical connections. Sensors monitor the battery level and control doors to automatically open and close at bus stops. The contactless charging allows for charging while stationary or in motion, reduces wiring needs, and provides a more convenient electric bus system.
Now India is Implementing with Preference and Priority A Green Carbon Free Silent Road Transportation Electric Vehicle and Charging Infrastructure. To Charge These Vehicle we need more power and Separate Power Infrastructure to ensure Stable and Clean Power System with support 24X7 only possible with addition Solar PV Power Plant and High Energy Storage Power System adoption and Implements where demand is more that 1MW.
Our Broad Band and Telecom Signal should be Strong Signal and Fast response as and when require by System.
Ministry Of Urban Infra , Railways, Power , National Highway and Road Infra already advise all State and Central to offer Charging Facilities as per demand in the Market 3KM Radius Public Charging and 25KM Both side of Highways Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Charging 2/3/4 Wheeler Vehicle along with Passenger Buses and Heavy Fleet Electric Vehicles.
This Can be Charging Station or with Restaurant in Highways power demand may be 2.00MW-4.00MW .
Plz Find Attach latest presentation EV Charging Infra from Linkvue System Pvt Ltd Kindly go through .visit www.linkvuesystem.com
We are into Manufacturing , Supply ,Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Genuine and Right Products with supervision support for Installation .
Electrical Safety Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection
Net Working Solution LAN ,Fiber ,Wireless and GSM Solutions
Automation and Data Logger RTU's
Protocol Convertor and FO Convertors
CCTV .Fire Alarm ,Access Controls, Security Systems
Fencing PIDS
Industrial PLUG Socket IP 68 Out door up to 400 Amps
Electric Vehicle Charging Connectors and Harness
Solar MC4 Connectors with and Without Fuses
Plz Contact M-9811247237 Mahesh Chandra Manav
manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com.
The document discusses the potential for a peer-to-peer (P2P) electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure using blockchain technology. It outlines the rising adoption of EVs and need for more charging stations. A P2P model could allow private owners to share surplus energy and charge other EVs directly without third parties. Blockchain would allow for decentralized management, transparency, and energy sharing through smart contracts. The document proposes a technical architecture and implementation using Hyperledger Fabric to build a trusted P2P EV charging network.
The document discusses the potential impacts of electric vehicles on a utility's electrical distribution system. It notes that electric vehicles will represent a new type of mobile and temporary load. The utility will need to understand how individual electric vehicles could stress local infrastructure and develop policies to address their connection to the grid. Issues discussed include electric vehicle charging locations, variable customer ownership, impacts of vehicle-to-grid technology, and the need for notification of new electric vehicle connections.
Recognizing such organizations, Insights Success brings to you, “The 10 Smart EV Charging Solution Providers, 2018” which have now strengthened their foothold in the EV industry and are unfailingly delivering contemporary EV charging solutions.
The document discusses OpConnect, a company that provides electric vehicle charging infrastructure and services. It describes OpConnect's background and credentials in developing communication and security software. It also outlines OpConnect's electric vehicle charging stations and networking capabilities. Finally, it discusses several business models for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, including selling hardware, user fees, partnerships with automakers, electric utilities, loyalty programs, and mobile advertising.
Ev charging station and electrical & human safety by jmv lpsMahesh Chandra Manav
Very Important Guideline while Instalation of EV Car Fast Charging we have to follow NBC2016 to Protect your Equipment for Surge and Earthing for EV Vechile and Charging Remember we are going to Handle 50KW -500KW Charging either AC or DC Voltage any negligence may cause Fire or Shock. always use Seperate Power Line for avoding Transfer of Surge to Nabour Equipments.
BIS/CEA/NRPC/REC Power Distribution/REC/PGCIL/RTES/IRCON//PWD/CPWD/Municipal Corporation /Smart City/EESL/DHI(NEMMP)//PEC/TCIL/BHEL EV Charging Div/NTPC EV Charging Div/ARAI/Niti Ayog/EV Charging Station OEM Supplier/Electrical Contractor
Employer ev initiative #7 presentation final_5-28-13CALSTART
Dr Jasna Tomic and Whitney Pitkanen of CALSTART presented at the web-based meeting on best practices for workplace charging. Included in the meeting is an overview of the EPRI Workplace charging initiative.
The second day of the EDTA 2013 conference. Active crowd, active discussion on primarily infrastructure challenges. Answers to standardization in charging and communicating obstacles remain prevalent. TCO for Leaf favorable to comparable ICE (EPRI rapport)
This project is used to develop a wireless power transfer for vehicles without wires and connections for several applications like vehicles in stores, airports etc
This document presents an overview of wireless power transmission. It defines wireless power transmission as the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electric load without interconnecting wires. It discusses two main methods for wireless power transmission: atmospheric conduction and electrodynamic induction. For electrodynamic induction, it describes microwave and laser methods. It provides examples of the history and applications of wireless power transmission. The document concludes that wireless power transmission could make energy transmission more efficient with lower maintenance costs.
Electric Vehicles (EV) use a battery to store the electric energy that powers the motor. EV batteries are charged by plugging the vehicle into an electric power source. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and all-electric vehicles (EVs)—also called electric drive vehicles collectively—use electricity either as their primary fuel or to improve the efficiency of conventional vehicle designs.
Reduced fuel consumption and emissions, optimized fuel efficiency and performance, lower operational cost, rising conventional fuel costs are some factors that make use of EVs advantageous. However, tech and other challenges are in front of EVs to make them popular selling asset among masses. High EV price limit the current customer group to consist of primarily tech savvy and environmental ideologists, however, new research indicates that charging time and driving range are most influencing the purchase decision. Due to scale of production and technological development, it seems likely that there will be significant price erosion related to EV batteries over the next 10 years. This will most likely influence EV prices and increase sales.
Moreover, along with the gradual emergence of EVs- innovators and entrepreneurs are introducing new and visionary business models. Incidentally, EVs are sold on subscription- and rental companies are beginning to include EVs as part of their fleet of program. For example, as integrators or mobility service providers, the EV value chain creates opportunities for newcomers to participate and create value on mobility market. The integrators are the future industry actors, who will handle the integration between EV charging and intelligent home billing etc. Reportedly, ECOtality partnered Sprint Nextel and Cisco to deliver wireless connectivity for charging stations and home energy management solutions/controllers.
This report aims to highlight the drivers and inhibitors that influence the roll-out of electric cars in terms of adoption speed, cost and user acceptance. The report is largely based on the general market data, which has been analysed and correlated with the data from fleet test of electric vehicles which was conducted in and around the metropolitan area of Copenhagen (Denmark). The report also explores an analysis of comparative advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles over EVs.
This document discusses smart charging strategies for electric vehicles (EVs) that can help improve the economics of battery EVs. Smart charging involves monitoring the power grid and EV owner demand in real-time to adjust charging power online and avoid peak loads. This helps maximize the use of existing infrastructure and exploits electricity price variations to smooth out demand. An RFID system is also proposed to manage EV access and parking spot assignment at charging stations. An EV command portal would allow owners to monitor vehicle status. Overall, smart charging can optimize grid resource use, provide a cost-effective solution, and enable a faster EV market penetration while being environmentally friendly.
Pulbished on www.youtube.com/pratinii.
Interesting basics of EVs which will satiate our curiosity about them and help us take informed decisions on owning an EV.
The document discusses setting up electric vehicle charging stations in India using green energy sources. It provides details on types of charging stations, battery storage systems, and ensuring safety and protection from lightning strikes and power surges in the electrical systems. Standards and approvals from organizations like IEC and NBC are recommended to be followed for lightning protection installation and equipment earthing design.
Technological advancement in electric vehicle has opened the door of opportunities for next level of technology. Wireless charging is one such thing. Get the latest about the field and market prospect of it.
SEAM - Tata Business Leadership Award 2019 Submissionshivam chaurasia
Presented solution on business case study for "Imagination India:TATA Motors India Future Mobility Opportunity" in Tata Business Leadership Award 2019 executive screening competition. We tried to evaluate the present demand and existing solution in market there by focusing on unmet and untapped potential opportunities for Tata Group specific to India market.
Our team CognitiveScale identified a set of problems to tackle using shared mobility and connected market and presented four solutions to in AI driven software, Two Hardware Product and strategy to built the connected market.
Our Software Solution Focussed :
1. Seamless one payment solution from first mile to last mile transit.
2. NextGen Ridehailing allowing user to select multiple AI backed option while selecting the routes (Minimal Cost, Less Congestion, ) a cost time tradeoff riding options.
3. Demand Responsive Fleet SaaS.
4. Unified Driver Credit Scoring and Behaviour Monitoring for Safe RideHailing..
Infrastructure Setup:
1. Plug and Play EV battery swapping Infrastructure.
linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tracebackerror/
Mail: shivam9172@gmail.com
The document discusses India's plans for establishing a network of electric vehicle charging stations powered by solar energy to support the country's transition to carbon-free transportation. It outlines various technical aspects of EV charging such as connector types, charging speeds, and applicable international standards. The document also covers lightning and surge protection for electrical systems, highlighting the importance of proper earthing and surge protection designs.
This document summarizes a presentation about advancing electric vehicle charging stations. It discusses planning and permitting issues related to electric vehicle infrastructure, including allowing charging stations, streamlining permitting processes, addressing parking and accessibility, payment methods, and educating various stakeholders. The presentation also provides an overview of electric vehicle technology, including different types of charging stations and an example of current charging station deployment in New England.
This document provides an overview of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. It begins with introductions and then discusses the brief history of electric vehicles. It outlines the key motivations and mandates for electric vehicles including reducing dependence on foreign oil, creating jobs, addressing climate change, and achieving energy independence. The document examines the various stakeholders involved in electric vehicle ecosystems. It explores the different components and architecture of electric vehicle systems including the vehicles, chargers, charging stations, and central management systems. It also reviews the status of electric vehicles worldwide and in India as well as the ongoing challenges. The presentation concludes by discussing some entrepreneurship and research ideas in this area and providing an overview of UniConverge Technologies' electric vehicle charging automation solution.
IRJET- Electrical Vehicle Charging by Electromagnetic Induction Via Loosely C...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed method for wirelessly charging electric vehicles using electromagnetic induction through loosely coupled coils. The system would involve large buses traveling along highways and roads that are equipped with transmitting coils that can inductively charge receiving coils in electric vehicles as they pass by or follow the bus. The document outlines the basic components and design of such a wireless charging system, including transmitter and receiver circuits that use resonant magnetic coupling between coils tuned to the same frequency to transfer power over short distances. It also reviews some of the benefits of wireless charging systems and opportunities for further research on electric vehicle charging applications.
This document summarizes a research paper on a contactless bus charging system. The system uses inductive coupling to wirelessly charge the bus battery through a transmitter coil and receiver coil. During the day, solar panels charge the battery. At night and while stationary, a contactless charging system charges the battery without physical connections. Sensors monitor the battery level and control doors to automatically open and close at bus stops. The contactless charging allows for charging while stationary or in motion, reduces wiring needs, and provides a more convenient electric bus system.
Now India is Implementing with Preference and Priority A Green Carbon Free Silent Road Transportation Electric Vehicle and Charging Infrastructure. To Charge These Vehicle we need more power and Separate Power Infrastructure to ensure Stable and Clean Power System with support 24X7 only possible with addition Solar PV Power Plant and High Energy Storage Power System adoption and Implements where demand is more that 1MW.
Our Broad Band and Telecom Signal should be Strong Signal and Fast response as and when require by System.
Ministry Of Urban Infra , Railways, Power , National Highway and Road Infra already advise all State and Central to offer Charging Facilities as per demand in the Market 3KM Radius Public Charging and 25KM Both side of Highways Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Charging 2/3/4 Wheeler Vehicle along with Passenger Buses and Heavy Fleet Electric Vehicles.
This Can be Charging Station or with Restaurant in Highways power demand may be 2.00MW-4.00MW .
Plz Find Attach latest presentation EV Charging Infra from Linkvue System Pvt Ltd Kindly go through .visit www.linkvuesystem.com
We are into Manufacturing , Supply ,Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Genuine and Right Products with supervision support for Installation .
Electrical Safety Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection
Net Working Solution LAN ,Fiber ,Wireless and GSM Solutions
Automation and Data Logger RTU's
Protocol Convertor and FO Convertors
CCTV .Fire Alarm ,Access Controls, Security Systems
Fencing PIDS
Industrial PLUG Socket IP 68 Out door up to 400 Amps
Electric Vehicle Charging Connectors and Harness
Solar MC4 Connectors with and Without Fuses
Plz Contact M-9811247237 Mahesh Chandra Manav
manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com.
The document discusses the potential for a peer-to-peer (P2P) electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure using blockchain technology. It outlines the rising adoption of EVs and need for more charging stations. A P2P model could allow private owners to share surplus energy and charge other EVs directly without third parties. Blockchain would allow for decentralized management, transparency, and energy sharing through smart contracts. The document proposes a technical architecture and implementation using Hyperledger Fabric to build a trusted P2P EV charging network.
The document discusses the potential impacts of electric vehicles on a utility's electrical distribution system. It notes that electric vehicles will represent a new type of mobile and temporary load. The utility will need to understand how individual electric vehicles could stress local infrastructure and develop policies to address their connection to the grid. Issues discussed include electric vehicle charging locations, variable customer ownership, impacts of vehicle-to-grid technology, and the need for notification of new electric vehicle connections.
Recognizing such organizations, Insights Success brings to you, “The 10 Smart EV Charging Solution Providers, 2018” which have now strengthened their foothold in the EV industry and are unfailingly delivering contemporary EV charging solutions.
The document discusses OpConnect, a company that provides electric vehicle charging infrastructure and services. It describes OpConnect's background and credentials in developing communication and security software. It also outlines OpConnect's electric vehicle charging stations and networking capabilities. Finally, it discusses several business models for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, including selling hardware, user fees, partnerships with automakers, electric utilities, loyalty programs, and mobile advertising.
Ev charging station and electrical & human safety by jmv lpsMahesh Chandra Manav
Very Important Guideline while Instalation of EV Car Fast Charging we have to follow NBC2016 to Protect your Equipment for Surge and Earthing for EV Vechile and Charging Remember we are going to Handle 50KW -500KW Charging either AC or DC Voltage any negligence may cause Fire or Shock. always use Seperate Power Line for avoding Transfer of Surge to Nabour Equipments.
BIS/CEA/NRPC/REC Power Distribution/REC/PGCIL/RTES/IRCON//PWD/CPWD/Municipal Corporation /Smart City/EESL/DHI(NEMMP)//PEC/TCIL/BHEL EV Charging Div/NTPC EV Charging Div/ARAI/Niti Ayog/EV Charging Station OEM Supplier/Electrical Contractor
Employer ev initiative #7 presentation final_5-28-13CALSTART
Dr Jasna Tomic and Whitney Pitkanen of CALSTART presented at the web-based meeting on best practices for workplace charging. Included in the meeting is an overview of the EPRI Workplace charging initiative.
The second day of the EDTA 2013 conference. Active crowd, active discussion on primarily infrastructure challenges. Answers to standardization in charging and communicating obstacles remain prevalent. TCO for Leaf favorable to comparable ICE (EPRI rapport)
This project is used to develop a wireless power transfer for vehicles without wires and connections for several applications like vehicles in stores, airports etc
This document presents an overview of wireless power transmission. It defines wireless power transmission as the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electric load without interconnecting wires. It discusses two main methods for wireless power transmission: atmospheric conduction and electrodynamic induction. For electrodynamic induction, it describes microwave and laser methods. It provides examples of the history and applications of wireless power transmission. The document concludes that wireless power transmission could make energy transmission more efficient with lower maintenance costs.
The document discusses wireless power transfer, beginning with an introduction to the concept of transmitting electrical energy without wires. It provides a brief history, noting Nikola Tesla's pioneering work in the late 19th century. The basic principle of near-field inductive coupling through magnetic fields is explained. Details are then given about the group's experimental setup, including components like a high frequency transformer, rectifier, and coils. The working principle is described as using electromagnetic induction to transfer power from a primary coil to a secondary coil. Advantages like simple design and low cost are mentioned, alongside disadvantages such as high power loss over distance. Applications that have been proposed or prototyped are also outlined.
The document describes a project report on wireless power transfer submitted by a student for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It includes a cover page, certificate from the project guide, acknowledgements, declaration, table of contents, and sections describing the abstract, block diagram, hardware requirements including various electronic components, schematic diagram, hardware testing, results, future prospects, medical applications, and conclusion.
This document provides biographical information about Nikola Tesla and summarizes his work developing wireless energy transmission. It discusses Tesla's concerns that making energy freely available could enable warfare and how his Wardenclyffe Tower project was shut down. The document also notes ongoing efforts to continue Tesla's research and a campaign to have him canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church for his contributions to humanity.
A lot of power is wasted due to wired mechanism which could be solved by wireless energy transmission throughout the world.
The advantages and some disadvantages are mentioned in the presentation.
Study and Comparison of Various Image Edge Detection TechniquesCSCJournals
Edges characterize boundaries and are therefore a problem of fundamental importance in image processing. Image Edge detection significantly reduces the amount of data and filters out useless information, while preserving the important structural properties in an image. Since edge detection is in the forefront of image processing for object detection, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. In this paper the comparative analysis of various Image Edge Detection techniques is presented. The software is developed using MATLAB 7.0. It has been shown that the Canny’s edge detection algorithm performs better than all these operators under almost all scenarios. Evaluation of the images showed that under noisy conditions Canny, LoG( Laplacian of Gaussian), Robert, Prewitt, Sobel exhibit better performance, respectively. . It has been observed that Canny’s edge detection algorithm is computationally more expensive compared to LoG( Laplacian of Gaussian), Sobel, Prewitt and Robert’s operator
Wireless power transmission project is used to transfer the power from the power source to electrical loads using high frequency resonating air core transformers.
The document summarizes the research and development process for a house cleaning robot called TidyBot. It describes how the robot uses a 3D camera to survey rooms and identify objects to figure out where they belong. It then outlines the naming, branding, logo design, social media strategy, and prototype website development for TidyBot. This included generating name ideas, designing a logotype, creating Facebook pages, researching taglines, and wireframing the website layout.
This document discusses highly resonant wireless power transfer as a safe and efficient method for transmitting energy over distance without wires. It notes the limitations of conventional wired power transmission and outlines the benefits of wireless power, including its efficiency, reliability, safety, and applications in consumer electronics, medical devices, electric vehicles, lighting, and defense. The document explains the technologies of inductive coupling and resonant inductive coupling used in near-field wireless power and discusses techniques for far-field power transmission like microwave and laser. It addresses concerns about safety and interference but concludes that wireless power has many promising applications.
This document presents a 30W capacitive wireless power transfer system with a 5.8pF coupling capacitance developed by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder. It introduces the motivation and proposed architecture of using a composite matching network to provide voltage gain and reduce compensating inductance requirements. The document describes a prototype that was developed and tested, showing it was able to transfer over 30W of power with 84.1% efficiency and maintain over 80% efficiency from 10W to 105W. It compares the system to other existing capacitive power transfer systems, demonstrating it can transfer higher power per unit area with a larger 5mm airgap and over 20 times higher power transfer per unit coupling capacitance.
Cleaning Robot (named Mimi) has two functions: cleaning and showing affection to its owner. Mimi is a cat-like robot that works with smaller "mouse" robots to locate dust around the house. The mice search for dust and send signals to Mimi, allowing it to clean while resting to conserve energy. Mimi interacts with its owner differently depending on the situation, such as being friendly, ignoring bad behavior, or showing extra affection when the owner returns home.
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Analysis on efficiency of wireless power transfer using HTS coilpakshay
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Wireless Power Transfer for Electric CarsIRJET Journal
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Wireless Power Transfer for Electric CarsIRJET Journal
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WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES .pdfNirav Shah
Wireless charging technology has the potential to revolutionize electric vehicle charging by allowing vehicles to charge while in motion. This could allow driverless taxis and buses to continuously charge via coils embedded in roadways connected to renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Two main wireless charging methods being researched are inductive charging using magnetic fields between coils, and capacitive charging using electric fields between plates. Challenges include health effects, detecting objects near chargers, determining optimal power levels, and analyzing grid impacts of large-scale deployment. Widespread adoption of wireless charging infrastructure could incentivize more electric vehicle usage and transition to renewable energy for transportation.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation titled "Walk and Charge" that describes a device that generates electricity from human leg movements while walking. The device is worn on the legs and uses a dynamo connected to leg strides to generate 3.5 Watts of power, enough to charge low-power devices like mobile phones. It works by converting kinetic energy from walking into electrical energy via a piezoelectric sensor, storing the energy, and then using it to charge devices. Advantages include providing mobile charging anywhere without fuels, and it could help reduce carbon emissions and increase mobile access in rural areas if widely adopted.
The document is a seminar report on wireless charging submitted by Mohammad Affan to M.J.P Rohilkhand University in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in Computer Applications. It discusses three main types of wireless charging - inductive charging, radio charging, and resonance charging. Inductive charging uses electromagnetic induction to transfer energy through induction coils, while radio charging is used for small, low-power devices and resonance charging is used for high-power devices that require large amounts of energy.
This document summarizes wireless power transmission methods. It discusses how wireless power transmission works using electromagnetic waves between a transmitter and receiver tuned to the same frequency. It also covers applications like smartphones, electric vehicles, and medical devices. Benefits are increased convenience from eliminating cords and reduced clutter. Challenges include limited range, lower efficiency than wired transmission, issues with compatibility and cost. The future outlook expects advancements to increase efficiency and range, enabling applications like charging electric vehicles wirelessly while driving.
This document describes a senior project to develop a wireless energy transfer system for charging smartphones in vehicles. The goal is to achieve 70% energy transfer efficiency at a distance of 1 foot, meeting the Qi wireless charging standard. This would allow a phone to charge automatically when placed near the system installed in a car. Currently, phones require direct plug-in charging, but a wireless system could conveniently charge phones while users drive, helping extend battery life for activities like navigation and media playback. The project aims to design resonant inductive coils and power electronics to efficiently transfer energy between a transmitter installed in a car and receiver in a phone over short distances.
IRJET - Wireless Charging of Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses wireless charging of electric vehicles. It begins with an introduction to wireless charging and its benefits over plug-in charging. It then describes the basic principles of inductive wireless power transfer used for wireless charging. It discusses both static wireless charging systems that can be implemented in parking lots and garages, as well as dynamic wireless charging systems that charge EVs while in motion. The document outlines the components and circuitry required for wireless charging systems. It also discusses some challenges with wireless charging including infrastructure costs and limitations on power transfer over distance. Finally, it presents the future potential for widespread implementation of wireless charging to improve adoption of electric vehicles.
Wireless charge share between two mobilesMOHITH Royal
This document discusses wireless charging technology that allows two mobile phones to share battery charge between each other. It begins with an introduction to wireless power transfer (WPT) and its uses in consumer electronics. It then outlines a proposed system where a mobile phone can act as either a wireless power transmitter or receiver, allowing battery-to-battery (B2B) charging between two phones wirelessly. The objectives are to enable wireless charging between any two mobile phones, not just certain models. It reviews related work on bidirectional wireless charging and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing wired phone charging systems compared to the proposed wireless charging system.
On-Road Charging of Vehicles Using Contact- Less Power Transfer by Solar PowerIRJET Journal
The document discusses wireless charging of electric vehicles using contactless power transfer through solar power. It begins with an abstract and introduction on the benefits of wireless charging for EVs. It then discusses the current technologies for wireless charging systems, including induction charging pads embedded in roadways. The document also examines static and dynamic wireless charging models for stationary and moving vehicles. It presents simulations of wireless charging circuits and graphs showing input and output power and battery state of charge. The conclusion states that while wireless power transfer has benefits, current technologies have limitations and require continued research to increase power and distance capabilities for practical applications.
This document summarizes the development of an electric vehicle with wireless charging capabilities. The vehicle is powered by a rechargeable lithium-ion battery that can be automatically charged through inductive wireless charging by positioning coils in the vehicle and charging station in parallel. The vehicle uses a remote control and microcontroller to drive DC motors and move in all directions so it can align over the transmitting coil for charging. Wireless charging eliminates the need for physical connections and opens up applications for electric transportation.
This document summarizes a student project to design and implement a wireless electric vehicle charging system. The system uses inductive charging to transfer power from a transmitting pad to a receiving pad located on an electric vehicle, allowing the vehicle to charge without a physical connection. The objectives are to make charging more efficient and convenient. The system components include a power supply, transmitting pad, wireless data transfer, receiving pad, controller, and battery. Testing showed the system could transfer about 12V of power over a maximum ground clearance of 20cm, with an efficiency of 20.4%. Further research may improve efficiency and allow charging over larger distances.
Smartphones and multiple electronic gadgets have become a daily necessity for our life as we have
created a huge interdependency on gadgets. Introduction of the electronic gadgets with multiple features have
made our lifestyle easier and faster. Smartphones are the most importance and widely used electronic gadget and
it can be observe that every new day brings a better innovation in its manufacturing. Along with the innovation
In the smartphone, we need a major innovation in its charging methods. In the initial days of the mobile phone
manufacturing, its chargers used to work on the constant current supply system. After few years the next
generation chargers came with the constant voltage system and the next major update was the introduction of the
constant current And constant voltage charging system, which was used for a larger period of time. When the
competition in the field of innovation incremented massively, smartphone brands focused on making there
smartphone charging rate faster than others and they started using the microcontrollers for increasing there
charger’s output. There are multiple smartphone brands with there own different charging technologies like
DASH, TURBO, VOOC etc. These charging technologies works on there full potential when connected to The
devices which support those technology’s communication. When we connect these high power output chargers to
the devices which doesn’t support its communication Style , the charger doesn’t supply the power with the full
potential even if the device is capable of handling the load. There is a need for a charger which doesn’t have the
compatibility issues with any kind of devices which require the power input between The range of power output
supplied by the charger. There is the need for the charger with the wide range of power supply that can charge a
earpiece to smartphone. In our Auto Power Adjustable charger’s proposed methodology , we are considering all
the above parameters to create a universal charger, which can be used to charge any type of device in its output
range. We will add an extra circuit which will be responsible for the feedback from the device’s battery for
analysing the required power output . We will supply the exact amount of power which is required by the device
and it will minimize the chances of the damage on the less powered batteries. The test results are showing the
positive responses till the date . Arduino is the major component , which is responsible for the decision making in
the regulation of the power output. Here we can conclude that our charger can eliminate the chances of the
damage on the battery and it can supply the power output of a wide range.
Wireless charging uses electromagnetic induction to transfer power from a transmitting source to a receiving device for battery charging without physical connection. It was first proposed in 1890 by Nikola Tesla and has since seen developments that enabled wireless powering of lightbulbs in 2007 and laptops in 2014. A survey of HKBU year 1 students found that most knew about wireless charging but not its working principles, and they accept the technology as convenient while noting slower speeds than wired charging. Applications include phones, watches, vehicles, and public infrastructure like electronically charged highways. While advantageous for its protected connections and convenience, disadvantages include slower charging rates and increased device complexity and cost. Wireless charging is seen as a promising technology that continues to develop for use
The document describes a proposed automatic power-adjustable charger that can charge devices with different power requirements. It aims to address issues with using incompatible chargers that can damage batteries. The charger would use a microcontroller and communicating circuit to analyze the power needs of the connected device's battery. It would then adjust its current and voltage output to precisely match the required charging rate, minimizing risks of overcharging. Diagrams and test results are provided showing the charger's regulating components and ability to vary its power output range from 3.5V to 12V and 0.5A to 4A based on the device connected. The goal is to develop a universal charger capable of safely charging most smartphones and devices.
This document provides an overview of wireless power transfer through magnetic induction. It discusses the technology's potential benefits, such as reducing electronic waste and improving energy efficiency compared to wired charging. Current applications of wireless power include charging stands for smartphones, computer mice, and envisioned uses in electric vehicles and medical implants. Standards organizations have developed specifications to ensure compatibility between wireless power devices. The document also provides background on the physics principles behind wireless power transfer, such as electromagnetic induction and alternating current circuits.
Performance of Ultra Reliable low Latency Communication (URLLC) in 5G Wireles...awszuher
This document summarizes a research paper that focuses on allowing Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services to estimate electric vehicle wireless charging (EVWC). The research discusses the advantages of EVWC such as eliminating wire damage risks and saving time compared to wired charging. It also notes that EVWC is a green technology that can help reduce pollution. The document reviews related works on 5G technologies that enable URLLC for applications like EVWC. It provides details on the principles and operation of EV wireless power transfer. The research presents a proposed EVWC system design in Simulink and discusses the results, showing transmitted voltage and power wirelessly to charge a battery. It concludes that EVWC is an important topic
IRJET - Wireless Charging Station for Electric Vehicle IRJET Journal
This document discusses wireless charging systems for electric vehicles. It begins by introducing the motivation for electric vehicles to reduce emissions and discusses some limitations of wired charging systems, such as inconvenience. Wireless charging systems are presented as an opportunity to charge electric vehicles simply by parking over a charging spot or even while driving. The document then provides details on the basic operating principles of wireless charging and categorizes wireless charging systems as either static (vehicle is stationary) or dynamic (vehicle is moving). Static wireless charging systems can be installed in parking lots while dynamic wireless charging allows charging during transit. The document discusses challenges with wireless charging systems and their future potential to revolutionize transportation.
The document discusses wireless charging of electric vehicles. It introduces electric vehicles and their benefits over combustion engine vehicles. It then discusses how wireless charging can help address some limitations of electric vehicles by allowing charging without plugging in. The document outlines the objectives of developing a wireless charging prototype for electric vehicles using inductive coupling technology. It provides a block diagram of the system including components like solar panels, batteries, transformers, regulators, and coils. It explains how energy from the transmitter coil would be wirelessly transmitted to the receiving coil in the electric vehicle to charge its battery. The conclusion discusses the potential of wireless charging to revolutionize electric vehicle technology.
This document discusses the technology behind self-charging mobile phones. It describes how radio waves can be used to wirelessly charge phones through a process called radiocharging. Radio waves are transmitted from an antenna and received by a receiver on the phone called a rectenna, which converts the radio waves to electric current to charge the battery. While the technology is still being developed and improved, self-charging phones would allow for more convenient charging without power cords.
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Wireless energy transmission final copy
1. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
HITS COE 1 2013-14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With great pleasure I want to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt
gratitude to all the people who helped in making this seminar work a grand success.
I express my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. B. Karunaiah
Coordinator for his constant guidance throughout seminar work.
I would like to thank Prof. K. V. Murali Mohan, Head of the Department,
Electronics and Communication Engineering, for being moral support throughout
the period of study in HITSCOE.
First of all I am highly indebted to Principal Dr. N. Subhash Chandra, for
giving me the permission to carry out this seminar.
I would like to thank the Teaching & Non-Teaching staff of ECE
Department for sharing their knowledge with me.
Last but not the least I express my sincere thanks to Mr. A. Vara Prasad
Reddy Chairman and Mrs. A. Vijaya Sarada Reddy Secretary, HITS Group of
Institutions, for their continuous care towards my achievements.
G Nikhil
2. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
HITS COE 2 2013-14
Abstract
Wireless energy transmission is the transmission of electrical energy
from a power source to an electrical load without man-made conductors. Wireless
transmission is useful in cases where inter connecting wires are inconvenient
hazardous, impossible. The problem of wireless power transmission differs from that
of wireless tele -communication such as radio. In the latter, the proportion of energy
received becomes critical only if it is too low for the signal to be distinguished from
the back ground noise. With wireless power, efficiency is the more significant
parameter. A large part of the energy sent out by the generating plant must arrive at
the receiver or receivers to make the system economical.
The most common form of wireless power transmission is carried out using
direct induction followed by resonant magnetic induction. Other methods under
consideration are electromagnetic radiation in the form of microwaves or lasers and
electrical conduction through natural media
An electric current flowing through a conductor, such as a wire, carries
electrical energy. When an electric current passes through a circuit there is an electric
field in the dielectric surrounding the conductor; magnetic field lines around the
conductor and lines of electric force radially about the conductor.
The electric field of a circuit over which energy flows has three main axes at right
angles with each other:
1. The magnetic field, concentric with the conductor.
2. The lines of electric field, radial to the conductor.
3. The power gradient, parallel to the conductor.
3. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Abstract
List of Tables
List of figures
1. Introduction
2. Background
Goal
Justification
Safety
Power Usage
Potential
Investment
3. Requirement
Wireless Energy Transfer
Efficiency
Transmitting/Receiving Coils
4. Design
The System
Power Transfer
Efficiency
Coil Inductors
4. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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Capacitors
5. Construction
6. Testing
Setup
Coil Measurements
Calculations
Data
Results
Component Testing
7. Conclusions and Reccomendations
Coils
Frequency
Power Inverting/Converting
8. References
5. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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List of Tables
Table Page
1. Coil measurements and Q data
2. Coil Powers and Efficiencies
6. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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List of figures
Figure Page
1. Inductive Coupling System
2. Block Diagram of the System
3. Wireless Power Transfer Circuit Design
4. Power efficiency vs. distance graph based on coil sizes
5. Resonant Inductive Coupling Setup
6. Distance characteristics of the Trans.(2)/Rec. H Hook Wire System
7. Distance characteristics of the Trans.(1)/Rec. H Hook Wire System
8. Inverter/Converter Component Diagram
7. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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1.INTRODUCTION
Phones are now an integral component in the daily lives of people.
Smartphones give access to movies, internet, and even books. This versatility and
increased use can also lead to a shorter battery life. A phone with video viewing
capabilities will be a heavy load on the unit’s battery. With phones utilizing 3G and
4G technology, even heavier demands are placed on the battery. Utilizing all of
these capabilities on a smartphone gives the device an average of seven hours of
battery life [1]. As technology improves even further to provide for a larger
entertainment experience on the phone, this could also lead to further battery
degradation if the current battery situation isn’t addressed. To have a fully
operational phone throughout the day, a wireless energy transfer car charger can be
utilized.
The solution starts with a car. For a lot of people, driving in their car is an integral
part of everyday life. The average US driver is in their vehicle for 55 minutes a day
[2]. With smartphones such as the iPhone taking around two hours to charge, this
creates the perfect opportunity to provide for extra charge during the day [3].
Although it will not completely charge the phone, it will help keep the phone
operational by keeping it charged steadily throughout the day. With a wireless
energy system, it would be possible to charge a phone without having to make the
effort to connect the phone to a charger once in a car. A pocketed phone will
charge wirelessly through a transmitter coil under the seat. No work or thought is
needed by the user to charge the phone after initial setup. The energy for the
charger is provided by the car battery.
8. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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2.BACKROUND
Goal:
The aim of this project is to create the wireless energy transfer system that will
allow future systems to wirelessly charge phones. The goal is to obtain an
efficiency of 70% at a distance of 1 ft. 70% is the minimum requirement for the Qi
low power standard, and a foot would give sufficient range for user interaction [4].
The Qi low power standard is a set of wireless power specifications that companies
have to follow in order to gain the recognition of the Wireless Power Consortium.
Overall, these goals would make it possible for a charging system to be efficient,
and also give the system a good charging radius. A product that uses this
technology would be a working system where someone can sit in their car and have
their phone charge requiring a conscious effort to initiate the charging.
Justification:
In 2010, Android and iPhone users spent an average of 80 min/day using mobile
apps alone [5]. With the inclusion of video and constantly improving mobile
telecommunication standards, smartphones need an extended charging period
throughout the day to keep them operational.
Low batteries limit the user’s capabilities on the phone. A system that is installed
in the car will constantly charge the phone without the user’s effort. This will
reduce low battery situations, since the phone can be charging every time a user
drives their car.
Currently, when phone users are unable to reach their home chargers, the only
solution is to use a car charger. Plugging a phone into a car charger when entering
car, and unplugging it when leaving becomes an unwanted, but necessary, task for
many phone users in order to maintain an acceptable charge. A wireless energy
transferred system will remove the need for a charger, and will simply start
9. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
HITS COE 9 2013-14
charging as the user enters the vehicle and sits down. This is an excellent time to
release such a product with wireless energy capabilities.
Safety:
With the small amount of magnetism involved, there aren’t any known problems
caused by the wirelessly transferred energy. Studies done with much more
powerful magnets have shown not to have produced any potential harm in the
human body [6]. The wireless energy system uses common materials, such as
copper wire and capacitors that cause no danger to humans. The system does no
extra harm itself, as it is housed inside of a vehicle.
Power Usage:
The system uses around 5W, provided by the car battery, to charge a phone that
requires 3.5W to charge. Since the energy is transmitted wirelessly, it is trading
off efficiency for practicality. The charger uses the car battery to charge the phone
battery, which causes some pollution compared to a solar charger.
Potential:
If the manufacturer outsourced all of its parts, then the total cost of the system
would be around $80, and it could retail for $110 or more. The cost of the system
would decrease if the seller created their own parts. Being an item of luxury, the
price can be justified by its practicality. Automotive maintenance shops could also
charge for installation. The lifetime of the product is very large because there are
few moving parts, and the system only serves to transfer power; leaving little
probability of any immediate problems. There are no operation costs, besides fuel
used to charge the battery, but maintenance/replacements of the receiving coil or
transmitting coils may arise.
10. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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Investment:
The people that would be involved in the application of this product could most
likely become a small startup company. Since a wireless energy powered car
charger is a relatively new concept for a product, it would be a great opportunity
for a new company to build a business around. A larger company could also pick
up this product. They would have larger potential for profit, since they will be able
to machine the charging system themselves. A wireless energy transfer car charger
would make a great addition to the product line of an electronics company.
11. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
HITS COE 11 2013-14
3.REQUIREMENTS
Wireless Energy Transfer:
The plan is to create a system that can transmit power wirelessly. This is achieved
by connecting a power source to an inductive coupling system that uses magnetic
fields to transfer the energy through air. The coupling system involves a
transmitting coil component L1 sending energy to a receiving coil component L2.
This is done by sending an energy signal through the L1 coil, and creating a
magnetic field B. The L2 coil then creates an energy signal using the magnetic
field. The coupling system is shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1: Inductive Coupling System [4]
The system’s efficiency is based on the size ratio D2/D1 of the two coils and the
distance between the two coils (z). As the ratio D2/D1 decreases, the efficiency
will decrease. As the distance between the two coils increases, the efficiency also
decreases.
The power source is connected to the first two transmitting coils, and then will
wirelessly transfer the energy to the receiving two coils. This energy will then go
towards charging the battery of a phone, which would be the load.
12. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
HITS COE 12 2013-14
Efficiency:
One of the main problems of inductive coupling is the efficiency output. A way
that may increase the efficiency is to use a newly invented system that uses four
inductive coils instead of just two to increase the efficiency and range [7]. Each of
the transmitting and receiving coils each have an additional transmitting and
receiving coil attached to it that are identical to their counterpart, except being only
half the size. In theory, the two coils work together to transmit magnetic waves to
the boosted receiver, while using the same current that a single coil system would.
The D2/D1 ratio, as well as the coil distance z, affect the efficiency as well, and
must be considered when designing the system.
Transmitting/Receiving Coils:
Since the receiving coil will eventually be attached to the phone, the size of the
coils will have to be decided by the size of the phone. Typical phones, such as the
iPhone 4 and Droid 2, only have their small side length of 2.31’’ and 2.39’’,
respectively [8] [9]. That's why the receiving primary coil will be built to have a
radius of about 2.25 inches in diameter, and the secondary coil half the size. The
receiving coil should not have a diameter that is less than 0.3 the size of the
transmitting coil, otherwise the efficiency will drastically go down. This will make
the primary transmitting coil have a diameter of 7.5 inches, with the secondary coil
half of that size.
13. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
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4.DESIGN
The System:
The design of the project is to take the energy from a power source and allow it to
be transferred wirelessly. The receiving AC will then be converted to DC for
charging. The main part that the design needed is the capability to transfer the
energy wirelessly. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the wireless system.
Figure 2: Block Diagram of the System
Power Transfer:
The AC power source will be transmitted wirelessly through resonant inductive
coupling. The inductance of the inductor can be measured, and then coupled with a
capacitor to be tuned to a frequency. The frequencies can be matched by both the
transmitting and receiving coils, allowing them to communicate together much
more efficiently. Figure 3 below shows the circuit of the inductive coupling
system.
Figure 3: Wireless Power Transfer Circuit Design
14. WIRELESS ENERGY TRNSMISSION
HITS COE 14 2013-14
After the receiving coil obtains the AC, it will be converted back to DC using a full
wave rectifier and regulator circuit. This will give the phone the right amount of
energy it needs to charge.
Efficiency:
For efficiency, various coils were created to test which configurations produced the
best efficiencies. A four-coil system has been implemented that used two
connected coils on the transmitting size, one half the size of the other. Other two-
coil systems were also implemented for experimentation. In order to obtain
maximum efficiency, the transmitting to receiving coil ratio would be 1:1. The goal
is to find an appropriate ratio that still provides appropriate efficiency, while also
giving a larger coil-to-coil distance. This is done by making the transmitting coil
larger than the receiving coil, but not so large to decrease the efficiency too much.
To maintain an efficiency above 70%, while gaining a larger D1, a coil size ratio
D2/D1of 0.3 was chosen. The larger D1 is useful for increasing the size of z, while
maintaining efficiency. The 0.3 ratio was obtained from Figure 4 below, which
provided information about the efficiencies of various D2/D1 coil ratios.
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Figure 4: Power efficiency vs. distance graph based on coil sizes [4]
The graph was obtained from calculated values of coils with a quality factor of
100.
Coil Inductors:
With the transmitting coil having no size constraints, the constraints come from the
size of the phone. With the iPhone 4 having a width of 2.31 in, being the general
size of a smartphone, the receiving coil design has a 2.25 in. diameter. So, with a
set receiving coil size, a transmitter coil maintaining the 0.3 coil size ratio would
be 7.5 inches in diameter. Although the 0.3 line trails with increasing distance, the
four-coil system should improve the efficiency with longer distances.
Capacitors:
In order to choose the correct capacitors with which to couple the coils with, the
following formula must be used:
_ _ _
__√_ _
The frequency can then be found with a given capacitor coupled with an inductor
coil, or the frequency can be chosen and a capacitor calculated. The other capacitor
value can then be found for the other coil using the formula:
_
C = ___
The capacitors will then be connected in parallel with the inductors to create a
resonant coupling. The quality factor is based on the ratio of the apparent power to
the power losses in a device [4]. As the quality factor increases, the power losses
decrease. Building useful coils require them to have a quality factor Q around 100
and above. The formula for quality factor is:
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_ _ __
If the quality factor is too low, the coil material or the coil design could be useless,
and should be changed. The quality factor can also be increased by increasing the
frequency, which will decrease the capacitor values.
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5.CONSTRUCTION
Transmitting 20N Vertical Magnet Wire Coil:
A 7.5 in. (19cm) transmitting coil with 10 turns, wound with a 9.5cm secondary
coil with 10 turns was created out of 22-guage enameled magnet wire (labeled
Trans. 20N V Magnet Wire on tables). The turns were wound vertically with
respect to each loop, which gave it a height of 0.8cm.
Receiving 20N Vertical Magnet Wire Coil:
A 2.25 in. (5.8cm) receiving coil with 10 turns, wound with a 2.9cm secondary coil
with 10 turns was also created out of 26-guage enameled magnet wire (Rec. 20N V
Magnet Wire). The turns were also vertical, which gave it a height of
0.4cm.
Transmitting/Receiving 10N Vertical Magnet Wire Coils:
A 10 turn, vertically wound, 19cm transmitting coil was made with 22-guage
enameled magnet wire for testing (Trans. 10N V Magnet Wire). This coil was
made without the secondary coil to observe the benefits of the four-coil system. A
10 turn, vertically wound, 5.8cm receiving coil was also made with 22-guage
enameled magnet wire to match the transmitting coil (Rec. 10N V Magnet Wire).
Transmitting/Receiving 5N Horizontal Magnet Wire Coils:
To test varying coil constructions, a pair of 5 turn, horizontally wound, 5.8cm coils
were made with 22-guage enameled magnet wire to test the horizontal system, and
how similar-sized coils transmit energy (Trans/Rec. 5N H Magnet Wire).
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Transmitting(1,2)/Receiving 10N Horizontal Copper Hook Wire
Coils:
A 19cm, 10 turn, horizontally wound transmitting coil was created with 22-guage
copper hookup wire to test out a different inductive material (Trans.(1) 10N H
Copper Hook Wire 1). Two 10 turn, horizontally wound, 5.8cm coils were also
made with 22-guage copper hookup wire to test with the transmitting coil, and with
each other (Trans.(2) 10N H. Copper Hook Wire 2, Rec. 10N H. Copper Hook
Wire).
Transmitting/Receiving 5N Horizontal Tinned Copper Bus Coils:
I also created some prototype coils made of tinned copper bus wire, made as
5.8cm, 5 turn, horizontally wound receiving coils for further testing of efficiencies
on different inductive materials (Trans./Rec. 5N H Tinned Copper Bus).
Transmitting/Receiving 5N H Copper Wrap Wire Coils:
Two more prototype coils made of copper wrapping wire were created, made as
5.8cm, 5 turn, horizontally wound receiving coils (Trans./Rec. 5N H Copper Wrap
Wire). This was done to further test alternate inductive materials.
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6.TESTING
Setup
In lab, transmitting coils are tested individually with a receiving coil, coupled
together with capacitors. An input AC wave was introduced using a Function
Generator, and the input/output signals were sent to the oscilloscope to measure the
voltage. To measure the current, the multimeter was connected in series with either
the input or output, and the AC current was measured. A small valued resistor was
then connected to the load to test the efficiency ratios of the system. Figure 5
shows the general setup of coil testing.
Figure 5: Resonant Inductive Coupling Setup
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Coil Measurements
Each of the coil’s inductance and resistance were measured for coupling and
quality factor calculations. Below is a table of the measured values of the coils, and
their calculated quality factors given the calculated testing frequencies.
Coil Inductance(mH)R(Ω)
Coupled
Frequency(Hz)
Quality
Factor
Trans. 20N V Magnet Wire 0.0874 0.607 3700033.47374736
Rec. 20N V Magnet Wire 0.0263 0.625 370009.782668196
Trans. 10N V Magnet Wire 0.13 1.25 6100039.86052759
Rec. 10N V Magnet Wire 0.077 0.275 61000 107.316805
Trans. 5N H Magnet Wire 0.0598 0.206 164000299.1284221
Rec. 5N H Magnet Wire 0.0728 0.23 164000326.1574175
Trans. 10N H Copper
Hook Wire 1 0.1685 0.603 58000101.8334494
Trans. 10N H Copper
Hook Wire 2 0.112 0.234 121000363.8877234
Rec. 10N H Copper Hook
Wire 0.0942 0.229 58000149.9074727
Trans. 5N H Tinned
Copper Bus 0.1727 0.159 3390002313.528105
Rec. 5N H Tinned Copper
Bus 0.1726 0.223 3390001648.600757
Trans. 5N H Copper Wrap
Wire 1.6377 0.986 93000970.5552228
Rec. 5N H Copper Wrap
Wire 1.3305 0.923 93000842.3178318
Table 1: Coil measurements and Q data
Calculations
The data below shows the different coils tested with different resistor values, and
their respected efficiencies.
Trans./Rec. 20N V Magnet ,Wire 1 Ohm
Vin = 8 Vpp, Iin = 0.01140 Arms
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Data
The table below shows the powers and efficiencies given by the various coil
configurations.
Coil
Resistance
(Ohms)
Pin-
avg(W)
Pout-
avg(W)
Efficiency
(%)
Trans./Rec. 20N V Magnet Wire 1 0.03224 0.00145 4.50
8 0.04336 0.00917 21.15
Trans./Rec. 10N V Magnet Wire 1 0.05784 0.00404 6.98
8 0.06535 0.00867 13.27
Trans/Rec. 5N H Magnet Wire 100 0.18927 0.02071 10.94
8 0.19473 0.04820 24.75
Trans.(1)/Rec. 10N H Copper
Hook Wire 8 0.06337 0.01624 19.36
Trans.(2)/Rec. 10N H Copper
Hook Wire 8 0.18409 0.09234 50.16
Trans./Rec. 5N H Tinned
Copper Bus 8 0.09893 0.00061 0.62
Trans./Rec. 5N H Copper Wrap
Wire 8 0.23538 0.04319 18.35
Table 2: Coil Powers and Efficiencies
With the horizontal copper hookup wire system giving the best efficiencies,
some range tests were done to give an idea on how far the range of the two coils
can be stretched. Figure 6 and 7 below show tests of efficiency vs. distance for
tests involving the horizontal copper wire coils.
figure 6: Distance characteristics of the Trans.(2)/Rec. H Hook Wire System
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Figure 7: Distance characteristics of the Trans.(2)/Rec. H Hook Wire System
Results
In lab, the coils did not test as well as expected. It was especially noticeable when
pairing the transmitting coils with the receiving coils, where the efficiency dipped
greatly. Even the highest efficiency obtained was less than the standard 70%,
obtaining only up to 50%.
Although the insulated wrapping wire provided good results, and had potential to
give good quality factors, the material felt too fragile and thin. It doesn’t seem to
be smart to use it, especially in higher power situations. Either way, the copper
hookup wire provided better results under the same conditions. The tinned copper
bus wire also had slightly better L and R values than the hookup wire, but didn’t
seem to work to transfer wireless energy. The four-coil system also did not live up
to its name, testing worse than the hookup wire coils. This could have also been
caused by the material, since the similar configurations of magnet wire coils also
tested worse than the hookup wire coils.
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Component Testing
Some additional testing was done on equipment that can be used for future
construction of a charger for a car. A 12V DC to AC inverter and AC to DC
converter were tested to measure efficiency and reliability. With the car battery
connected to the inverter, attached to the converter, charging the phone, the phone
would charge. The system was then taken into a lab, and the inverter was
connected to a power supply which provided 12V. The output of the converter was
connected to the phone to charge it once again. The results of the inverter/converter
system measurements are shown below:
Figure 8 shows a diagram of the connected
components below:
Figure 8: Inverter/Converter Component Diagram
I connected the above and measured Pin and Pout.
Pin = 12VDC * .530ADC = 6.36 W
Pout = 5VDC * .7ADC = 3.5 W, Total Efficiency = 55%
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I then measured the output of the inverter using a multimeter. Inverter output - V
=138 Vp, I = .04597 Arms, P = 4.4858 W
Inverter efficiency = 4.3858 W / 6.36 W = 68.96%
Converter efficiency = 3.5 W / 4.3858 W = 79.8
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7.CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS
The wireless energy transfer method that was created gave results that were lower
than the Qi power requirements. There are several complications that make the
system difficult to build.
Coils
The wireless coils are the main key to the whole system. Making the goal of a 70%
efficient wireless power transfer with the distance of 1 foot between the
transmitting and receiving coil did not come to fruition. Although there were some
good experiments dealing with coils of similar size, in any case where the coil ratio
was 0.3, the efficiency decreased. This was unfortunate, since that coil ratio
seemed to be usable based on Figure 4. The only positive outcome of using a larger
transmitting coil is found when the distance is increased, and the voltage takes a lot
longer to fall to zero volts. Further testing could provide a transmitting coil and
receiving coil that communicate well together, and thereby providing a coil system
that can provide some distance in between each coil, and still maintaining a good
efficiency. Realistically, with a transmitting coil with a length of 7.5 in, the
distance in between the coils while maintaining a usable efficiency would be about
3 in.
Frequency
There is also a problem with the inductance and resistance values of the coils.
Although most of them provided a reasonable quality factor in the lab, the coils
would have a lower quality factor when the frequency is changed to the 60-600Hz
area. With 60 Hz being the value of frequency usually found in AC plugs in the
US, it would be beneficial for inductive coils to be usable at that value. And
although a frequency multiplier can be used to increase the frequency, the
multiplier to get a 60 Hz wave to the 50000 Hz area would be about 800, which is
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difficult to execute. A simple way to create the AC signal would be to use the
inverter to power a function generator. Unfortunately, this will decrease the
efficiency even more. Testing different materials for their large inductance values,
while maintaining a low resistance, could be beneficial in the future to increase the
quality factor at all frequency values.
Power Inverting/Converting
If using the car battery to charge, the system needs to convert from the DC to AC
in order to transfer the electricity wirelessly, which lowers the efficiency of the
system. Also, the AC signal has to be converted back into DC in order to charge
the battery in the phone, reducing the efficiency even more. The fact that the
inverter/converter system itself had such a low efficiency did not help the entire
system at all. Since the inverter output was 138Vp instead of 120Vp, this may have
also decreased the converter efficiency. A better inverter may provide for a
betterinverter/converter system, and testing can be done to see if a better input
signal to the converter would help its own efficiency. This will help the entire
system with the wireless energy transfer system incorporated to it, since it will help
improve the total system efficiency.
With these problems amended, the wireless energy charger will be able to be made,
and also be useful. Until then, these problems are great and stand in the way of the
charger. The wireless energy technology can be used for other useful projects and
charging systems.
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8.REFERENCES
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[2] Research and Innovative Technology Administration, National
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[4] Wireless Power Consortium, Creating the Standard for Wireless
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[5] AdMob, Metrics Highlights, AdMob Mobile Metrics, May 2010.
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[6] Sullivan, Walter, Do enormous Magnets Affect the Human Body?, The
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[7] RamRakhyani, Anil Kumar; Mirabbasi, Shahriar; Chiao, Mu; , Design
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for Biomedical Implants, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems,
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[8] Apple Inc., iPhone 4 Technical Specifications, Apple Inc., 2011.
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[9] Phone Arena, Motorola Droid 2, Phone Arena, August 10, 2010.
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