The document discusses intranets and wireless networks. It defines an intranet as a private network within an organization that uses Internet standards like HTML and TCP/IP. Wireless networks allow devices to connect without wires using radio waves. Different types are described, including wireless PANs, LANs, WANs and cellular networks. Benefits of wireless networks include mobility, convenience and easy setup while avoiding wiring costs, but they can be subject to interference.

1. Karthik V S
Madhumathi.s
Nasrun nissa
Salman Ayoob
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2.  A LOCAL OR RESTRICTED COMMUNICATIION
NETWORK,ESPECIALLY A PRIVATE NETWORK
CREATED USING WORLD WIDE WEB
 INTRA (WITHIN) + NET (INTERCONNECTED
COMPUTERS)

3. E BUSINESS REQUIRES A NETWORK
PROBLEM,WHICH IS SEAMLESS AND ALLOWS
SMOOTH FLOW OF DATA AND INFORMATION
IN ANY FORM FROM ANY LOCATION TO ANY
OTHER DESTINATION (S).

4.  INTRANET IS A VERSION OF INTERNET CONFINED
TO AN ORGANISATION
 IT USES INTERNET STANDARDS LIKE HTML,HTTP, &
TCP/IP.

5.  INTRANET USES INTERNET STANDARDS
NAMELY HTML(HYPER TEXT MARKUP
LANGUAGE),HTTP(HYPER TEXT TRANSFER
PROTOCOL) AND TCP/IP(TRANSMISSION
CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL).

6.  HTML – STANDARD MARK UP LANGUAGE
USED FOR CREATING WEB PAGES AND WEB
APPLICATIONS
 TCP/IP – SET OF RULES THAT GOVERNS THE
CONNECTION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS TO
INTERNET.

7.  WEB SERVER – IT IS A PROGRAM THAT USES
HTTP TO SERVE THE FILE THAT FORMS THE
WEB PAGE TO USERS IN RESPONSE TO THEIR
REQUESTS.
 WEB PAGE – A HYPERTEXT DOCUMENT
CONNECTED TO WORLD WIDE WEB

8.  ACCESS MANUALS,CONTRACTS,DIRECTORIES
 ACCESS PRODUCT,CUSTOMER DATA
 REVISION,VALIDATION & APPROVAL OF
DOCUMENTS
 ACCESS EMPLOYEE DATA BASE

9.  In Intranet, each client must have an IP address. IP
address is written in four segments divided by periods.
Example: 219.44.189.10
 Install TCP/IP for server, clients and routers.
 Select an Intranet web server.
 Web servers are available on Windows NT, Novel and
IBM platforms.
 The servers have features like encryption of text,
database connectivity, search engine and HTML tools.
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10.  Set up security features, namely
◦ Access control
◦ Restrict access from certain addresses.
 Select a web browser. Popular web browsers are
Internet Explorer and Netscape.
 The features of the web browser include
◦ Cross platform compatibility
◦ HTML extensions
◦ Plug-ins for other software applications
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11.  Make Intranet operational
a) Convert existing documents into Intranet
documents
b) Create forms using form creation software and
text editors
c) Add value to the Intranet – Search engine
d) Form groups of Intranet users
e) Extend the power of Intranet
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12.  Connect intranet to corporate data
a) Provide links to corporate data, if web enabled
databases are not used
b) Make a list of standard, most often asked reports,
create templates and link them to the database
c) Introduce data driven intranet pages
d) Build security features to control access and
misuse of information
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13.  Traditional approach – Centralized information
management
◦ Costly approach
◦ Delays the data processing
 Intranet
◦ Assures quality of data input
◦ Reduces data entry
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14.  Publishing – Manuals, Directories
 Distribution – Multiple users, User groups
 Form processing – Leave application, Admission
application
 Interactive – Test and certification
 Transaction processing – Order processing and delivery
billing
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15.  Collaborative processing – Work group and workflow
applications
 Information Sharing – Messaging applications
 Query processing – Database queries and
queries on status of
order, balance, value etc.
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19.  A wireless network enables people to
communicate and access applications and
information without wires.

20.  Employ radio waves and/or microwaves to
maintain communication channels
 one of two topologies
Infrastructure mode:
 Connected to a computer with an access
point on the network
Ad-hoc mode: peer-to-peer network
 Connected to a wireless adapter broadcasts
capable computer
 without an access point
within about 300 feet

21.  Small PAN, employs Radio Frequency (RF)
 eight devices can connect, 722Kbps
 short range in operation- under 10-meter
area
 very low cost, low power requirement
 Devices that Use Bluetooth
 Printers
 Cell Phones
 Laptops
 Keyboards and Mice
 Headsets
 Example-FedEx

22.  wireless LAN, transmit 54Mbps
 Access point – box radio receiver/transmitter
antennas link to wired network, router, or hub
 Infrastructure and ad hoc
 radio frequency
 20 meters indoors
 Devices Uses Wi-Fi:
 personal computer
 Smartphone,
 digital cameras
 modern printers.

23.  Broadband internet connectivity
 Uses MAN
 75 Mbps, at a distance of 50 kilometers
 Mobility
 Device use WiMax like Dongle, laptop
 4G network
 Voice calling
 Video calling

24.  Case Study: Peripatetic Classroom
 In this institution, a trolley was purchased which contains 16 laptop
PCs which are all equipped with PCMCIA wireless network cards and a
Cisco 802.11b wireless access point. The trolley is equipped with a
power supply which enables the laptops to recharge their batteries
when not in use.
 When a lecturer wishes his students to use IT facilities as part of his
class, he simply books the trolley. This makes the occasional use of IT
during a lecture much simpler as it does not require the complex
timetabling of special rooms. If there were sufficient demand to justify
it, additional trolleys could be purchased . In practice, this facility has
proved very reliable. The access point is operating in open space in a
classroom so the signal strength is good and there have not been any
performance issues so far. The main drawback to date has been that a
technician is required to physically set up the laptops and connect the
access point before the class. He must also ensure that each laptop is
properly connected in the trolley to its power connections after the
class so that the battery is recharged.
 This example demonstrates the value of wireless networking where
there is a transient or occasional demand. A single access point can
support 16 users when used in open space and when the users are
being directed in their activities. It also demonstrates that truly
wireless networking relies on being able to recharge laptop batteries,
a fact that is often overlooked.

25.  Wireless PAN
Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) interconnect devices
within a relatively small area, that is generally within a
person's reach. For example, both Bluetooth radio and
invisible infrared light provides a WPAN for interconnecting a
headset to a laptop.

Wireless LAN
A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more
devices over a short distance using a wireless distribution
method, usually providing a connection through an access
point for internet access.
The use of spread-spectrum or OFDM technologies may allow
users to move around within a local coverage area, and still
remain connected to the network.

26.  Wireless ad hoc network
A wireless ad hoc network, also known as a wireless
mesh network or mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is
a wireless network made up of radio nodes organized
in a mesh topology. Each node forwards messages on
behalf of the other nodes and each node performs
routing. Ad hoc networks can "self-
heal", automatically re-routing around a node that
has lost power.
Wireless MAN
 Wireless metropolitan area networks are a type of
wireless network that connects several wireless LANs.
 WiMAX is a type of Wireless MAN and is described by
the IEEE 802.16 standard.

27.  Wireless WAN
 Wireless wide area networks are wireless networks
that typically cover large areas, such as between
neighboring towns and cities, or city and suburb.
These networks can be used to connect branch
offices of business or as a public Internet access
system.
 Cellular network
A cellular network or mobile network is a radio
network distributed over land areas called cells, each
served by at least one fixed-location transceiver,
known as a cell site or base station. In a cellular
network, each cell characteristically uses a different
set of radio frequencies from all their immediate
neighboring cells to avoid any interference.

28.  Global area network
 A global area network (GAN) is a network used
for supporting mobile across an arbitrary number
of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc.
The key challenge in mobile communications is
handing off user communications from one local
coverage area to the next.
 Space network
 Space networks are networks used for
communication between spacecraft, usually in
the vicinity of the Earth. The example of this is
NASA's Space Network.

29.  Convenience. Access your network resources from any
location within your wireless network's coverage area or
from any WiFi hotspot.
Mobility. You're no longer tied to your desk, as you were
with a wired connection. You and your employees can go
online in conference room meetings, for example.
Productivity. Wireless access to the Internet and to your
company's key applications and resources helps your staff
get the job done and encourages collaboration.
Easy setup. You don't have to string cables, so installation
can be quick and cost-effective.

30. Expandable. You can easily expand wireless
networks with existing equipment, while a wired
network might require additional wiring.
Security. Advances in wireless networks provide
robust security protections.
Cost. Because wireless networks eliminate or
reduce wiring costs, they can cost less to operate
than wired networks.

31.  Interferences
 Compared to wired systems, wireless networks are frequently
subject to electromagnetic interference. This can be caused
by other networks or other types of equipment that generate
radio waves that are within, or close, to the radio bands used
for communication. Interference can degrade the signal or
cause the system to fail.
Absorption and reflection
 Some materials cause absorption of electromagnetic waves,
preventing it from reaching the receiver, in other cases,
particularly with metallic or conductive materials reflection
occurs. This can cause dead zones where no reception is
available. Aluminium foiled thermal isolation in modern
homes can easily reduce indoor mobile signals by 10 dB
frequently leading to complaints about the bad reception of
long-distance rural cell signals.

32. Multipath fading
 In multipath fading two or more different routes taken by
the signal, due to reflections, can cause the signal to
cancel out at certain locations, and to be stronger in other
places (upfade).

Hidden node problem
 The hidden node problem occurs in some types of network
when a node is visible from a wireless access point (AP),
but not from other nodes communicating with that AP.
This leads to difficulties in media access control.

Shared resource problem
 The wireless spectrum is a limited resource and shared by
all nodes in the range of its transmitters. Bandwidth
allocation becomes complex with multiple participating
users. Often users are not aware that advertised numbers
(e.g., for IEEE 802.11 equipment or LTE networks) are not
their capacity, but shared with all other users and thus the
individual user rate is far lower.