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SPICE is the acronym of Simulation program with integrated
circuit Emphasis.
The concept of SPICE developed after Electronic Workbench that
is the software to develop the circuit graphically and then simulate
the required result.
Workbench software is reliable and acquires less time in order to
simulate any circuit but its needs to draw circuit as well.
SPICE is a simulation program that does not require to draw any
circuit rather it requires to write net list in a particular and
specified manner.
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SPICE does not need any graphical interface.
SPICE evaluate or simulate the result through text-file description.
SPICE is fairly easy to use for simple circuits, and its non-graphic
interface actually lends itself toward the analysis of circuits that
can be difficult to draw.
Text file means that you can type the net list in a specified manner
through the basic text editor programs such as Notepad and Word
pad.
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The origin of SPICE traces back to another circuit simulation
program called CANCER in 1960s.
The CANCER software continued to be improved till the upper
age of 1970s.
The CANCER software was then rewritten and renamed as SPICE
and its first version was published in 1972 for public domain.
The version 2 of spice was published in a public domain in 1975.
Instrumental in the decision to release SPICE as a public-domain
computer program was professor Donald Pederson of Berkeley,
who believed that all significant technical progress happens when
information is freely shared.
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A major improvement came about in March of 1985
with version 3 of SPICE (also released under public
domain).
Now SPICE is written in the C language rather than
FORTRAN, version 3 incorporated additional transistor
types (the MESFET, for example), and switch elements.
Version 3 also allowed the use of alphabetical node
labels rather than only numbers.
Instructions written for version 2 of SPICE should still
run in version 3, though.
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Programming a circuit simulation with SPICE is much like
programming in any other computer language.
Commands are typed as text in a file, save that file to the
computer's hard drive, and then process the contents of that file
with a program (compiler or interpreter) that understands such
commands.
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Download any SPICE software as PSPICE, LTSPICE, Win SPICE
etc.
Compose a new net list with a text editing program Commonly
Notepad or WordPad).
Save that net list to a file with a name of your choice.
Run SPICE on that net list and observe the results.
If the results contain errors, start up the text editing program again
and modify the net list.
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Run SPICE again and observe the new results.
Once you've "debugged" your net list and are getting good results,
run SPICE again, only this time redirecting the output to a new file
instead of just observing it on the computer screen.
Start up a text editing program or a word processor program and
open the SPICE output file you just created. Modify that file to suit
your formatting needs and either save those changes to disk and/or
print them out on paper.
The extension ".cir" as not mandatory as it also work on ".txt" or
".inp" extensions.
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The net list file format required by SPICE is quite simple. A net list
file is nothing more than a plain ASCII text file containing multiple
lines of text, each line describing either a circuit component or
special SPICE command.
There are two types of circuits i.e. DC and AC circuits.
In this tutorial we will learn how to write net list of DC circuit.
NOTE: We will use Win SPICE in this tutorial. You can get a free trail
of Win SPICE at www.winspice.com
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There are 5 steps to write the net list of
SPICE.
1. Comments; tells us of what circuit the net list is
being written.
2. Declaration of circuit components along with their
types and values.
3. To give input.
4. To print output.
5. End Statement.
Note: From step 3 to 5, it is necessary to place dot (.)
at the beginning of the statement.
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Comments may be included into the net list in two ways:
1. On a single line, using “*” as the first character.
2. After a command line, element line, model line, etc., using “;”.
Examples:
*----------------Example 1--------------*
*----------------Components----------*
*----------------Input-------------------*
Etc.
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*-----DC Fist Example-----*
Node 1
Node 0
General Form of writing source:
Name of component +ve –ve type Value
V1 1 0 dc 10V
General form of writing Resistor:
Name of Resistor +ve –ve Value
R1 1 0 10k
General form of giving input to SPICE:
. Type name of source V0 Vf sweep
.dc V1 10V 10V 1
General form of printing output to SPICE:
. Print dc I(name of according source)
.Print dc I(V1)
End Statement:
.End
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VCVS — Voltage Controlled Voltage Source
The output voltage is given by a voltage gain Av multiplied by an input voltage
v1. Such a source in SPICE is called an E source. (Fig a)
VCCS — Voltage Controlled Current Source
The output current is given by a trans conductance Gm multiplied by an input
voltage v1. Such a source in SPICE is called a G source. (Fig b)
CCVS — Current Controlled Voltage Source
The output voltage is given by a trans resistance Rm multiplied by an input
current i1. Such a source in SPICE is called an F source. (Fig c)
CCCS — Current Controlled Current Source
The output current is given by a current gain Ai multiplied by an input current
i1. Such a source in SPICE is called an H source. (Fig d)
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Voltage controlled voltage source:
Ename N1 N2 NC1 NC2 Value
Voltage controlled current source:
Gname N1 N2 NC1 NC2 Value
Current controlled voltage source:
Hname N1 N2 Vcontrol Value
Current controlled current source:
Fname N1 N2 Vcontrol Value
N1 and N2 are the positive and negative terminals of the dependent source,
respectively.
NC1 and NC2 are the positive and negative terminals of the controlling voltage
source, respectively.
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For History and Procedure of Spice Please visit 1st Tutorial
For DC circuit Analysis please visit 1st Tutorial
For AC circuit Analysis please visit the 2nd Tutorial
For Learning output of Spice please visit 3rd Tutorial
