A perfect guide for beginners for wine and dine.

1. Wines
Back to Basics 2016
Hans Ravi Aruldas

2. Learning outcome
•What is wine
•How wine is made
•The big 6 grapes
•Wine terminology& characteristics
•How to taste wines
•How to open wine and champagne bottle
•What is a Rose and how its made
• What is a dessert wine
•How Champagne is made

3. What is Wine?
Wine can be made up of most
of the ripe fruits and sugary
things. E.g apple, strawberry
In merry old England,mead,
wine made up of honey.
For this guide wine is made
up of fermented juice of ripe
grapes.( vitis vinefera)
Classic European wine
Grapes are Chardonnay,
Sangiovese, Shiraz and so
on.
M
E
A
D

4. Fermentation
Sugar +Yeast= Alcohol=Carbon
Doixide+Flavours&Scents
Sugar- From ripe grapes
Yeast- can be added/can come from
grape skins
Alc%- Produced when yeast consumes
sugar
Carbon Dioxide-dissipates into the
atmosphere
Fermentation- creates the scents and
tastes that give complexity
The Basics
Where wines are grown?
How wines are named and labeled?
The major grapes- color, body
style(light to full), pronunciation of
names

5. Grapes vines can be grown in any location
with a temperate climate
(not too hot or cold). Plenty of sunshine,
water and low humidity.
Wines are named and labeled in 4 ways:
Grape variety-Chardonnay,Merlot
Appellation- Common in Europe countries.
Place of wine growing region or place
grown. E.G Chianti, Chablis
Proprietary name- Brand name.
Generic wines- Not a genuine wine. Used
for cooking.

6. The Big 6
The white grapes are Riesling
(Rees-ling, not Rise-ling),
Sauvignon Blanc (Sow-veen-
yone blahnc), and Chardonnay
(Shahr-duh-nay).
The reds are Pinot Noir (Pee-
no nwahr), Merlot (Murr-low or
Mare-low) and and Syrah (aka
Shiraz).
Body Style White&Red
light: Riesling Pinot Noir
medium: Sauvignon Blanc
/Merlot
full: Chardonnay Syrah/Shiraz

7. How its Made

8. How its made
Wines
https://www.youtube.com/w
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Sparkling Wine
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=dis0Ryx-870
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Xu6Nmq3hbFc
Sherry
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=Jwwdg2Z-yIo

9. White wines
Riesling made from riesling grape which are
light bodied & elegant. Besides just fruit,
you’ll often smell things like honeycomb or
even to a chemical aroma similar to
petrol/gas. Riesling is very high acid, almost
to the level of a tart fruit juice like lemonade.
Dessert riesling which are sweet labelled as
late harvest (vendange tardive in french). Top
rieslings comes from Alsace(France),
Germany, Austria.
Food Pairing: Chicken, duck, soft cow’s milk
cheese, bell pepper
Chardonnay is the world’s most famous
white-wine grape and also one of the most
widely planted. Burgundy France is the home
base of chardonnay grapes. but is now grown
wherever wine is produced, from England to
New Zealand.

10. Chardonnay is an important component of many
sparkling wines around the world, including
Champagne. Great fruity wine with toasty, nutty
and buttery taste from barrel ageing and there are
also steel tank fermentation.
Food Pairing: Fish, Atlantic Salmon, soft – Semi
Soft Cow’s Milk Cheese and Goat Cheese,
Mushrooms, Truffles,
Sauvignon Blanc “Wild White”
Originated from France’s Loire Valley, depending
on whether its grown in a cool weather or warm
conditions its taste varies zesty lime to peach &
Melon. California, Chile, New Zealand makes tasty
example of this. Fruit flavors of Sauvignon Blanc
are lime, green apple, passion fruit whereas it has
herbaceous flavors like bell pepper, jalapeño,
gooseberry and grass.
Food pairings: White meats, White Pepper,
Coriander, Sauté green veggies.

11. Red grapes
Pinot Noir(mutant grape) was first documented in the
1300 grape varieties growing in the Burgundy wine
region of France. Pinot Noir are now made in
California, and New Zealand are the upcoming Pinot
Noir source. Its is oak aged and its amount of oakiness
is matched with its intensity of fruit.
Food Pairing: Salmon roasted chicken or pasta dishes
Merlot a medium bodied wine where the best source
comes from Bordeaux ,Pomerol, St Emilion France
whereas California, Washington are also known for
best merlot based wines.
Shiraz Full Bodied. In France its cultivated since the
Roman times (syrah). But Australian are making equally
good (shiraz) since 1832 aka their signature grape.
French syrah are known for its earthy, smoky, pepper,
spice flavors whereas Australian shiraz are more fruity,
herbal even chocolate notes.
Food Pairing: Barbecue Pork, Beef and Cured Meats

12. Rose usually Italian and Spanish. Rose happens when
the wines touches the skin of the red grapes only for few
hours during the fermentation process. The winemakers
removes the red grapes skins when it reaches a perfect
color.

13. Wine terms
Acidity-Tangy, Crisp,mouth watering.
Characteristics of Sav Blanc,Riesling/Pinot
Noir, Chianti
Balanced- The harmony of wine
fruits,alcohol,acidity,oak and tannin
Bright-bright fruits /bright acidity
Buttery- Creamy,sweet smell of butter.(barrel
fermented chardonnays
Crisp-Acidity
Dry- Without sweetness but fruity.
Earthy- potaoes, mushrooms, dusty.
Floral- Flower scent
Food friendly-goes well with wide selection of
food, not too heavy body.E.G Riesling,Sav
Blanc Chianti,Rioja.
Fruity-Smell & taste of fruitlike lemons and
crisp apple/ cranberries &cherries. But not
sugary.(dry)

14. Grassy-scents of fresh grass /green
vegetables
Legs-speed of drip when you swirl it.light or
full
Nose- smell
Oaky- Barrel aged
Off- dry- lightly sweet wine
Old Vines- aged atleast 30 years,intensely
flavored.
Spicy- cinnamon,ginger,pepper,cardamon
Sweet- left over sugar residue from the
fermentation which is not converted to alc.
Regional/appelation wines-wine named for
the region champagne,chianti.
Tannic- A drying sensation
Terroir-flavours,scents (vineyard source)
Grape Variety- type of grape
used(chardonnay,shiraz)

19. Tasting wines
White wines darkens and turns brown as they age & red wines lighten and
turns brown as they age.
The darker the color the fuller the body.

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYN1
M9oc8-w
How to open
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1O
oHQnEfYE
How to open
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHz
nE5iM0Vs
How to taste

21. What do you perceive:
Body & texture: richness and body for full
red wine. Things that you can feel.
Taste: Sweetness, Bitterness. Varies from
types of wines.
Flavor: Heat in your mouth reacts to the
wine aromas. Letting you distinguish the
flavors of Riesling grape and chardonnay
grape.
Balance: overall impression of the wine body,
flavors, texture, sweetness, acidity. Do you
see a harmony in them.
Quality: Your personal taste.

22. Body White
Grapes
Oakiness Red grapes Tannin Level
Light Body Riesling No oak
Light to
medium
body
Sauvignon
Blanc
No oak or
light to
moderate
oak
Pinot Noir Low tannin
Medium to
full body
Chardonnay Moderate to
heavy
oak(occasion
ally no aok)
Merlot Low to
moderate
tannin
Full Body Moderate to
heavy oak
Shiraz Moderate to
high tannin

23. Origins: The story of how this all started is
attributed to the monk Dom Perignon (1638-
1715), who is noted to have said, “Come quickly,
I’m seeing stars.”, but in reality it was probably
discovered slowly over time by many monks in
the Champagne region.
Types of Sparkling Wine: Producers from every
other region of the world have seized this
moment to shine given the popularity of the
bubbly and the rising cost of champagne. In Spain,
cava is made in many different styles, but the
best examples have small bubbles and balance
freshness with creaminess. The wines that sparkle
in Italy—or more specifically the Veneto region of
Italy—are called Prosecco and have larger bubbles
(better for cocktails) and a focus on the fruit. In
Austria and Germany, where they call them Sekt
(pronounced zekt). Now you see great sparkling
producers in Tazmania, Argentina, Australia,U.S.
History

24. What are the Different Champagne Styles?
Non-Vintage (NV)
Traditional. The most traditional of all Champagne styles.
Non-vintage Champagne is a blend of multiple varieties and
vintages of wine. The goal is to blend a consistent wine every year.
Minimum aging is 1.5 years.
Vintage Millésime
Traditional. There have been 46 years denoted as
vintage years in the last 60 years. Vintage
Champagnes are aged a minimum of 3 years
prior to release.
Cuvée de prestige
Traditional. This is the tête de cuvée or “Grande Cuvee” of a Champagne
house–the very best wine a house produces.
Blanc de Blancs
Non-traditional. A Champagne made completely of white grapes like Chardonnay.
Rosé
Traditional. Typically a blend of white and red wine to create a pink wine
prior to secondary fermentation.

25. Brut
Brut is the level of sweetness in Champagne. The level of
sweetness varies in Champagne from “Brut Zero” as in no
sweetness to “Doux” as in SWEET DESSERT. This can
be helpful in sorting the level of sugar you like..
Brut Nature
Brut Zero 0-3 g/l RS
Extra Brut
0-6 g/l RS
Brut
0-12 g/l RS
Extra Dry
12-17 g/l RS
Dry
17-32 g/l RS
Demi-Sec
32-50 g/l RS
Doux
50+ g/l RS

26. Dessert Wines
Port is a sweet, red, fortified wine due to its late harvest
from Portugal
So that the grapes becomes extra ripe & sugar rich.
There are 2 main style of port:
Ruby style Port also known as Vinho do Porto served as
dessert wine with more berry and chocolate flavors (and
slightly less sweetness).
Tawny style Port are given long cask aging, during which
time oxidizes to a tawny shade with more caramel and
nut
flavors (and more sweetness).

27. Sherry is a fortified white wine from Andalucía
Southern Spain. Most of it is dry and meant to be
paired with food. True Sherry can only be made in
Southern Spain in regions such as Malaga, Montila,
Sherry.
Types of Sherry Wine
FINO are aged for 2 to 10 years and these are the
lightest style of sherry, Fino goes very well with olives,
cured meat and also oysters. E.G Tio pepe for light and
crisp taste.
OLOROSO five to twenty-five years, the wine in a
Sherry solera will develop into a full-bodied, dark and
expressive substance with aromatic and spicy flavor..
Enjoyed with braised beef, bitter chocolate, and bleu
cheese. E.G Gonzalez-Byass

29. Do It Yourself
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Xq4kQ1vlwzE