The document discusses the Windows command prompt (CMD), including:
1. How the command line works and how to open the command prompt in Windows.
2. How to enter commands in the command prompt and how commands can be combined.
3. An overview of common Windows CMD commands divided into categories like basics, files, system, and network, listing the command purpose and supported Windows versions.
MS-DOS was first released in 1981 and was the dominant operating system for personal computers until the mid-1990s. It provided basic file management and program execution capabilities through command line commands. Some key commands included DIR to list files, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, EDIT to edit text files, and CD to change directories. MS-DOS also supported wildcards, file attributes, path names, and other features to help users organize and manage files and folders through the command prompt.
The document discusses the Command Prompt interface in Windows. It provides information on how to locate and open the Command Prompt window. Several basic commands used in Command Prompt are described, including CD to change directories, DIR to view the current directory contents, MKDIR to create new folders, and DEL to delete folders. The document also demonstrates using commands to rename folders, copy output to the clipboard, manage wireless networks, view installed programs, and change the Command Prompt window and text colors.
This document provides an overview of the key features and functions of Microsoft Word 2013. It describes the main sections of the Word interface, including the ribbon, tabs, groups, commands, rulers, zoom controls, views, and backstage view. It also explains how to get started with Word 2013 and open, save, and close documents.
The document provides an overview of basic Windows functions and components, including icons, the start menu, windows explorer, desktop configuration, and system tools. It describes how to navigate folders, copy/delete files, customize appearance settings, install/uninstall programs, and perform other common tasks in Windows. Basic functions like opening/closing windows, dialog boxes, and right clicking are also explained at a high level.
The document discusses the objectives and functions of an operating system, which include assisting users conveniently and efficiently use computer systems, assigning and scheduling tasks, managing memory and storage, interpreting commands, coordinating peripherals, and establishing data security. It then defines operating systems as sets of programs that control computer resources and allow communication between hardware and software. Examples of command line and graphical user interfaces are provided.
These slides shortly explain Computer Software and Its types with Examples.
Prepared by: Ahmad Hussain, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Pakistan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
The document discusses the architecture and functions of operating systems. It describes operating systems as system software that acts as an interface between hardware and application software. The key functions of operating systems include managing memory, files, devices, and providing common services for application programs. Examples of common operating systems like Windows, UNIX, and VAX/VMS are given.
The document provides instructions on how to use Microsoft Word 2003, including opening the program, using the various toolbars and menus, typing and formatting text, deleting and undoing actions, copying/cutting and pasting text, checking spelling and grammar, printing documents, and saving documents. It describes the basic functions and user interface of Microsoft Word.
MS-DOS was first released in 1981 and was the dominant operating system for personal computers until the mid-1990s. It provided basic file management and program execution capabilities through command line commands. Some key commands included DIR to list files, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, EDIT to edit text files, and CD to change directories. MS-DOS also supported wildcards, file attributes, path names, and other features to help users organize and manage files and folders through the command prompt.
The document discusses the Command Prompt interface in Windows. It provides information on how to locate and open the Command Prompt window. Several basic commands used in Command Prompt are described, including CD to change directories, DIR to view the current directory contents, MKDIR to create new folders, and DEL to delete folders. The document also demonstrates using commands to rename folders, copy output to the clipboard, manage wireless networks, view installed programs, and change the Command Prompt window and text colors.
This document provides an overview of the key features and functions of Microsoft Word 2013. It describes the main sections of the Word interface, including the ribbon, tabs, groups, commands, rulers, zoom controls, views, and backstage view. It also explains how to get started with Word 2013 and open, save, and close documents.
The document provides an overview of basic Windows functions and components, including icons, the start menu, windows explorer, desktop configuration, and system tools. It describes how to navigate folders, copy/delete files, customize appearance settings, install/uninstall programs, and perform other common tasks in Windows. Basic functions like opening/closing windows, dialog boxes, and right clicking are also explained at a high level.
The document discusses the objectives and functions of an operating system, which include assisting users conveniently and efficiently use computer systems, assigning and scheduling tasks, managing memory and storage, interpreting commands, coordinating peripherals, and establishing data security. It then defines operating systems as sets of programs that control computer resources and allow communication between hardware and software. Examples of command line and graphical user interfaces are provided.
These slides shortly explain Computer Software and Its types with Examples.
Prepared by: Ahmad Hussain, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Pakistan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
The document discusses the architecture and functions of operating systems. It describes operating systems as system software that acts as an interface between hardware and application software. The key functions of operating systems include managing memory, files, devices, and providing common services for application programs. Examples of common operating systems like Windows, UNIX, and VAX/VMS are given.
The document provides instructions on how to use Microsoft Word 2003, including opening the program, using the various toolbars and menus, typing and formatting text, deleting and undoing actions, copying/cutting and pasting text, checking spelling and grammar, printing documents, and saving documents. It describes the basic functions and user interface of Microsoft Word.
This document provides an overview of 27 basic Linux commands, including ls to list files, rm to remove files, rmdir to remove empty directories, cat to display file contents, cd to change directories, mv to move/rename files, who to display logged in users, mkdir to create directories, cp to copy files, and man to view command manuals. It also covers commands for permissions (chmod), clearing the screen (clear), viewing users (w), remote login (telnet), creating files (touch), editing files (vi), displaying date and time (date), viewing calendar (cal), showing IP address (ifconfig), and hostname.
The document discusses operating systems and basic commands used in DOS (Disk Operating System). It defines key terms like the operating system, pathnames, directories and wildcards. It then provides examples of basic commands used in DOS to list, create, delete and copy files and directories, change disks and drives, and get help. These commands include dir, cd, mkdir, del, type, copy, rename, cls, date, time and exit.
In MS-Dos (Disk Operating System) There are two types of Basic dos commands they are internal dos commands and external dos commands which are used separately to perform specific task or operation. Internal dos commands are those commands which are included in command processor (command.com). Internal dos commands are built in command.com file and while the computer has been booted this file or commands are loaded in the computer memory and you can use this basic dos commands while computer is ON.
Presentation on Operating System & its ComponentsMahmuda Rahman
An operating system is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for programs. It allows multiple users and programs to run concurrently, allocating resources and providing file management, security, and other core functions. Key components of an operating system include the kernel, which handles processes, memory, devices and security; the user interface; and system utilities that support functions like booting and file management. Popular operating systems include Linux, an open-source version of UNIX with components like the kernel, system utilities and libraries.
Learning target:
- Identify Microsoft Office 2016.
- Recognize the functions and parts of Word 2016.
- Create a new document.
- How to open an existing document.
- How to save your document.
This document provides information about the MS-DOS operating system, including its history, structure, files, commands, and more. It discusses that MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking operating system that uses a command line interface. It describes the system files used by MS-DOS like IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM. It also summarizes the structure of MS-DOS including the operating system loader, BIOS, kernel, and user interface. Finally, it provides examples of various internal and external commands used in MS-DOS.
This was a presentation to the Quad Cities Computer Society as well as several other Computer User Groups in 2015 & 2016.
There are lots of great tips and in formation. The following were the subjects covered:
* How to Prepare Your Computer for a Presentation
* Signing into Windows 10
* Some Settings
* The Start Menu
* Microsoft Edge
* Other Accessories
* Taskview
* Help with Windows 10
* Create a Shutdown Button on the Desktop
This document provides instructions for creating and working with databases in Microsoft Access. It explains that Access allows users to create, access, and manage databases on a computer. It then discusses how to start Access, create a new database using templates, and open existing database files. The document also covers how to create tables in Access using the datasheet and design views, and describes different data types and how to set field properties.
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that allows computer hardware and software to communicate and function. It then describes GUI operating systems as using graphics and icons navigated by a mouse. It also covers multi-user systems that allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously or at different times, as well as multiprocessing systems that support more than one processor, and multitasking and multithreading systems that run multiple processes concurrently. Finally, it mentions embedded systems designed for devices like PDAs with limited resources.
This document provides an overview of Microsoft Office, including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. It discusses the basic functions and features of these applications, such as inserting tables, formatting text, adding headers and footers in Word, and setting up page layout options. The document is intended as a tutorial or instruction material for using MS Office.
The document discusses file management and various utilities used for organizing, viewing, and maintaining files and the operating system. It describes the hierarchical structure of directories, drives, folders and subfolders used to organize files. It also discusses naming conventions for files including allowed/prohibited characters and filename extensions. Various utility programs are covered like disk cleanup and defragmenter for system maintenance, and display utilities for customizing desktop settings.
The document defines an operating system and describes its key functions. An operating system acts as an interface between software and hardware, controlling and monitoring system functions. It discusses three types of user interfaces - command line, menu driven, and graphical - and provides examples. The main functions of an operating system are booting the computer, managing resources like memory and CPU time, managing processes, memory, I/O, and providing services like file management, communication, security, and hardware control.
This document provides an overview of the history and key features of different Windows operating systems. It discusses the early versions of Windows from 1985 to 1990 and how Windows 3.0 introduced a graphical user interface. It then outlines the subsequent versions including Windows 7, which improved on Vista with better performance and a simpler interface. The document concludes by mentioning Windows 8 will likely be released in 2012 and provides references for additional information.
System is a collection of programs which control the overall functions of which control the overall functions of computer.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a efficient manner. Operating system also acts as a platform on which various application programs such as word processor and excel are executed.
This document provides instructions for students on file and folder management. It outlines tasks for students to create subfolders in their home directory, save a file to their home folder, and access a shared document. The objectives are to understand organization, create folders, save and locate files, and access group work documents. Students are directed to navigate folders, create subfolders for subjects, access and open a shared file on the virtual learning environment, and save a new document summarizing what they learned to their home folder.
The document discusses the core components of an operating system including the hardware, kernel, shell, user applications, and describes the functions of the process manager, memory manager, network manager, device manager, and file manager. It also provides information about various operating systems such as UNIX, Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android and iOS.
Ms Word 2010 Training In Ambala ! Batra Computer Centrejatin batra
Batra Computer Centre is An ISO certified 9001:2008 training Centre in Ambala.
We Provide Best Ms Word 2010 Training in Ambala. BATRA COMPUTER CENTRE provides best training in C, C++, S.E.O, Web Designing, Web Development and So many other courses are available.
This document discusses 21 tricks and hacks for the Windows Command Prompt tool. Some key tricks include using Ctrl-C to abort a running command, viewing command output one page at a time using more, running Command Prompt as an administrator by default, and customizing the prompt text. It also covers getting help for commands using /?, redirecting output to a file, viewing a drive's folder structure with tree, and opening Command Prompt from any location by right clicking and selecting "Open command window here".
The command prompt for Windows is probably one of the most powerful applications in this operating system, but is far from the eyes of most users yet! Go beyond the more modern features of Windows
This document provides an overview of 27 basic Linux commands, including ls to list files, rm to remove files, rmdir to remove empty directories, cat to display file contents, cd to change directories, mv to move/rename files, who to display logged in users, mkdir to create directories, cp to copy files, and man to view command manuals. It also covers commands for permissions (chmod), clearing the screen (clear), viewing users (w), remote login (telnet), creating files (touch), editing files (vi), displaying date and time (date), viewing calendar (cal), showing IP address (ifconfig), and hostname.
The document discusses operating systems and basic commands used in DOS (Disk Operating System). It defines key terms like the operating system, pathnames, directories and wildcards. It then provides examples of basic commands used in DOS to list, create, delete and copy files and directories, change disks and drives, and get help. These commands include dir, cd, mkdir, del, type, copy, rename, cls, date, time and exit.
In MS-Dos (Disk Operating System) There are two types of Basic dos commands they are internal dos commands and external dos commands which are used separately to perform specific task or operation. Internal dos commands are those commands which are included in command processor (command.com). Internal dos commands are built in command.com file and while the computer has been booted this file or commands are loaded in the computer memory and you can use this basic dos commands while computer is ON.
Presentation on Operating System & its ComponentsMahmuda Rahman
An operating system is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for programs. It allows multiple users and programs to run concurrently, allocating resources and providing file management, security, and other core functions. Key components of an operating system include the kernel, which handles processes, memory, devices and security; the user interface; and system utilities that support functions like booting and file management. Popular operating systems include Linux, an open-source version of UNIX with components like the kernel, system utilities and libraries.
Learning target:
- Identify Microsoft Office 2016.
- Recognize the functions and parts of Word 2016.
- Create a new document.
- How to open an existing document.
- How to save your document.
This document provides information about the MS-DOS operating system, including its history, structure, files, commands, and more. It discusses that MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking operating system that uses a command line interface. It describes the system files used by MS-DOS like IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM. It also summarizes the structure of MS-DOS including the operating system loader, BIOS, kernel, and user interface. Finally, it provides examples of various internal and external commands used in MS-DOS.
This was a presentation to the Quad Cities Computer Society as well as several other Computer User Groups in 2015 & 2016.
There are lots of great tips and in formation. The following were the subjects covered:
* How to Prepare Your Computer for a Presentation
* Signing into Windows 10
* Some Settings
* The Start Menu
* Microsoft Edge
* Other Accessories
* Taskview
* Help with Windows 10
* Create a Shutdown Button on the Desktop
This document provides instructions for creating and working with databases in Microsoft Access. It explains that Access allows users to create, access, and manage databases on a computer. It then discusses how to start Access, create a new database using templates, and open existing database files. The document also covers how to create tables in Access using the datasheet and design views, and describes different data types and how to set field properties.
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that allows computer hardware and software to communicate and function. It then describes GUI operating systems as using graphics and icons navigated by a mouse. It also covers multi-user systems that allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously or at different times, as well as multiprocessing systems that support more than one processor, and multitasking and multithreading systems that run multiple processes concurrently. Finally, it mentions embedded systems designed for devices like PDAs with limited resources.
This document provides an overview of Microsoft Office, including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. It discusses the basic functions and features of these applications, such as inserting tables, formatting text, adding headers and footers in Word, and setting up page layout options. The document is intended as a tutorial or instruction material for using MS Office.
The document discusses file management and various utilities used for organizing, viewing, and maintaining files and the operating system. It describes the hierarchical structure of directories, drives, folders and subfolders used to organize files. It also discusses naming conventions for files including allowed/prohibited characters and filename extensions. Various utility programs are covered like disk cleanup and defragmenter for system maintenance, and display utilities for customizing desktop settings.
The document defines an operating system and describes its key functions. An operating system acts as an interface between software and hardware, controlling and monitoring system functions. It discusses three types of user interfaces - command line, menu driven, and graphical - and provides examples. The main functions of an operating system are booting the computer, managing resources like memory and CPU time, managing processes, memory, I/O, and providing services like file management, communication, security, and hardware control.
This document provides an overview of the history and key features of different Windows operating systems. It discusses the early versions of Windows from 1985 to 1990 and how Windows 3.0 introduced a graphical user interface. It then outlines the subsequent versions including Windows 7, which improved on Vista with better performance and a simpler interface. The document concludes by mentioning Windows 8 will likely be released in 2012 and provides references for additional information.
System is a collection of programs which control the overall functions of which control the overall functions of computer.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a efficient manner. Operating system also acts as a platform on which various application programs such as word processor and excel are executed.
This document provides instructions for students on file and folder management. It outlines tasks for students to create subfolders in their home directory, save a file to their home folder, and access a shared document. The objectives are to understand organization, create folders, save and locate files, and access group work documents. Students are directed to navigate folders, create subfolders for subjects, access and open a shared file on the virtual learning environment, and save a new document summarizing what they learned to their home folder.
The document discusses the core components of an operating system including the hardware, kernel, shell, user applications, and describes the functions of the process manager, memory manager, network manager, device manager, and file manager. It also provides information about various operating systems such as UNIX, Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android and iOS.
Ms Word 2010 Training In Ambala ! Batra Computer Centrejatin batra
Batra Computer Centre is An ISO certified 9001:2008 training Centre in Ambala.
We Provide Best Ms Word 2010 Training in Ambala. BATRA COMPUTER CENTRE provides best training in C, C++, S.E.O, Web Designing, Web Development and So many other courses are available.
This document discusses 21 tricks and hacks for the Windows Command Prompt tool. Some key tricks include using Ctrl-C to abort a running command, viewing command output one page at a time using more, running Command Prompt as an administrator by default, and customizing the prompt text. It also covers getting help for commands using /?, redirecting output to a file, viewing a drive's folder structure with tree, and opening Command Prompt from any location by right clicking and selecting "Open command window here".
The command prompt for Windows is probably one of the most powerful applications in this operating system, but is far from the eyes of most users yet! Go beyond the more modern features of Windows
This document provides an introduction and overview of MS-DOS commands and how to use the Windows command line interface. It discusses what MS-DOS is, how to open the command prompt in Windows 7 and 8, and provides examples of basic commands like navigating directories, viewing folder contents, creating and deleting files and folders, copying and moving files, launching applications, and getting help. The document also describes how to customize properties of the command prompt like fonts, colors, window size and buffers.
This document provides an introduction to using the command line interface in UNIX/Linux systems. It explains the basic format of UNIX commands, common conventions, and examples of familiar commands like ssh, passwd, quota, and oitcleaner. It also discusses the man pages for getting help on commands and summarizes common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rm, mv, cp, cat, more, less, head, tail, lpr, date, who, hostname, whoami, and ps. Finally, it covers the UNIX pipe operator and using nice to modify process priorities.
This document provides an introduction to using the command line interface in UNIX/Linux systems. It explains the basic format of UNIX commands, common conventions, and examples of familiar commands like ssh, passwd, quota, and oitcleaner. It also discusses the man pages for getting help on commands and demonstrates some common commands for navigating files and directories, copying/moving files, viewing file contents, and more. The document concludes with an overview of the pipe character and commands like ps and kill for managing processes.
The document provides information about disk operating systems (DOS) and their features. It discusses that DOS is a 16-bit operating system that is single-user and non-GUI. It operates using commands on a character user interface. The document lists some key features of DOS including being free, not supporting GUI, being single-user, and relying on text and codes. It also discusses DOS commands and types including internal commands stored in memory and external commands stored as files.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a PowerShell crash course presentation. It introduces PowerShell concepts like cmdlets, aliases, snap-ins, objects, and the pipeline. It also covers PowerShell security features and using alternate credentials. The agenda includes a PowerShell backgrounder, accomplishing admin tasks with PowerShell, and available resources.
User and Operating-System Interface We mentioned earlier that there ar.docxStewartyUMGlovern
User and Operating-System Interface We mentioned earlier that there are several ways for users to interface with the operating system. Here, we discuss two fundamental approaches. One provides a command-line interface, or command interpreter, that allows users to directly enter commands to be performed by the operating system. The other allows users to interface with the operating system via a graphical user interface, or GUI. 2.2.1 Command Interpreters Some operating systems include the command interpreter in the kernel. Others, such as Windows and UNIX, treat the command interpreter as a special program that is running when a job is initiated or when a user first logs on (on interactive systems). On systems with multiple command interpreters to choose from, the interpreters are known as shells. For example, on UNIX and Linux systems, a user may choose among several different shells, including the Bourne shell, C shell, Bourne-Again shell, Korn shell, and others. Third-party shells and free user-written shells are also available. Most shells provide similar functionality, and a user's choice of which shell to use is generally based on personal preference. Figure 2.2 shows the Bourne shell command interpreter being used on Solaris 10. The main function of the command interpreter is to get and execute the next user-specified command. Many of the commands given at this level manipulate files: create, delete, list, print, copy, execute, and so on. The MS-DOS and UNIX shells operate in this way. These commands can be implemented in two general ways. In one approach, the command interpreter itself contains the code to execute the command. For example, a command to delete a file may cause the command interpreter to jump to a section of its code that sets up the parameters and makes the appropriate system call. In this case, the number of commands that can be given determines the size of the command interpreter, since each command requires its own implementing code. An alternative approach - used by UNIX, among other operating systems - implements most commands through system programs. In this case, the command interpreter does not understand the command in any way; it merely uses the command to identify a file to be loaded into memory and executed. Thus, the UNIX command to delete a file rm file.txt would search for a file called rm, load the file into memory, and execute it with the parameter f i l e . t x t . The function associated with the rm command would 2.2 User and Operating-System Interface 59 Figure 2.2 The Bourne shell command interpreter in Solrais 10. be defined completely by the code in the file rm. In this way, programmers can add new commands to the system easily by creating new files with the proper names. The command-interpreter program, which can be small, does not have to be changed for new commands to be added. 2.2.2 Graphical User Interfaces A second strategy for interfacing with the operating system is through a userfriendly .
This document provides an intermediate-level practical guide to using Unix. It covers topics such as redirecting standard input/output to files, filename substitution using wildcards, using shell variables, command substitution, and writing simple shell scripts. Examples are provided to illustrate how to use commands like date, ls, and echo to manipulate files and data. Shell programming concepts like conditional expressions and foreach loops are demonstrated in short scripts.
What is DCA (Diploma of Computer Application) Detail, Syllabus,Coursess.pdfRohitRoshanBengROHIT
What is DCA? (Diploma in ComputerApplication) Course details, Syllabus :
DCA full form is (Diploma in Computer Application). It is one-year diploma program in the field of computer applications that includes the study of a variety of software programs including HTML, MS office, Internd Applications and operating systems.
What is DCA (Diploma of Computer Application) Detail, Syllabus,Coursess.pdfRohitRoshanBengROHIT
A Diploma in Computer Applications (DCA) is a short-term (1-2 years), technical diploma program that deals with the fundamentals of computer applications. The ...
The document provides an overview of 11 common UNIX commands used in the Mac terminal: ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, rm, mv/cp, who, cat, sudo, control+C, and clear. It describes what each command does and provides examples of basic usage. The document explains that while the Mac OS is based on UNIX, Windows uses different DOS commands that are not compatible. It encourages users to get familiar with UNIX commands to expand their coding skills.
Linux is an open-source operating system that can be used as a server or standalone OS. It offers advantages like stability, robustness, security, and high performance. Linux directories include / for the root directory, /bin for essential programs, /home for user files, and /var for variable data. Common Linux commands include ls to list files, cd to change directories, grep to search files, and vi/emacs for text editing. Cron jobs allow scheduling commands to run periodically using a crontab file.
Linux is an open-source alternative to Microsoft Windows that is freely available and reliable. It has a command line interface and features like virtual memory, networking capabilities, multiple users, and graphical user interfaces. Common Linux commands include ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, cat, cp, and editors like vi, emacs, nano are used to create and edit files. The Linux directory structure is hierarchical with key directories being /, /home, /usr, /var, and editors allow editing files in different modes like insert and command modes.
The document provides information about the Processing programming environment. It describes the toolbar buttons that allow running, stopping, creating, opening, saving and exporting sketches. It also discusses creating graphical elements like setting the frame size and background color. Various shape drawing commands are outlined, including point, line, triangle, rect, quad, ellipse. It explains how to declare and assign variables of different data types.
Batch files allow running multiple commands with a single command by automating repetitive tasks. They are simple text files with .bat or .cmd extensions containing commands that execute sequentially. The SET command in batch files allows defining, displaying, and removing environment variables as well as performing arithmetic operations. User input can be obtained using SET /P to prompt the user and assign the input to a variable. Batch files improve efficiency by reducing typing, automating complex tasks, and allowing conditional branching with GOTO.
The document provides a reference for DOS commands and batch file commands that can be used at the command prompt, listing over 40 support tools and commands from A to Z that can be used to diagnose and resolve computer problems. It also provides information on using batch files to simplify repetitive tasks by running command sequences from a text file, and includes details on commands like ECHO, IF, GOTO, and FOR that allow conditional batch file processing.
The document provides information on DOS commands and batch files, listing over 40 DOS commands from A to Z and providing descriptions and examples of commands like ECHO, IF, and MODE to customize system devices, configure serial ports, redirect printing, select code pages, and set display modes. It also describes how to write and use batch files to automate tasks by running sequences of commands from a text file with a .bat or .cmd extension.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
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Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
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6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
1. 4/19/22, 1:39 PM Windows CMD commands: A list of command prompt codes - IONOS
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01.10.20 | Know-how (server/know-how/)
om/d indo
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om/ onos
CMD commands for the Windows command prompt
Most IT experts and Linux users, in addition to computer users who work with MS-DOS, are relatively
familiar with the command line and its corresponding commands. But a lot can be achieved with the
command prompt (server/tools/open-command-prompt/) in Windows, too. For this reason, we’ll explain
what the command line is, how to open it, and which CMD commands there are for Windows.
Windows console commands have changed over time: in newer Windows versions, users no longer have
access to some of the familiar commands. In the following, we’ll explain which CMD commands still work
under Windows 10 so that you don’t have to tediously test which are still valid and which are outdated. Our
overview tables describe the functions of the individual commands and specify under which Microsoft
operating systems they’re effective.
Contents
How does a command line work?
How does a command line work? (server/know-how/windows-cmd-commands/#c127382)
1.
How do you open the command prompt? (server/know-how/windows-cmd-commands/#c127384)
2.
How do you enter commands in the command prompt? (server/know-how/windows-cmd-
commands/#c127385)
3.
Windows CMD commands: an overview (server/know-how/windows-cmd-commands/#c127390)
4.
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The command line (also called the console or terminal) is a text-based interface within the operating
system, that forwards commands from the user to the operating system. This makes it possible, for
example, to organize files, start programs, or run other commands linked to the operating system,
computer, or network.
In older operating systems (like MS-DOS), you had to work without a graphical user interface, and
oftentimes even navigate without a mouse. Instead, you had to type in all commands – the directory
structures were then displayed as plain text on the screen. But even after the switch to graphical operating
systems, the command line remained text-based.
In general, the connection between operating system – regardless of whether graphical (GUI = graphical
user interface) or text-based (CLI = command line interpreter) was condensed under the term “Shell.” The
default command line interpreter for Windows is called CMD.EXE. In addition, however, there’s also the
“PowerShell”: This offers more options than CMD.EXE. For example, automations can be created better
with PowerShell. In this way, users can create script programs with the PowerShell scripting language.
Note
Many Windows console commands are based on batch files. This are usually text files (with the
ending .bat or .cmd) that are run by the command line as batch processing. These files are generally
created to perform routine work and start other programs.
How do you open the command prompt?
There are various options for accessing the command line in Windows. Technically speaking, the command
Technically speaking, the command
line is
line is the CMD.EXE program
the CMD.EXE program. This executable file should be found in the system directory of your Windows
. This executable file should be found in the system directory of your Windows
folder. (If you right-click on the file, Windows also gives you the option to start the program as an
folder.
administrator – in case you have the access data for this.) To reach the program more quickly, you can use
the search bar or the run menu. The latter is opened under Windows 7, 8, and 10 with the key combination
Win + R. Then all you have to do is type “cmd” into the search field and press the OK button.
The command prompt has long had a fixed spot in the Windows start menu as well. Under Windows 7 and
Windows 10, the program is found in the “System Tools” folder. With Windows 8, Microsoft replaced the
start menu with a start screen. But the command prompt is also found via the apps here. Alternatively,
Windows 8 as well as Windows 10 both offer the “Power User Tasks Menu.” You can open this with the key
combination Win + X. In this way, you can find the command prompt in the normal execution as well as the
administrator version.
How do you enter commands in the command prompt?
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CMD functions via defined commands. These have to be entered correctly, otherwise the command
prompt can’t run the task. The same goes for parameters that you link to the commands. Individual
commands can be extended using options (such as arguments). These are generally given as a letter with a
minus sign (-), plus sign (+), or slash (/). CMD also allows placeholders. For so-called wild cards, use an
asterisk (*) or question mark (?). While the latter replaces a single character (i.e. letter, digit, or other
character), the asterisk stands for any number of characters.
Note
In the command prompt and commands, you also frequently have to work with path specifications.
You need these to navigate through your directories or specify exact positions in commands. For the
input of a path, use the backslash ().
Individual CMD commands can be combined with one another. Through a pipe, the output of the first
command is interpreted as input for the following command. In the command prompt, commands are
linked to one another with a vertical line (|). This line itself is called a pipe, but officially is known as a
vertical bar. Vertical bars pass data from one command to the next:
CommandA | CommandB
There’s also the possibility of redirection: where the output of a command is directly forwarded to a file (>)
or the content of a text file is understood as input for the command (<).
Command > File (output in file)
Command < File (input from file)
Finally, Windows command line commands can also be connected in such a way that they run directly after
one other. This can be controlled via a relatively simple form (&), but also via two more complex variations.
It’s also possible to only run the second command if the first was successful. Or, you can set up the exact
opposite as well: The second command is only run if the first doesn’t work (||). Both options can even be
combined so that there’s an either-or string of commands:
CommandA & CommandB (the second command is run directly after the first)
CommandA && CommandB (the second command is only run if the first was successful)
Command A || CommandB (the second command is only run if the first was not successful)
CommandA && CommandB || CommandC (the second command is only run if the first was
successful, otherwise the third command is run)
Tip
Each command has its own syntax and individual options. So that you don’t have to memorize all of
these, CMD offers a help command: Using help command or command /? you can obtain
information about how to handle the command.
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It’s also extremely helpful that the command prompt remembers your last entered CMD commands. Using
the up and down arrow keys on the keyboard, you can recall your earlier entries. This also means, though,
that you can’t use these keys to scroll through the CMD window. This is usually done with the mouse
instead. But if you prefer to scroll using keys and are ready to give up the recall command function, you
can alter the corresponding setting: right-click on the command prompt and enable the “Scrolling” option.
Command, file names or path specifications, as well as arguments, are separated from one another using
spaces. It also usually doesn’t matter if you use upper- or lower-case letters. It’s only important in a few
cases whether you write the parameter in upper- or lower-case (generally only when two different
parameters are abbreviated with the same letter, and are only differentiated from one another through
the case).
Windows CMD commands: an overview
There are almost 300 commands for Windows and its predecessor, MS-DOS. Over the decades, some
commands have been kept around, some have only recently been added with newer versions of Windows,
and others have been removed or replaced. In our comprehensive list, we explain what the different
commands mean and on which Windows versions they run. This way, you can quickly look up whether the
CMD commands that you know still function with Windows 10. To make it more clear, we’ve divided the
Windows command prompt commands into four categories: basics, files, system, and network.
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Note
The information on the functionality of various Windows versions should only be understood as
orientation information. For the individual commands, it’s not only which Windows version you’re
using that’s important, but also which edition (Home, Pro, Server). In some cases, you have to adjust
certain settings beforehand so that the commands are effective. You also will need access rights as
an administrator for some CMD commands.
Basics
CMD
command Description
Windows
version
bitsadmin Creates and monitors downloads and uploads. 10/8/7/Vista
break Interrupts Ctrl + C checking in DOS, allowing you to stop
processes in the old operating system. Only available for
compatibility reasons in Windows.
All Win/DOS
call Calls a batch file within another batch file. The command has no
effect if entered directly into CMD instead of in a batch file.
All Win/DOS
cd Displays the current directory and lets you switch to other
directories. With the parameter /D plus drive and path
specification, you can also switch drives. Use cd.. to switch to a
higher directory (has the same function as the chdir command).
All Win/DOS
chcp Changes the current code page (character set table) or shows
the page count of the current code page.
All Win/DOS
chdir Displays the current directory and lets you switch to other
directories. With the parameter /D plus drive and path
specification, you can also switch drives. Use chdir.. to switch to
a higher directory (has the same function as the cd command).
All Win/DOS
choice Creates a selection list: typical example is the selection of yes
(Y) or no (N), which is created with /C YN. With the parameter
/M you can add an explanatory message for the user.
All Win (not
XP)/DOS
clip Forwards the result of a command to the clipboard. For
example, you can copy the directory structure (dir
clip) or the
content of a file
(clip < filename)
to the clipboard.
10/8/7/Vista
cls Clears the content of the screen. All Win/DOS
cmd Starts CMD.EXE. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
color Changes the background (first value) and text color (second
value) of the command prompt. The color lies between 0 (black)
and F (white).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
command Starts CMD.COM. 32-bit/DOS
date Displays the current date and allows you to change it. With the
parameter /T the date is shown without the option to change.
All Win/DOS
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
debug Starts debug, a program that can test and modify programs
within the command prompt.
32-bit/DOS
dir Displays all folders and files within the current directory. You
can restrict the output by attributes (/A), simplify the list (/B),
or display all subdirectories and their files (/S).
All Win/DOS
doskey Creates macros, recalls commands, and edits command input. All Win/DOS
dosshell Opens the DOS shell, a graphical file management tool. In
Windows, the DOS shell is replaced by Windows Explorer.
95/DOS
echo Displays a message and is mainly used within scripts and batch
files.
All Win/DOS
edit Starts the MS-DOS editor, with which you can create text files. 32-bit/DOS
edlin Creates and edits text files within the command prompt. 32-bit/DOS
exit Ends CMD.EXE or CMD.COM. All Win/DOS
fasthelp Displays helpful information about commands. DOS
fastopen Writes the position of a program into a specified list, which is in
the working memory and should accelerate the start of
programs.
32-bit/DOS
find Searches through a file or multiple files for a particular
character sequence. If you only want to know how frequently
the word or phrase occurs, use the /C parameter. With the
extension /I the command ignores upper- and lower-case in the
search.
All Win/DOS
findstr Finds character sequences in one or multiple files. It gives you
more options when compared to the find command: you can
search for files that contain various terms or with /C search for
an exact word order.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
forcedos Starts a program in the MS-DOS partial system, in case it’s not
directly recognized by Windows XP as a DOS program.
XP (32-bit)
graftabl Enables the option to use extended characters of a specific
code page in graphics mode.
32-bit/DOS
graphics Starts a program that can print graphics. 32-bit/DOS
help Displays help text for a specific command (you can also use the
/? command).
All Win/DOS
kb16 Changes the country settings of the keyboard for DOS
programs (only included in Windows for compatibility reasons.
Replaces the old command keyb).
32-bit
keyb Changes the country settings of the keyboard for DOS
programs (only included in Windows for compatibility reasons.
Replaced by kb16 in newer Windows versions).
98/95/DOS
logoff Logs the user out of Windows. Also allows you to end sessions
on servers.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
lpq Displays the status of a printer queue for computers that use a
“line Printer Daemon” (LPD). (To use the command in Windows
10, 8, 7, or Vista, the LPD print service and the LPR port monitor
have to be enabled first).
All Win
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
lpr Sends a file to a computer that uses a line printer daemon
(LPD). To use the command in Windows 10, 8, 7, or Vista, the
LPD print service and LPR port monitor have to be enabled first.
All Win
md Creates a new directory on the specified path. If directories
don’t already exist on the path, md creates them automatically
(you can also use the mkdir command).
All Win/DOS
mkdir Creates a new directory on the specified path. If directories
don’t already exist on the path, mkdir creates them
automatically (you can also use the md command).
All Win/DOS
more Outputs the content of a file (for example, a text file) by the
page. You can also use the command to split the output of
another command into pages.
All Win/DOS
msg Sends a message to another user. You can write the username
into the command or create files in which usernames are saved.
The files can then be included in the command with @filename.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
nlsfunc Provides country-specific information for language support. 32-bit/DOS
ntbackup Runs backup services directly from the command line or as part
of batch or script files.
XP
path Creates and displays the path for searching executable files. All Win/DOS
pause Pauses execution in batch files and scripts. The user is then
prompted in a message to continue by pressing a key.
All Win/DOS
popd Changes to the folder saved by the pushd command. The
command is mainly part of batch files and scripts.
10/8/7/Vista
print Prints a text file. The device to be used for printing has to be
specified.
All Win/DOS
prompt Changes the display of the command prompt. All Win/DOS
pushd Saves a specific path into a script or batch file. You can change
to this directory with popd.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
qbasic Starts qbasic, a program environment based on the BASIC
programming language.
98/95/DOS
rd Deletes a directory. This must not contain any files, even hidden
ones. You can delete an entire directory tree with the /S
parameter (you can also use the rmdir command).
All Win/DOS
rem Writes comments in batch and script files that aren’t taken into
account when executing.
All Win/DOS
rmdir Deletes a directory. This must not contain any files, even hidden
ones. You can delete an entire directory tree with the /S
parameter (you can also use the rd command).
All Win/DOS
runas Allows a user to run commands with the rights of another user.
For example, you can run a command as an administrator from a
normal user account as long as you know the password.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
scandisk Starts Microsoft ScanDisk. The program searches data carriers
for errors.
98/95/DOS
schtasks Sets the execution of specified programs and commands for a
specified point in time. You can create, delete, change, and
display all scheduled tasks.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
set Displays environmental variables of CMD.EXE and lets you
configure them.
All Win/DOS
shift Moves variables within batch files and scripts. All Win/DOS
shutdown Shuts down the computer (/s), triggers a restart (/r), or logs the
user out (/l). A graphical user interface is displayed if you enter
the parameter /I as the first option in the command.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
sort Lists out data (from a file or command) and outputs it again
sorted – directly in the command prompt, in a new file, or in
another output.
All Win/DOS
start Opens a new command prompt window in which you can run a
specific program or command.
All Win
subst Assigns a drive letter to a path to create a virtual drive. All Win/DOS
taskkill Ends one or more running tasks. You either have to specify the
process ID (PID) or image name.
10/8/7/Vista
tasklist Lists all running processes – also on remote computers, if
desired. The process ID also has to be specified, which is
required for the taskkill command, for example.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
time Displays the current time and allows it to be changed. If the
parameter /T is entered, the command prompt only shows the
time and offers no option to directly change it.
All Win/DOS
timeout Stops a process for a specified time. The command Is used in
batch files and scripts. If you use the /NOBREAK parameter, the
command ignores any keyboard input.
10/8/7/Vista
title Changes the title of the command prompt. Spaces are allowed,
but not all special characters such as a slash, for example,
because they may be interpreted as instructions for a
parameter.
All Win/DOS
tree Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.
With the /F parameter, all files in the folders are also listed out.
/A also ensures that only ASCII characters are used for the
graphical representation. The command takes into account all
subdirectories starting from the given path. If you don’t enter a
path, the current folder is used as the output.
All Win/DOS
type Displays the content of a text file. All Win/DOS
tzutil Displays the currently set time zone (/g) or changes it (/s). The
parameter /l helps determine the valid time zones.
10/8/7
ver Displays the current version number of Windows or MS-DOS. All Win/DOS
Files
CMD
command Description
Windows
version
append Sets the path in which files will be searched for. 32-bit/DOS
assoc Changes the program that’s linked with a particular file ending. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
attrib Changes attributes of specified files. With the parameter +R you can protect a
file from changes.
All Win/DOS
cipher Displays and changes the encryption status of files and directories on NTFS
partitions.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
comp Compares the content of two files or two file sets. The results can be displayed
as a decimal value (/D) or with ASCII characters (/A).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
compact Displays and changes the compression status of files and directories on NTFS
partitions.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
copy Copies a file or multiple files to another location. It’s also possible to connect
several files to one. You can use the asterisk as a wild card.
All Win/DOS
cscript Runs scripts over the Microsoft Script Host. You can enable additional
debugging with the /D option.
All Win/DOS
del Deletes a file or multiple files. If you also want to delete all files from
subfolders, you can do this with the /S parameter. Read-only files can be
deleted with /F (you can also use the erase command).
All Win/DOS
deltree Deletes a directory as well as all subdirectories and files within. 98/95/DOS
diantz Compresses files without any loss (command has the same function as
makecab).
7/Vista/XP
diskcomp Compares the content of two disks. All Win (not
10)/DOS
diskcopy Copies the content of a disk to another. All Win (not
10)/DOS
endlocal Ends the valid range of changes to batch files or scripts. After the command,
changes are applied to the entire system again (localization is started with
setlocal).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
erase Function is the same as del. All Win/DOS
exe2bin Converts an EXE file to a BIN file. 32-bit
expand Extracts files and folders stored in CAB files. All Win (not 64-
bit XP)/DOS
extrac32 Extracts files and folders stored in CAB files. The program is part of Internet
Explorer, but can also be used in the command prompt.
All Win
extract Extracts files and folders stored in CAB files (in new Windows versions use
expand).
98/95
fc Compares two individual files or two sets of files with one another and displays
the differences.
All Win/DOS
for Sets a specific command that should be run for each individual file in a file set.
This command is usually used in batch and script files.
All Win/DOS
forfiles Selects one or more files and runs a command that refers to these files.
Usually used for batch and script files.
10/8/7/Vista
ftype Specifies a program for opening a specific file type. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
goto Skips the execution within a batch program to a specific line (marker). All Win/DOS
if Represents a conditional statement and executes expressions within batch
files only under certain conditions. Can be extended by not if commands are
only not to be executed under certain conditions.
All Win/DOS
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
makecab Compresses files without loss in CAB format (you can also use the diantz
command).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
mklink Creates a symbolic link to a file. With /D you can also create connections to
directories. Create a fixed connection instead of a symbolic connection with
/H.
10/8/7/Vista
move Moves a file or multiple files from one directory to another. The command can
also change the names of directories. By default, the command overwrites
other files with the same name when moving files to the destination. To
prevent this use the /-Y parameter.
All Win/DOS
openfiles Displays and separates open system files and folders. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
recover Restores readable files that were on a defective data drive. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
ren Changes the name of a particular file. Directory and drive cannot be changed
this way (or use the rename command).
All Win/DOS
rename Function is the same as ren. All Win/DOS
replace Replaces the selected file or files with one or more other files. With /S files in
subfolders are also replaced. With the addition /U files are only replaced if
another version is more current. The parameter /A allows users to add new
files to the target directory at the same time. This parameter is not compatible
with /S and /U.
All Win/DOS
robocopy Allows so-called robust file copying. This is an extended version of copy and
xcopy. With robocopy it’s possible to successfully transfer data even if there
are interruptions in the network. There are a total of 72 parameters with which
the copy command can be modified.
10/8/7/Vista
rsm Manages media on removable storage devices. Is used in batch files and
scripts to support programs that don’t use “Removable Storage API.”
Vista/XP
setlocal Limits the valid range of changes to batch files or scripts. After the command,
changes only apply to these files (localization is started with endlocal).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
share Installs file sharing and file locking. 32-bit/DOS
sxstrace Starts the WinSxs Tracing Utility, a tool for programming diagnostics. 10/8/7/Vista
takeown Restores administrator access rights to a file that have been lost when
reassigning a user.
10/8/7/Vista
undelete Undoes the deletion of a file. DOS
verify When enabled, checks whether files are written correctly on a data drive. The
check is disabled in the standard settings.
All Win/DOS
where Finds files that match a particular search topic. The placeholders * and ? can
be used within the topic.
10/8/7/Vista
xcopy Copies files and entire directory structures. In this way, the command offers
various additional options. For example, it can be specified that only files
younger than a specific date (/D) should be copied. It can also be specified
that read-only files are overwritten (/R).
All Win/DOS
System
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
CMD
command Description
Windows
version
at Starts commands and programs at a particular time. With the parameter
/every:date[,…] you can also set regular appointments.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
auditpol Displays current monitoring policies. 10/8/7/Vista
backup Creates backups of files. These can be recovered with restore (replaced by
msbackup).
DOS
bcdboot Creates and repairs start files. 10/8/7
bcdedit Allows users to make changes to start configuration data storage (the
command is a new version of bootcfq).
10/8/7/Vista
bdehdcfg Prepares a hard drive for BitLocker Drive Encryption. 10/8/7
bootcfg Creates, edits, or displays the content of boot.ini (although it’s still included
in the Windows 7 CMD, it has lost its function since boot.ini is no longer used
for startup options, instead you should use bcdedit).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
bootsect Modifies the master boot code sot that it’s compatible with the Windows
Boot Manager or NT Loader (can only be started via system restore in
Windows 7 and Vista).
10/8/7/Vista
cacls Edits and displays the access control list. This sets access rights (outdated –
replaced by icacls in newer Windows versions).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
chkdsk Checks and repairs (with the parameter /R) a data drive. All Win/DOS
chkntfs Changes or displays the data driver check at startup. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
cmdkey Can display (/list), create (/add), or delete (/delete) login information. 10/8/7/Vista
convert Converts partitions from FAT/FAT32 to NTFS. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
ctty Changes the standard input and output for the system. 98/95/DOS
dblspace Creates or configures compresses drives (a newer version of the command is
called drvspace)
.98/95/DOS
defrag Defragments all or only specified drives. Use /U to observe the progress. To
get an evaluation statistic after the defragmentation, use the parameter /V.
All Win/DOS
diskpart Manages, creates, and deletes partitions from the hard drive. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
diskperf Allows users to remotely control the disk performance counter. 10/8/7/Vista
diskraid Manages RAID systems. 10/8/7/Vista
dism Manages and integrates Windows images. 10/8/7
dispdiag Creates a file in the current directory in which you’ll find information about
your display.
10/8/7/Vista
dosx Starts the DOS Protected Mode Interface, which allows MS-DOS programs
more than 640 KB of RAM. Is only available to support older DOS programs.
32-Bit
driverquery Creates a list with all installed drivers. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
drvspace Creates or configures compressed drives. An older version of the command
is called dblspace.
98/95/DOS
emm386 Provides DOS with more than 640 KB of RAM. 98/95/DOS
esentutl Manages databases within the extensible storage engine. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
eventcreate Creates an entry (ID and message) in an event log. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
eventtriggers Configures and displays event trigger. XP
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
fdisk Creates, deletes, and manages partitions on the hard drive. Use diskpart in
newer Windows versions.
98/95/DOS
fltmc Allows users to manage and display filter drivers. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
fondue Installs additional Windows features. The command is an abbreviation for the
underlying tool: Features on Demand User Experience Tool.
10/8
format Formats a drive to the file system specified by the user. All Win/DOS
fsutil Provides numerous features related to the file system, such as disk removal. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
hwrcomp Compiles self-created dictionaries for handwriting recognition. 10/8/7
hwrreg Installs a compiled dictionary for handwriting recognition. 10/8/7
icacls Edits and displays the access control list. This sets access rights. An
outdated version of this command is cacls.
10/8/7/Vista
ktmutil Starts the kernel transaction manager. 10/8/7/Vista
label Changes or deletes a drive’s label. All Win/DOS
lh Loads a program into the high memory area (UMB) – has the same function
as loadhigh.
98/95/DOS
licensingdiag Creates an XML and a CAB file that contain information on the Windows
product license.
10/8
loadfix Ensures that a program is loaded and executed above the first 64 KB of
RAM.
32-bit/DOS
loadhigh Has the same function as lh. 98/95/DOS
lock Locks a drive so that only a user-selected program can access it directly. 98/95
lodctr Updates all registry entries that have to do with performance indicators. All Win
logman Creates and manages event trace sessions and performance logs. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
manage-bde Configures drive encryption with BitLocker. Use -on to encrypt a drive. Use -
off to decrypt it again and end BitLocker protection.
10/8/7
mem Displays information about the RAM and indicates which programs are
currently loaded in it.
32-bit/DOS
memmaker Optimizes the RAM. 98/95/DOS
mode Configures system devices – primarily on the COM or LPT port. All Win/DOS
mofcomp Analyzes files in managed object format (MOF) and adds the classes and
instances to the WMI repository.
All Win
mountvol Creates and deletes mount points for drives and displays them. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
msav Starts Microsoft Antivirus. DOS
msbackup Starts Microsoft Backup (replaces backup and restores). DOS
mscdex Loads the CD-ROM support for MS-DOS. 98/95/DOS
msd Starts the program Microsoft Diagnostics, with which system information
can be displayed.
DOS
msiexec Starts the Windows installer, with which Windows can be installed and
configured.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
muiunattend Starts an automatic setup process for the multilingual user interface (MUI). 10/8/7/Vista
netcfg Installs the minimal operating system Microsoft Windows PE. 10/8/7/Vista
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
ocsetup Installs additional Windows functions. 8/7/Vista
pentnt Recognizes floating point division errors in Pentium chips, starts floating
point emulation, and disables floating point hardware.
XP
pkgmgr Installs, uninstalls, and configures packages and functions for Windows. 10/8/7/Vista
pnpunattend Automates the installation of device drivers. 10
pnputil Installs plug-and-play devices from the command prompt. 10/8/7/Vista
power Uses the IDLE status of a processor to reduce energy consumption. 98/95/DOS
powercfg Allows the user to change the computer’s energy options and control energy
conservation plans.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
pwlauncher Configures the startup options for Windows To Go with which you can boot
Windows from a USB drive.
10/8
qprocess Provides information on running processes. 10/8/7/Vista
query Displays the status of a particular service. 10/8/7/Vista
quser Provides information on the currently logged-in users. 10/8/7/Vista
reagentc Configures the Windows recovery environment, with which you can repair
the installation of the operating system.
10/8/7
recimg Creates a user-defined Windows image to restore the system. 8
reg Manages the registry of the command prompt. Users can create new keys
(reg add) or delete them (reg delete).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
regini Changes registry authorizations. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
register-
cimprovider
Registers a common information model provider (CIM provider) in Windows. 10/8
regsvr32 Registers a DLL file in the registry. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
relog Creates new performance indicator protocols from the data in the existing
protocols.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
repair-bde Repairs and decrypts defective drives that are encrypted with BitLocker. The
files should be saved on a replacement drive.
10/8/7
reset Resets a session. You can also use the rwinsta command. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
restore Restores backups that were created with the backup command (replaced by
msbackup).
DOS
rwinsta Command has the same function as reset. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
sc Manages services by connecting to the Service Controller. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
scanreg Repairs the registry and allows a backup to be created of it. 98/95
sdbinst Applies user-defined database files (SDB). 10/8/7/Vista/XP
secedit Analyzes the security settings by comparing the current configurations with
templates. Settings can also be configured, imported, and exported with this
command.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
setver Sets a version number of MS-DOS that’s forwarded to a program – even if it
doesn’t match the actual version.
32-bit/DOS
setx Creates or changes environmental variable in the user of system
environment.
10/8/7/Vista
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CMD
command Description
Windows
version
sfc Checks all important and protected system files. Incorrect versions are
replaced by correct ones.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
smartdrv Starts and manages the hard drive cache program SMARTDrive. 98/95/DOS
sys Copies system files from MS-DOS and the command interpreter to another
hard drive. This makes it bootable.
98/95/DOS
systeminfo Displays information about the Windows installation, including all installed
service packages. The information can be obtained from the local system as
well as a remote computer.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
tpmvscmgr Creates and deletes TPM virtual smart cards. These are virtual smartcards
encrypted on the basis of the Trusted Platform Model.
10/8
tracerpt Processes logs or real-time data generated during the tracing of computer
programs.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
typeperf Displays performance counter data or writes it into a file. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
unformat Undoes the drive formatting done by the format command. DOS
unlock Unlocks a drive that was locked with the lock command. 98/95
unlodctr Deletes names as well as descriptions for extensible performance counters
in the Windows registry.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
vaultcmd Creates, deletes, and displays saved registration information. 10/8/7
vol Displays the label and serial number of a drive. All Win/DOS
vsafe Starts the antivirus software VSafe. DOS
vssadmin Manages the volume shadow copy services that can be used to store
different versions (snapshots) of drives.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
wbadmin Creates backups of the operating system and delivers information to the
created backup copies.
10/8/7/Vista
wevtutil Manages event logs and event log files. 10/8/7/Vista
whoami Provides information about the current user. With the /GROUP parameter
you can obtain additional information about group membership.
10/8/7/Vista
winmgmt Manages WMI repositories. Backups (/backup) are possible with the
command, for example.
All Win
winsat Evaluates various system factors – for example, processor performance or
graphical capabilities.
10/8/7/Vista
wmic Starts the Windows Management Instrumentation in the command prompt.
Various Windows settings can be changed here – both locally and on remote
computers.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
xwizard Registers Windows data in the form of XML files. 10/8/7
Network
CMD command Description
Windows
version
arp Displays and edits entries in the Address Resolution Protocol cache. All Win
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CMD command Description
Windows
version
atmadm Displays information on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). XP
certreq Manages and creates certificate registration requirements for
certification authorities.
10/8/7/Vista
certutil Manages services related to certificate authentication. 10/8/7/Vista
change Changes the settings of a terminal server and can be used together with
the parameters logon, port, or user (replaces the commands chglogon,
chgport, and chgusr).
10/8/7/Vista
checknetisolation Checks the network capability of apps from the Windows Store. 10/8
chglogon Enables, disables, or adjusts logins for terminal server sessions. 10/8/7/Vista
chgport Displays or changes the COM pin assignment of terminal servers for
DOS compatibility.
10/8/7/Vista
chgusr Changes the installation mode of a terminal server. 10/8/7/Vista
cmstp Installs or uninstalls profiles for the connection manager. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
djoin Creates a new computer account in the Active Directory Domain
Services (AD DS).
10/8/7/Vista
finger Provides information about users on remote devices using the Finger
service.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
ftp Transfers data to an FTP server or from this to a PC. The command
offers additional options: For example, you can activate debugging with -
d.
All Win/DOS
getmac Displays the MAC address of all network adapters. The format of the
output (Table, List, CSV) is set with /FO. With /S you can use the
command on remote systems as well.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
gpresult Displays information on the Group Policy. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
gpupdate Updates information on the Group Policy. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
hostname Outputs the name of the current host. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
interlnk Connects two computers via serial or parallel connection to share files
or printers.
DOS
intersvr Starts an interlnk server and transfers data from one computer to
another via serial or parallel connection.
DOS
ipconfig Provides information on the IP of each used network adapter. The
command can also be used to release (/release) or renew (/renew)
addresses. With /flushdns you can clear the DNS cache.
All Win/DOS
ipxroute Changes and displays information on the IPX routing tables. XP
irftp Transfers files via infrared connection, if one is available. 10/8/7/Vista
iscsicli Manages iSCSI, which enables connections via the SCSI protocol. 10/8/7/Vista
klist Displays all tickets authenticated by the Kerberos service. Also enables
the command to delete tickets (purge).
10/8/7
ksetup Configures a connection to a Kerberos server. 10/8/7
mount Enables network sharing under the Network File System. (To use the
command, enable NFS services).
7/Vista
mrinfo Provides information on the router. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
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CMD command Description
Windows
version
nbtstat Displays statistics and information on the TCP/IP connections on remote
computers.
10
net Configures and displays network settings. All Win
net1 Configures and displays network settings (it’s recommended to use net
instead; the net1 command is only intended as a temporary solution for a
Y2K problem).
10/8/7/Vista/XP
netsh Starts the network shell, which allows for network settings to be
changed on local and remote computers.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
netstat Displays statistics and information on TCP/IP connections on the local
computer.
All Win
nfsadmin Manages NFS servers and clients (to be able to use the command, you
first have to enable NFS services in Windows).
7/Vista
nltest Displays information related to secure channels in the Active Directory
Domain Services (AD DS) and tests the connections.
10/8/7
nslookup Sends a DNS query to a specific IP or host name on the preconfigured
DNS server. You can also specify another DNS server.
10
ntsd Runs debugging. XP
pathping Provides information on forwarding and package loss when sending over
a network and also specifies the latency.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
ping Sends an internet control message protocol echo request to a specific
host to check if it’s accessible. The duration of the echo can also be
specified. Ping signals can be sent continuously with -t. To display
statistics on this action, press Ctrl + Brk. Cancel the process with Ctrl +
C.
All Win
qappsrv Displays all available remote computers in the network. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
qwinsta Displays information on the open remote desktop sessions. 10/8/7/Vista
rasautou Manages autodial addresses. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
rasdial Starts and ends network connections for Microsoft clients. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
rcp Copies files from a Windows computer to a server that’s running a RSDH
daemon, and vice versa.
7/Vista/XP
rdpsign Signs a remote desktop protocol file (RDP file). 10/7
rexec Runs commands on a remote computer that’s running a Rexec daemon. Vista/XP
route Displays routing tables and makes it possible to change, add, or delete
entries.
All Win
rpcinfo Sends a remote procedure call (RPC) to an RPC server. The result
displays the programs on the remote computer (to use the command,
NFS services on Windows have to be enabled first).
7/Vista
rpcping Sends a ping via remote procedure call (RPC) and checks whether a
connection is possible.
10/8/7/Vista
rsh Runs commands on remote computers that are running the Unix
program Remote Shell (RSH).
7/Vista/XP
setspn Creates, deletes, and changes SPNs. These are unique identifiers for
services on a network that uses Kerberos authentication.
10/8/7
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CMD command Description
Windows
version
shadow Monitors a session on a remote computer. The user can also actively
control the remote computer.
7/Vista/XP
showmount Provides information on NFS file systems (to use the command, you first
have to activate NFS services in Windows).
7/Vista
tcmsetup Enables or disables a client for the Telephony Application Programming
Interface (TAPI), a programming interface for telephone applications.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
telnet Enables communication with another computer that also uses the telnet
protocol.
All Win/DOS
tftp Enables a file exchange between the local computer and a server that
supports the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). To use the command,
the TFTP client first needs to be enabled in the system settings.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
tlntadmn Manages a telnet server on a local or remote computer (to be able to use
the command, the telnet server functions first have to be enabled in the
system settings).
8/7/Vista/XP
tracert Tracks a data package on the way through the network to a server. It
doesn’t only check whether the package arrives and how long it takes,
but also records how many hops the package makes on the way. All
packages have a set time-to-live (TTL), which is increased gradually with
the command.
All Win
tscon Connects the current local user session with a session on a remote
computer.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
tsdiscon Ends the connection between a local user session and a session on a
remote computer.
10/8/7/VistaXP
tskill Ends a process on a remote computer. 10/8/7/Vista/XP
tsshutdn Shuts down or restarts a remote terminal server. If the target computer
supports it, the entire computer can be turned off in this way.
XP
umount Removes mounted network file system drives. To use the command, the
NFS functions first have to be enabled in the system settings.
7/Vista
w32tm Manages the Windows time service that synchronizes dates and times
on all computers that share an AD DS domain.
10/8/7/Vista/XP
waitfor Sends or waits on a single. If the signal is only supposed to be sent to
specified computers in a domain instead of all, use the /S parameter.
Computers within a network are synchronized with one another through
this command.
10/8/7/Vista
wecutil Creates and managements subscriptions for events. These are
forwarded from remote event sources that support the WS management
protocol.
10/8/7/Vista
winrm Manages secure connections between local and remote computers via
the WS management protocol.
10/8/7/Vista
winrs Enables access to the command line of a remote computer via a secure
connection to implement changes. If you want to disable encryption, use
-un.
10/8/7/Vista
wsmanhttpconfig Manages functions of the Windows Remote Management (winrm). 10/8/7/Vista
Tip
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(server/tools/open-command-prompt/)
Opening Command Prompt in Windows: the most popular op-
tions (server/tools/open-command-prompt/)
30.09.2020 | Tools (server/tools/)
Command Prompt in Windows is used to enter command line instructions. The Microsoft
operating system provides several options to launch Command Prompt. The method you choose
ultimately depends on your personal user habits. You can also open Command Prompt in a
special mode with administrator privileges if required for certain system tasks.
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Digital Guide
(/digitalguide/)