A thesis presentation on Performance Analysis of Cloud Simulation By Using Cloud Simulator Toolkit Held on Department of Computer Science & Engineering , RUET in December, 2015
Mobile grid and cloud computing enables utilizing mobile devices' resources in distributed computing environments. It allows offloading computation and data storage to remote servers. However, applying these approaches in mobile ad hoc networks poses challenges due to node mobility, limited resources, and unstable connectivity. Future research directions include developing energy-efficient resource allocation that considers mobility patterns and transmission costs, as well as task migration methods that estimate costs accurately in dynamic networks. Mobile ad hoc computational grids show promise for applications with intensive processing needs like threat detection and 3D mapping, but overcoming the constrained environment remains an open problem.
Indoor tracking with bluetooth low energy devices using k nearest neighbour a...Conference Papers
This document describes an indoor tracking system that uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices and the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The system was deployed in a laboratory measuring 990cm x 770cm. BLE scanners collected signal strength data from BLE beacons placed in the lab. Using the highest signal strength values from 3 scanners, the KNN algorithm estimated the region where the beacon was located. Testing found the system was able to accurately estimate the location region of target beacons.
Solution for intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem in cluster-based pro...IJECEIAES
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been considered one of the important topics for researchers due to their wide applications in our life. Several researches have been conducted to improve WSNs performance and solve their issues. One of these issues is the energy limitation in WSNs since the source of energy in most WSNs is the battery. Accordingly, various protocols and techniques have been proposed with the intention of reducing power consumption of WSNs and lengthen their lifetime. Cluster-oriented routing protocols are one of the most effective categories of these protocols. In this article, we consider a major issue affecting the performance of this category of protocols, which we call the intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem (IICERP). We demonstrate that IICERP severely reduces the performance of a cluster-oriented routing protocol, so we suggest an effective Solution for IICERP (SIICERP). To assess SIICERP’s performance, comprehensive simulations were performed to demonstrate the performance of several cluster-oriented protocols without and with SIICERP. Simulation results revealed that SIICERP substantially increases the performance of cluster-oriented routing protocols.
Keynote Talk on Recent Advances in Mobile Grid and Cloud ComputingSayed Chhattan Shah
Due to recent advances in mobile computing and networking technologies it has become feasible to integrate various mobile devices such as robots, aerial vehicles, sensors, and smart phones with grid and cloud computing systems. This integration enables design and development of next generation of applications through sharing of computing resources in mobile environments and also introduces several challenges due to dynamic and unpredictable network.
In this talk, we will discuss applications and challenges involved in design and development of mobile grid and cloud computing systems, cloud robots, and innovative architectures for creating energy efficient and robust mobile cloud.
PREDICTING COMMUNICATION DELAY AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR IEEE 802.15.4/ZIGB...IJCNC
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) particularly for real time applications raise fundamental problems
for the scientific community. These problems are related to the limit of energy resource and the real time
constraints on the communication delay. The well functioning of such networks depends mainly on the
network lifetime result of nodes energies and the communication delay which should meet the required
deadlines. Thus, the well design of Real-Time Wireless Sensor Networks must be with the prediction of
the energy consumption and the communication delay. Therefore, this paper propose an analytical model
to predict the lifetime and the delay in IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee WSN. Our proposed model is based on
realistic assumptions. It considers the most important network features such as idle times from the
Backoff, overhearing and interferences by collisions and transmission errors. Compared to simulation
results and other analytical approaches, our model gives a reliable lifetime and delay prediction.
VIRTUAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGYEFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR 3D WIRELESS SE...ijwmn
This paper proposes a virtual architecture for three-dimensional (3D) wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a dynamic coordinate system, and a scalable energy-efficient training protocol for collections of nodes deployed in the space that are initially anonymous, asynchronous, and unaware of their initial location. The 3D WSNs considered comprise massively deployed tiny energy-constrained commodity sensors and one or more sink nodes that provide an interface to the outside world. The proposed architecture is a generalization of a two-dimensional virtual architecture previously proposed in the literature, in which a flexible and intuitive coordinate system is imposed onto the deployment area and the anonymous nodes are partitioned into clusters where data can be gathered from the environment and synthesized under local control. The architecture solves the hidden sensors problem that occurs because of irregularities in rugged deployment areas or environments containing buildings by training the network of nodes arbitrarily dispersed in the 3D space. In addition, we derive two simple and energy-efficient routing protocols, respectively for dense and sparse networks, based on the proposed dynamic coordinate system. They are used to minimize the power expended in collecting and routing data to the sink node, thus increasing the lifetime of the network.
Intrusion Detection and Countermeasure in Virtual Network Systems Using NICE ...IJERA Editor
The cloud computing has increased in many organizations. It provides many benefits in terms of low cost and accessibility of data. Ensuring the security of cloud computing is a major factor in the cloud computing environment, as users often store sensitive information with cloud storage providers but these providers may be untrusted. In this project we propose anIntrusion Detection and Countermeasure in Virtual Network Systems mechanism called NICE to prevent vulnerable virtual machines from being compromised in the cloud. NICE detects and mitigates collaborative attacks in the cloud virtual networking environment. The system performance evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of NICE and shows that the proposed solution can significantly reduce the risk of the cloud system from being exploited and abused by internal and external attackers.
A thesis presentation on Performance Analysis of Cloud Simulation By Using Cloud Simulator Toolkit Held on Department of Computer Science & Engineering , RUET in December, 2015
Mobile grid and cloud computing enables utilizing mobile devices' resources in distributed computing environments. It allows offloading computation and data storage to remote servers. However, applying these approaches in mobile ad hoc networks poses challenges due to node mobility, limited resources, and unstable connectivity. Future research directions include developing energy-efficient resource allocation that considers mobility patterns and transmission costs, as well as task migration methods that estimate costs accurately in dynamic networks. Mobile ad hoc computational grids show promise for applications with intensive processing needs like threat detection and 3D mapping, but overcoming the constrained environment remains an open problem.
Indoor tracking with bluetooth low energy devices using k nearest neighbour a...Conference Papers
This document describes an indoor tracking system that uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices and the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The system was deployed in a laboratory measuring 990cm x 770cm. BLE scanners collected signal strength data from BLE beacons placed in the lab. Using the highest signal strength values from 3 scanners, the KNN algorithm estimated the region where the beacon was located. Testing found the system was able to accurately estimate the location region of target beacons.
Solution for intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem in cluster-based pro...IJECEIAES
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been considered one of the important topics for researchers due to their wide applications in our life. Several researches have been conducted to improve WSNs performance and solve their issues. One of these issues is the energy limitation in WSNs since the source of energy in most WSNs is the battery. Accordingly, various protocols and techniques have been proposed with the intention of reducing power consumption of WSNs and lengthen their lifetime. Cluster-oriented routing protocols are one of the most effective categories of these protocols. In this article, we consider a major issue affecting the performance of this category of protocols, which we call the intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem (IICERP). We demonstrate that IICERP severely reduces the performance of a cluster-oriented routing protocol, so we suggest an effective Solution for IICERP (SIICERP). To assess SIICERP’s performance, comprehensive simulations were performed to demonstrate the performance of several cluster-oriented protocols without and with SIICERP. Simulation results revealed that SIICERP substantially increases the performance of cluster-oriented routing protocols.
Keynote Talk on Recent Advances in Mobile Grid and Cloud ComputingSayed Chhattan Shah
Due to recent advances in mobile computing and networking technologies it has become feasible to integrate various mobile devices such as robots, aerial vehicles, sensors, and smart phones with grid and cloud computing systems. This integration enables design and development of next generation of applications through sharing of computing resources in mobile environments and also introduces several challenges due to dynamic and unpredictable network.
In this talk, we will discuss applications and challenges involved in design and development of mobile grid and cloud computing systems, cloud robots, and innovative architectures for creating energy efficient and robust mobile cloud.
PREDICTING COMMUNICATION DELAY AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR IEEE 802.15.4/ZIGB...IJCNC
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) particularly for real time applications raise fundamental problems
for the scientific community. These problems are related to the limit of energy resource and the real time
constraints on the communication delay. The well functioning of such networks depends mainly on the
network lifetime result of nodes energies and the communication delay which should meet the required
deadlines. Thus, the well design of Real-Time Wireless Sensor Networks must be with the prediction of
the energy consumption and the communication delay. Therefore, this paper propose an analytical model
to predict the lifetime and the delay in IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee WSN. Our proposed model is based on
realistic assumptions. It considers the most important network features such as idle times from the
Backoff, overhearing and interferences by collisions and transmission errors. Compared to simulation
results and other analytical approaches, our model gives a reliable lifetime and delay prediction.
VIRTUAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGYEFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR 3D WIRELESS SE...ijwmn
This paper proposes a virtual architecture for three-dimensional (3D) wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a dynamic coordinate system, and a scalable energy-efficient training protocol for collections of nodes deployed in the space that are initially anonymous, asynchronous, and unaware of their initial location. The 3D WSNs considered comprise massively deployed tiny energy-constrained commodity sensors and one or more sink nodes that provide an interface to the outside world. The proposed architecture is a generalization of a two-dimensional virtual architecture previously proposed in the literature, in which a flexible and intuitive coordinate system is imposed onto the deployment area and the anonymous nodes are partitioned into clusters where data can be gathered from the environment and synthesized under local control. The architecture solves the hidden sensors problem that occurs because of irregularities in rugged deployment areas or environments containing buildings by training the network of nodes arbitrarily dispersed in the 3D space. In addition, we derive two simple and energy-efficient routing protocols, respectively for dense and sparse networks, based on the proposed dynamic coordinate system. They are used to minimize the power expended in collecting and routing data to the sink node, thus increasing the lifetime of the network.
Intrusion Detection and Countermeasure in Virtual Network Systems Using NICE ...IJERA Editor
The cloud computing has increased in many organizations. It provides many benefits in terms of low cost and accessibility of data. Ensuring the security of cloud computing is a major factor in the cloud computing environment, as users often store sensitive information with cloud storage providers but these providers may be untrusted. In this project we propose anIntrusion Detection and Countermeasure in Virtual Network Systems mechanism called NICE to prevent vulnerable virtual machines from being compromised in the cloud. NICE detects and mitigates collaborative attacks in the cloud virtual networking environment. The system performance evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of NICE and shows that the proposed solution can significantly reduce the risk of the cloud system from being exploited and abused by internal and external attackers.
A SURVEY OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS IN WSNIAEME Publication
Wireless sensor networks are harshly restricted by storage capacity, energy and computing power. Wireless Sensor Networks have acquired a lot of attention by research community, manufacturer as well as actual users for monitoring remote trades and how to gather data in different environment. The wireless sensor nodes are especially battery powered devices having life can be extended for some times while long lasting and reliable for maintaining consumption of energy and network lifetime while designs applications and protocols. So it is essential to design effective and energy efficient protocol in order to enhance the network lifetime. In this paper we present the study of different energy efficient communication protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).Then some of the communication protocols which are widely used in WSNs to improve network performance are also discussed advantages and disadvantages of each protocols.
Mobile Ad hoc Network is basically a crew of mobile traffic nodes, which figure an effectual dynamic topology and built a resource mannered network. Mobile Ad hoc Networks are exceptional cases of ad hoc networks that, but it is lacking infrastructure, communicating entities pass with various accelerations. For that reason, this impedes or delay lays the foundation of well built end-to-end communication paths. So Mobile Ad-hoc Network having efficient data transfer. In this manner, MANETs have out of the common network concerns and security challenges to get the advanced connectivity, immune communications, and reputation executives systems which have an impact on the trust in cooperation and settlement between mobile networking units. In this survey paper we confer about the security attributes, attacks, and challenges of MANETs.So, it is important to have a better and good formation algorithm to connect all the nodes to each other. There must be less time, low delay time, more battery life, more speeds of packets.
This document is a project proposal for implementing wireless data communication using Zigbee technology. It discusses using Zigbee modules to encrypt data from a keypad, transmit it wirelessly between two PCs up to 70 meters away, then decrypt and display the data. The objectives are to provide reliable and secure data transmission with low power consumption. Zigbee is suitable because it supports mesh networking, low data rates, long battery life, and security. The proposal reviews related work using Zigbee in wireless sensor networks for agriculture and discusses how Zigbee can benefit applications in hospitals, homes, and industry. The scope is limited to transmitting encrypted data between two PCs using Zigbee modules.
Capillary Networks play an important role in the growth of the Internet-of-Things, enabling wireless sensor networks to connect and use the capabilities of cellular networks through Capillary Gateways. Capillary Gateways facilitate the seamless integration of wireless sensor networks with cellular networks. Therefore, an optimal selection of the Capillary Gateways by the wireless sensor network is crucial for balancing the load between the gateways and optimizing the end-to-end path through both networks.
The rapid need of wireless demands a great deal of security and reliable routing in order to keep all the data sources and equipments secure. In order to develop efficient and robust protocols, it is essential to understand the inherent characteristics of wireless networks such as connectivity, coverage and varying channel conditions. Wireless LAN introduces the concept that use can connect to any one at any place at anytime by using various mobile appliances that can be carried at any place. Now Communication is no longer limited to a one place by holding wired phones. This is the big boom to the I.T industry but it also brings a lot of opportunities and challenges for the Network Administrator who is looking after the Wireless LANs (WLAN). WLAN traffic travels over radio waves that cannot be constrained by the walls or any Simranjeet Kaur"Reliable and Efficient Routing in WLAN" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd3585.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/3585/reliable-and-efficient-routing-in-wlan/simranjeet-kaur
An Improved Enhanced Real Time Routing Protocol (IERT) for Mobile Wireless Se...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an improved enhanced real-time routing protocol (IERT) for mobile wireless sensor networks. The protocol aims to increase network lifetime by using a backup coordinator node if the primary coordinator fails. It also uses a corona-based routing structure to reduce routing holes and increase throughput. The protocol is simulated using NS2 and is shown to increase network lifetime by 30% compared to the previous ERTLD protocol, while also achieving lower delays and higher delivery rates. It provides improvements over real-time routing protocols for wireless sensor networks.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Interference Revelation in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks and Confrontationirjes
In this paper, we utilize the Several interference revelation techniques proposed for mobile ad hoc
networks rely on each node passively monitoring the data forwarding by its next hop. This paper presents
quantitative evaluations of false positives and their impact on monitoring based interference revelation for ad
hoc networks. Experimental results show that, even for a simple three-node configuration, an actual ad-hoc
network suffers from high false positives; these results are validated by Markov and probabilistic models.
However, this false positive problem cannot be observed by simulating the same network using popular ad hoc
network simulators, such as ns-2, OPNET or Glomosim. To remedy this, a probabilistic noise generator model
is implemented in the Glomosim simulator. With this revised noise model, the simulated network exhibits the
aggregate false positive behavior similar to that of the experimental tested. Simulations of larger (50-node) ad
hoc networks indicate that monitoring-based interference revelation has very high false positives. These false
positives can reduce the network performance or increase the overhead. In a simple monitoring-based system
where no secondary and more accurate methods are used, the false positives impact the network performance in
two ways: reduced throughput in normal networks without attackers and inability to mitigate the effect of
attacks in networks with attackers.
EFFICIENT HIERARCHICAL ROUTING PROTOCOL IN SENSOR NETWORKSijassn
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is the network of hundreds and thousands of micro-sensor nodes,
connecting each other by a wireless medium.WSN provide reliable sensing of the environment, detecting
and reporting events to the sink. One of the most important constraints of WSN is energy consumption.
Since the micro sensors are small in dimension, batteries are necessary to produce power to the network. In
this paper, we have proposed an algorithm for hierarchy based protocols of wireless sensor networks,
which consist of two groups of sensor nodes in a single cluster node. Each cluster consists of a three cluster
head. The event driven data sensing mechanism is used in this paper and this sensed data is transmitted to
the master section head. The gathered data is transmitted to the sink via mobile agent. Hence efficient way
of data transmission is possible with larger group of nodes. In this approach of using hierarchy based
protocols; the lifetime of the sensor network is increased. This paper proposes an innovative approach of
cluster head election. The results are compared with LEACH protocol and proved to be energy efficient.
This document summarizes an evaluation of ad-hoc routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. It analyzes the performance of three protocols - DSDV, AODV, and DSR - through simulation. The results show that AODV has the best performance with less degradation and packet loss compared to DSDV and DSR as node mobility increases. AODV is therefore identified as the most suitable routing protocol for use in mobile wireless sensor networks based on its ability to handle topology changes from node movement.
This document proposes using self-organizing maps (SOMs), an unsupervised artificial neural network technique, to categorize sensory data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in order to conserve battery power. The proposed system trains a 2x3 SOM on a base station node to categorize data from active sensor nodes. After training, the SOM defines categories that sensor nodes then transmit instead of raw data, reducing transmissions and saving up to 48.5% of battery power. Evaluation of the approach considers battery savings versus number of training samples and transmission interval.
Performance analysis of massive multiple input multiple output for high speed...IJECEIAES
This paper analytically reviews the performance of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system for communication in highly mobility scenarios like high speed Railways. As popularity of high speed train increasing day by day, high data rate wireless communication system for high speed train is extremely required. 5G wireless communication systems must be designed to meet the requirement of high speed broadband services at speed of around 500 km/h, which is the expected speed achievable by HSR systems, at a data rate of 180 Mbps or higher. Significant challenges of high mobility communications are fast time-varying fading, channel estimation errors, doppler diversity, carrier frequency offset, inter carrier interference, high penetration loss and fast and frequent handovers. Therefore, crucial requirement to design high mobility communication channel models or systems prevails. Recently, massive MIMO techniques have been proposed to significantly improve the performance of wireless networks for upcoming 5G technology. Massive MIMO provide high throughput and high energy efficiency in wireless communication channel. In this paper, key findings, challenges and requirements to provide high speed wireless communication onboard the high speed train is pointed out after thorough literature review. In last, future research scope to bridge the research gap by designing efficient channel model by using massive MIMO and other optimization method is mentioned.
Efficient radio resource allocation scheme for 5G networks with device-to-devi...IJECEIAES
A vital technology in the next-generation cellular network is device-to-device (D2D) communication. Cellular user enabled with D2D communication provides high spectral efficiency and further increases the coverage area of the cell, especially for the end-cell users and blind spot areas. However, the implementation of D2D communication increases interference among the cellular and D2D users. In this paper, we proposed a radio resource allocation (RRA) algorithm to manage the interference using fractional frequency reuse (FFR) scheme and Hungarian algorithm. The proposed algorithm is divided into three parts. First, the FFR scheme allocates different frequency bands among the cell (inner and outer region) for both the cellular and the D2D users to reduce the interference. Second, the Hungarian weighted bipartite matching algorithm is used to allocate the resources to D2D users with the minimum total system interference, while maintaining the total system sum rate. The cellular users share the resources with more than one D2D pair. Lastly, the local search technique of swapping is used for further allocation to minimize the interference. We implemented two types of assignments, fair multiple assignment, and restricted multiple assignment. We compared our results with existing algorithms which verified that our proposed algorithm provides outstanding results in aspects like interference reduction and system sum rate. For restricted multiple assignment, 60-70% of the D2D users are allocated in average cases.
Survey of Wireless Sensor Network Applicationijsrd.com
Sensor networks offer a powerful combination of distributed sensing, computing and communication. They lend themselves to countless applications and, at the same time, offer numerous challenges due to their peculiarities, primarily the stringent energy constraints to which sensing nodes are typically subjected. The distinguishing traits of sensor networks have a direct impact on the hardware design of the nodes at least four levels: power source, processor, communication hardware, and sensors. Various hardware platforms have already been designed to test the many ideas spawned by the re-search community and to implement applications to virtually all fields of science and technology. We are convinced that CAS will be able to provide a substantial contribution to the development of this exciting field. A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the application's design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. The goal of our survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature since the publication of [I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, A survey on sensor networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002]. Following a top-down approach, we give an overview of several new applications and then review the literature on various aspects of WSNs. We classify the problems into three different categories: (1) Internal platform and underlying operating system, (2) Communication protocol stack, and (3) Network services, provisioning, and deployment. We review the major development in these three categories and outline new challenges.
A review of Hierarchical energy Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networkiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document discusses enabling innovative wireless solutions through the design of wireless sensor networks for spectrum sensing and cognitive communication (CROPS project). It outlines the challenges of dynamic spectrum access and the need for knowledge of spectrum availability. The CROPS project objectives are to design spectrum sensing wireless sensor networks that address spectrum sensing requirements, sensor data fusion, cooperative transmission, and multihop communication, as well as sensing hardware design.
Final year projects in chennai,IEEE 2011 projects titles,TTASuresh Radhakrishnan
This document provides a summary of 11 mobile computing final year project titles from IEEE papers between 2011-2008. It includes the project title, description, and reference for each. The projects relate to topics like reliability improvement in device-to-device communication, location tracking in mobile networks, environment partitioning in robotic networks, photo retrieval on mobile devices, routing in wireless mesh networks, and more. Contact information is provided at the bottom for those seeking the full paper details.
Impact of Frequency Offset on Interference between Zigbee and Wifi for Smart ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The Zigbee is a low cost communication technology used for low data rate communication system such as industrial automation etc. Because of its low complexity it is widely adopted for many applications. But the utilization of the same spectrum band by the WLAN system causes interference between both the systems. The proposed approach presents an analysis of this interference effect on Zigbee system when operated with WLAN sources at different distances and different power. It also analyzes the effect when a frequency offset is established between both systems. The simulation results shows that a small offset can provide sufficient improvement in the performance. Keywords: Smart Grids, Zigbee Network, Mesh Network, Wireless LAN (WLAN), BER
Study of ZIGBEE Technology and its Application in Wireless Automation Systemijtsrd
Wireless Automation System has drawn acceptable attentions of researchers or people using it for more than a decade. These systems can be implemented by using technologies as mentioned Z Wave, Insteon, Bluetooth, WiFi, Wavenis and ZigBee. In the above mentioned technologies ZigBee based systems uses have increased gradually in different applications scenarios due to its low cost and low power consumption. ZigBee is formalized by IEEE 802.15.4 radio standards and it is one of the mostly used transceiver standard that is used as a communication technology to connect local networks. In this paper detailed study of ZigBee has been interpreted and its application in automation system has also been discussed. Satyajit Dandi ""Study of ZIGBEE Technology and its Application in Wireless Automation System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30200.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/30200/study-of-zigbee-technology-and-its-application-in-wireless-automation-system/satyajit-dandi
Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart CampusIJMER
The document discusses simulations of Zigbee-based wireless sensor networks using different topologies with static and dynamic positioning of the Zigbee coordinator node. The simulations analyzed the effect on throughput and end-to-end delay. Results showed that a tree topology with a mobile coordinator had the highest throughput. A mesh topology, whether with static or dynamic coordinator, produced the lowest end-to-end delay. The document concludes that making the coordinator node mobile generally provides better network performance than a static coordinator configuration.
Zigbee technology and its application inIJCNCJournal
Wireless home automation systems have drawn considerable attentions of the researchers for more than a
decade. The major technologies used to implement these systems include Z-Wave, Insteon, Wavenis,
Bluetooth, WiFi, and ZigBee. Among these technologies the ZigBee based systems have become very popular
because of its low cost and low power consumption. In this paper ZigBee based wireless home automation
systems have been addressed. There are two main parts of this paper. In the first part a brief introduction of
the ZigBee technology has been presented and in the second part a survey work on the ZigBee based wireless
home automation system has been presented. The performances of the ZigBee based systems have also been
compared with those of other competing technologies based systems. In addition some future opportunities
and challenges of the ZigBee based systems have been listed in this paper.
A Study on the ZigBee Wireless Communication for IAQ Monitoring of Undergroun...ijtsrd
In this paper, the 424MHz ZigBee module, which uses a relatively lower frequency for wireless transmission and reception, is found to have a much higher data transfer rate than that of the 2.4GHz XBee PRO in the presence of obstacles such as subway waiting rooms, platform like stairs, complicated structures, and crowded passengers. This indicates that low frequency radio waves have better diffraction characteristics and thus better performance in face of obstacles. Therefore, it was found that low frequency Zigbee modules are advantageous in areas with complex structures such as subways. Tae-In Hyon | Gyu-Sik Kim "A Study on the ZigBee Wireless Communication for IAQ Monitoring of Underground Subway Stations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26820.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26820/a-study-on-the-zigbee-wireless-communication-for-iaq-monitoring-of-underground-subway-stations/tae-in-hyon
A SURVEY OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS IN WSNIAEME Publication
Wireless sensor networks are harshly restricted by storage capacity, energy and computing power. Wireless Sensor Networks have acquired a lot of attention by research community, manufacturer as well as actual users for monitoring remote trades and how to gather data in different environment. The wireless sensor nodes are especially battery powered devices having life can be extended for some times while long lasting and reliable for maintaining consumption of energy and network lifetime while designs applications and protocols. So it is essential to design effective and energy efficient protocol in order to enhance the network lifetime. In this paper we present the study of different energy efficient communication protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).Then some of the communication protocols which are widely used in WSNs to improve network performance are also discussed advantages and disadvantages of each protocols.
Mobile Ad hoc Network is basically a crew of mobile traffic nodes, which figure an effectual dynamic topology and built a resource mannered network. Mobile Ad hoc Networks are exceptional cases of ad hoc networks that, but it is lacking infrastructure, communicating entities pass with various accelerations. For that reason, this impedes or delay lays the foundation of well built end-to-end communication paths. So Mobile Ad-hoc Network having efficient data transfer. In this manner, MANETs have out of the common network concerns and security challenges to get the advanced connectivity, immune communications, and reputation executives systems which have an impact on the trust in cooperation and settlement between mobile networking units. In this survey paper we confer about the security attributes, attacks, and challenges of MANETs.So, it is important to have a better and good formation algorithm to connect all the nodes to each other. There must be less time, low delay time, more battery life, more speeds of packets.
This document is a project proposal for implementing wireless data communication using Zigbee technology. It discusses using Zigbee modules to encrypt data from a keypad, transmit it wirelessly between two PCs up to 70 meters away, then decrypt and display the data. The objectives are to provide reliable and secure data transmission with low power consumption. Zigbee is suitable because it supports mesh networking, low data rates, long battery life, and security. The proposal reviews related work using Zigbee in wireless sensor networks for agriculture and discusses how Zigbee can benefit applications in hospitals, homes, and industry. The scope is limited to transmitting encrypted data between two PCs using Zigbee modules.
Capillary Networks play an important role in the growth of the Internet-of-Things, enabling wireless sensor networks to connect and use the capabilities of cellular networks through Capillary Gateways. Capillary Gateways facilitate the seamless integration of wireless sensor networks with cellular networks. Therefore, an optimal selection of the Capillary Gateways by the wireless sensor network is crucial for balancing the load between the gateways and optimizing the end-to-end path through both networks.
The rapid need of wireless demands a great deal of security and reliable routing in order to keep all the data sources and equipments secure. In order to develop efficient and robust protocols, it is essential to understand the inherent characteristics of wireless networks such as connectivity, coverage and varying channel conditions. Wireless LAN introduces the concept that use can connect to any one at any place at anytime by using various mobile appliances that can be carried at any place. Now Communication is no longer limited to a one place by holding wired phones. This is the big boom to the I.T industry but it also brings a lot of opportunities and challenges for the Network Administrator who is looking after the Wireless LANs (WLAN). WLAN traffic travels over radio waves that cannot be constrained by the walls or any Simranjeet Kaur"Reliable and Efficient Routing in WLAN" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd3585.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/3585/reliable-and-efficient-routing-in-wlan/simranjeet-kaur
An Improved Enhanced Real Time Routing Protocol (IERT) for Mobile Wireless Se...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an improved enhanced real-time routing protocol (IERT) for mobile wireless sensor networks. The protocol aims to increase network lifetime by using a backup coordinator node if the primary coordinator fails. It also uses a corona-based routing structure to reduce routing holes and increase throughput. The protocol is simulated using NS2 and is shown to increase network lifetime by 30% compared to the previous ERTLD protocol, while also achieving lower delays and higher delivery rates. It provides improvements over real-time routing protocols for wireless sensor networks.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Interference Revelation in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks and Confrontationirjes
In this paper, we utilize the Several interference revelation techniques proposed for mobile ad hoc
networks rely on each node passively monitoring the data forwarding by its next hop. This paper presents
quantitative evaluations of false positives and their impact on monitoring based interference revelation for ad
hoc networks. Experimental results show that, even for a simple three-node configuration, an actual ad-hoc
network suffers from high false positives; these results are validated by Markov and probabilistic models.
However, this false positive problem cannot be observed by simulating the same network using popular ad hoc
network simulators, such as ns-2, OPNET or Glomosim. To remedy this, a probabilistic noise generator model
is implemented in the Glomosim simulator. With this revised noise model, the simulated network exhibits the
aggregate false positive behavior similar to that of the experimental tested. Simulations of larger (50-node) ad
hoc networks indicate that monitoring-based interference revelation has very high false positives. These false
positives can reduce the network performance or increase the overhead. In a simple monitoring-based system
where no secondary and more accurate methods are used, the false positives impact the network performance in
two ways: reduced throughput in normal networks without attackers and inability to mitigate the effect of
attacks in networks with attackers.
EFFICIENT HIERARCHICAL ROUTING PROTOCOL IN SENSOR NETWORKSijassn
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is the network of hundreds and thousands of micro-sensor nodes,
connecting each other by a wireless medium.WSN provide reliable sensing of the environment, detecting
and reporting events to the sink. One of the most important constraints of WSN is energy consumption.
Since the micro sensors are small in dimension, batteries are necessary to produce power to the network. In
this paper, we have proposed an algorithm for hierarchy based protocols of wireless sensor networks,
which consist of two groups of sensor nodes in a single cluster node. Each cluster consists of a three cluster
head. The event driven data sensing mechanism is used in this paper and this sensed data is transmitted to
the master section head. The gathered data is transmitted to the sink via mobile agent. Hence efficient way
of data transmission is possible with larger group of nodes. In this approach of using hierarchy based
protocols; the lifetime of the sensor network is increased. This paper proposes an innovative approach of
cluster head election. The results are compared with LEACH protocol and proved to be energy efficient.
This document summarizes an evaluation of ad-hoc routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. It analyzes the performance of three protocols - DSDV, AODV, and DSR - through simulation. The results show that AODV has the best performance with less degradation and packet loss compared to DSDV and DSR as node mobility increases. AODV is therefore identified as the most suitable routing protocol for use in mobile wireless sensor networks based on its ability to handle topology changes from node movement.
This document proposes using self-organizing maps (SOMs), an unsupervised artificial neural network technique, to categorize sensory data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in order to conserve battery power. The proposed system trains a 2x3 SOM on a base station node to categorize data from active sensor nodes. After training, the SOM defines categories that sensor nodes then transmit instead of raw data, reducing transmissions and saving up to 48.5% of battery power. Evaluation of the approach considers battery savings versus number of training samples and transmission interval.
Performance analysis of massive multiple input multiple output for high speed...IJECEIAES
This paper analytically reviews the performance of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system for communication in highly mobility scenarios like high speed Railways. As popularity of high speed train increasing day by day, high data rate wireless communication system for high speed train is extremely required. 5G wireless communication systems must be designed to meet the requirement of high speed broadband services at speed of around 500 km/h, which is the expected speed achievable by HSR systems, at a data rate of 180 Mbps or higher. Significant challenges of high mobility communications are fast time-varying fading, channel estimation errors, doppler diversity, carrier frequency offset, inter carrier interference, high penetration loss and fast and frequent handovers. Therefore, crucial requirement to design high mobility communication channel models or systems prevails. Recently, massive MIMO techniques have been proposed to significantly improve the performance of wireless networks for upcoming 5G technology. Massive MIMO provide high throughput and high energy efficiency in wireless communication channel. In this paper, key findings, challenges and requirements to provide high speed wireless communication onboard the high speed train is pointed out after thorough literature review. In last, future research scope to bridge the research gap by designing efficient channel model by using massive MIMO and other optimization method is mentioned.
Efficient radio resource allocation scheme for 5G networks with device-to-devi...IJECEIAES
A vital technology in the next-generation cellular network is device-to-device (D2D) communication. Cellular user enabled with D2D communication provides high spectral efficiency and further increases the coverage area of the cell, especially for the end-cell users and blind spot areas. However, the implementation of D2D communication increases interference among the cellular and D2D users. In this paper, we proposed a radio resource allocation (RRA) algorithm to manage the interference using fractional frequency reuse (FFR) scheme and Hungarian algorithm. The proposed algorithm is divided into three parts. First, the FFR scheme allocates different frequency bands among the cell (inner and outer region) for both the cellular and the D2D users to reduce the interference. Second, the Hungarian weighted bipartite matching algorithm is used to allocate the resources to D2D users with the minimum total system interference, while maintaining the total system sum rate. The cellular users share the resources with more than one D2D pair. Lastly, the local search technique of swapping is used for further allocation to minimize the interference. We implemented two types of assignments, fair multiple assignment, and restricted multiple assignment. We compared our results with existing algorithms which verified that our proposed algorithm provides outstanding results in aspects like interference reduction and system sum rate. For restricted multiple assignment, 60-70% of the D2D users are allocated in average cases.
Survey of Wireless Sensor Network Applicationijsrd.com
Sensor networks offer a powerful combination of distributed sensing, computing and communication. They lend themselves to countless applications and, at the same time, offer numerous challenges due to their peculiarities, primarily the stringent energy constraints to which sensing nodes are typically subjected. The distinguishing traits of sensor networks have a direct impact on the hardware design of the nodes at least four levels: power source, processor, communication hardware, and sensors. Various hardware platforms have already been designed to test the many ideas spawned by the re-search community and to implement applications to virtually all fields of science and technology. We are convinced that CAS will be able to provide a substantial contribution to the development of this exciting field. A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the application's design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. The goal of our survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature since the publication of [I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, A survey on sensor networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002]. Following a top-down approach, we give an overview of several new applications and then review the literature on various aspects of WSNs. We classify the problems into three different categories: (1) Internal platform and underlying operating system, (2) Communication protocol stack, and (3) Network services, provisioning, and deployment. We review the major development in these three categories and outline new challenges.
A review of Hierarchical energy Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networkiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document discusses enabling innovative wireless solutions through the design of wireless sensor networks for spectrum sensing and cognitive communication (CROPS project). It outlines the challenges of dynamic spectrum access and the need for knowledge of spectrum availability. The CROPS project objectives are to design spectrum sensing wireless sensor networks that address spectrum sensing requirements, sensor data fusion, cooperative transmission, and multihop communication, as well as sensing hardware design.
Final year projects in chennai,IEEE 2011 projects titles,TTASuresh Radhakrishnan
This document provides a summary of 11 mobile computing final year project titles from IEEE papers between 2011-2008. It includes the project title, description, and reference for each. The projects relate to topics like reliability improvement in device-to-device communication, location tracking in mobile networks, environment partitioning in robotic networks, photo retrieval on mobile devices, routing in wireless mesh networks, and more. Contact information is provided at the bottom for those seeking the full paper details.
Impact of Frequency Offset on Interference between Zigbee and Wifi for Smart ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The Zigbee is a low cost communication technology used for low data rate communication system such as industrial automation etc. Because of its low complexity it is widely adopted for many applications. But the utilization of the same spectrum band by the WLAN system causes interference between both the systems. The proposed approach presents an analysis of this interference effect on Zigbee system when operated with WLAN sources at different distances and different power. It also analyzes the effect when a frequency offset is established between both systems. The simulation results shows that a small offset can provide sufficient improvement in the performance. Keywords: Smart Grids, Zigbee Network, Mesh Network, Wireless LAN (WLAN), BER
Study of ZIGBEE Technology and its Application in Wireless Automation Systemijtsrd
Wireless Automation System has drawn acceptable attentions of researchers or people using it for more than a decade. These systems can be implemented by using technologies as mentioned Z Wave, Insteon, Bluetooth, WiFi, Wavenis and ZigBee. In the above mentioned technologies ZigBee based systems uses have increased gradually in different applications scenarios due to its low cost and low power consumption. ZigBee is formalized by IEEE 802.15.4 radio standards and it is one of the mostly used transceiver standard that is used as a communication technology to connect local networks. In this paper detailed study of ZigBee has been interpreted and its application in automation system has also been discussed. Satyajit Dandi ""Study of ZIGBEE Technology and its Application in Wireless Automation System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30200.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/30200/study-of-zigbee-technology-and-its-application-in-wireless-automation-system/satyajit-dandi
Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart CampusIJMER
The document discusses simulations of Zigbee-based wireless sensor networks using different topologies with static and dynamic positioning of the Zigbee coordinator node. The simulations analyzed the effect on throughput and end-to-end delay. Results showed that a tree topology with a mobile coordinator had the highest throughput. A mesh topology, whether with static or dynamic coordinator, produced the lowest end-to-end delay. The document concludes that making the coordinator node mobile generally provides better network performance than a static coordinator configuration.
Zigbee technology and its application inIJCNCJournal
Wireless home automation systems have drawn considerable attentions of the researchers for more than a
decade. The major technologies used to implement these systems include Z-Wave, Insteon, Wavenis,
Bluetooth, WiFi, and ZigBee. Among these technologies the ZigBee based systems have become very popular
because of its low cost and low power consumption. In this paper ZigBee based wireless home automation
systems have been addressed. There are two main parts of this paper. In the first part a brief introduction of
the ZigBee technology has been presented and in the second part a survey work on the ZigBee based wireless
home automation system has been presented. The performances of the ZigBee based systems have also been
compared with those of other competing technologies based systems. In addition some future opportunities
and challenges of the ZigBee based systems have been listed in this paper.
A Study on the ZigBee Wireless Communication for IAQ Monitoring of Undergroun...ijtsrd
In this paper, the 424MHz ZigBee module, which uses a relatively lower frequency for wireless transmission and reception, is found to have a much higher data transfer rate than that of the 2.4GHz XBee PRO in the presence of obstacles such as subway waiting rooms, platform like stairs, complicated structures, and crowded passengers. This indicates that low frequency radio waves have better diffraction characteristics and thus better performance in face of obstacles. Therefore, it was found that low frequency Zigbee modules are advantageous in areas with complex structures such as subways. Tae-In Hyon | Gyu-Sik Kim "A Study on the ZigBee Wireless Communication for IAQ Monitoring of Underground Subway Stations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26820.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26820/a-study-on-the-zigbee-wireless-communication-for-iaq-monitoring-of-underground-subway-stations/tae-in-hyon
THE UWB SOLUTION FOR MULTIMEDIA TRAFFIC IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSijwmn
Several researches are focused on the QoS (Quality of Service) and Energy consumption in wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Those research projects invest in theory and practice in order to extend the spectrum of use of norms, standards and technologies which are emerged in wireless communications.
The performance of these technologies is strongly related to domains of use and limitations of their characteristics. In this paper, we give a comparison of ZigBee technology, most widely used in sensor networks, and UWB (Ultra Wide Band) which presents itself as competitor that present in these work better results for audiovisual applications with medium-range and high throughput.
DATA TRANSMISSION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR EFFECTIVE AND SECURE COMMUN...IJEEE
Data transmission occurs from transmitting node to sink node, which communicate each other via large number of intermediate nodes or directly to an external base station. A network consists of numbers of nodes with one as a source and one or more as a destination node.
Analysis and Implementation Wireless Sensor Network of Information Technology...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- This paper, we propose a smart home system based on two approaches. The first approach is topologi architecture mesh and the second is the protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are efficient. This system has two working environment, indoor and outdoor. Indoor environment using WSN system, while the external environment usingsystem. internet-cloudThis scheme is known as the Internet-of-Things (IOT). Indoor and outdoor environments connected to each other by means of a connecting bridge. WSN system formed from the components of WSN that uses a mesh topology. Each component of the WSN designed for implementing efficient data protocols are proposed. For outdoor environments, system-cloud Internet that there is a major infrastructure. Thus, the smart home system can be monitored and controlled from a smartphone, anytime and anywhere, as long as access to mobile data is available. For the evaluation of the system, several tests have been done to get the system profile.
Designing of Advanced and Efficient Tree Routing in Zigbee Wireless Networkrahulmonikasharma
Zigbee is a distinctive communication criterions principally aimed to be deployed for wireless personal area networks with low rate. It’s an IEEE 802.15.4 based usual incurring minimal amount of complexity, cut rate and low strength consumption. Zigbee cluster-tree be good-recognized zigbee topologies especially suitable for WSN’s consuming low strength and sustaining cut rate since it supports power rescue operations. When Zigbee cluster network generates more traffic, the performance of the network tends to decline due to lack of bandwidth utilization. The earlier techniques employed for the purpose was providing supple routing and increased bandwidth utilization. But they tend to compromise on an ideally and convergence rage of bandwidth usages. Thereby we propose as Enhanced Distributed Adoptive Parent (EDAP) based structure for Zigbee cluster tree networks that manages changing traffic weight communication at any granted moment. The nodes collecting the sensed data are appropriated depending on the traffic load demands. Such a framework when applied improves bandwidth of the network and in turn improves the overall performance of the network.
A SURVEY OF THE S TATE OF THE A RT IN Z IG B EEIJCI JOURNAL
ZigBee is one of the most widely used wireless comm
unication technologies. ZigBee is being widely used
for sensor communications and many other research f
ields. Why consider ZigBee? Because it is cheap and
has better compatibility when compared to other com
munication technologies. We have given a detailed
description on comparison between all the available
technologies. In this paper, we have discussed so
me
basic concepts about ZigBee and its security aspect
s in networking. We have also listed out the major
manufacturers who are into the production of the tr
ansceivers for ZigBee
- Zigbee is a wireless mesh networking standard used for low-power wireless personal area networks. It operates on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and defines the higher layers for reliable transmission of data between devices.
- 6LoWPAN is an adaptation layer that allows IPv6 packets to be sent over IEEE 802.15.4 low-power wireless networks. It provides compression mechanisms to encapsulate IPv6 datagrams into frames compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
- Both Zigbee and 6LoWPAN are commonly used in wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things applications where many devices need to communicate wirelessly over short distances with low power consumption. However, Z
This article presents a study of the state of the art of sensor networks wireless systems, which continue to develop and present a wide variety of Applications. These networks constitute a current and emerging field of study where combines the development of computers, wireless communications and devices mobile phones and integration with other disciplines such as agriculture, biology, medicine, etc. I know presents the main concept, components, topologies, standards, applications, problems and challenges, then delves into security solutions and concludes with basic simulation tools.
This document provides an overview of wireless sensor network software architecture. It discusses the key components of WSNs including sensing units, processing units, power suppliers, and communication devices. It then examines various topics related to WSN software architecture, including network topologies, the IEEE 1451 standard for smart sensors, software architecture components like operating systems and middleware, services in sensor networks, and research challenges around security. The goal is to provide a reliable software architecture for WSNs to enable better performance and functionality.
Towards internet of things iots integration of wireless sensor network to clo...IJCNCJournal
Cloud computing provides great benefits for applications hosted on the Web that also have special
computational and storage requirements. This paper proposes an extensible and flexible architecture for
integrating Wireless Sensor Networks with the Cloud. We have used REST based Web services as an
interoperable application layer that can be directly integrated into other application domains for remote
monitoring such as e-health care services, smart homes, or even vehicular area networks (VAN). For proof
of concept, we have implemented a REST based Web services on an IP based low power WSN test bed,
which enables data access from anywhere. The alert feature has also been implemented to notify users via
email or tweets for monitoring data when they exceed values and events of interest.
LIFETIME IMPROVEMENT USING MOBILE AGENT IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKJournal For Research
Wireless sensor networks have attracted much attention in the research community over the last few years, driven by a wealth of theoretical and practical challenges and an increasing number of practical civilian application. ‘one deployment, multiple applications’ is an emerging trend in the development of WSN, due to the high cost of deploying hundreds and thousands of sensors nodes over a wide geographical area and the application-specific nature of tasking a WSN. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. To reduce the energy consumption, the transmission of data between sensor nodes must be reduced in order to preserve the remaining energy in cluster node. We propose a new energy balancing architecture based on cluster with hexagonal geometry with radius R.select the base station and after select the cluster head with maximum energy of the node and after select mobile agent in minimum distance to cluster head and second highest maximum energy. And then send the data mobile agent to cluster head and cluster head to base station.and we have energy management must be followed to balance the energy in the whole network and improving network lifetime.
ZigBee is a wireless communication standard that uses small, low-power digital radios to transmit data over short distances. It is intended to be simpler and cheaper than other wireless personal area network (WPAN) technologies like Bluetooth. The ZigBee standard defines protocols for sensing, monitoring and control applications that require transmission of small data packets over longer battery life and secure networking. The document discusses ZigBee's low-power and low-cost characteristics that make it suitable for wireless sensor networks. It also describes ZigBee's network topologies, frame structure, security features and other technical specifications.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
A LOW COST AND FLEXIBLE ZIGBEE SYSTEM FOR LOGISTICS USING WIRELESS SENSOR NET...AM Publications
A network consisting of sensors such as temperature, pressure and sound are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions such a network is known as WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN). The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is the heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4. The low data rates, low power consumption and low cost are the main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor node’s information in the network is sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects the sensor’s data, stores the data in memory, processes the data, and routes the data to the appropriate node.
OPTIMIZING SMART THINGS ADDRESSING THROUGH THE ZIGBEE-BASED INTERNET OF THINGSIJCNCJournal
Devices are becoming increasingly interconnected; linked with each other and with humans. The internet
of things(IoT) concept is currently used in machine to machine (M2M) applications like power, gas, and oil
utilities transmission and transport. The most profound challenge that IoT faces is how to connect several
very different devices into a network of things. In this regard, the standard for sending information between
devices supporting IoT is called ZigBee, also known as the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard: ZigBee is
indispensable to the functioning of the IoT. In this paper, OPNET has been used to simulate two quite
differently scaled Wireless Sensor Network environments. The two environments had quite different ZigBee
topologies; thus, an analysis of the performance in regard to each topology could be made. We
propose,ZigBee as optional addressing method for smart-things making up the smart world which
facilitates the transmission and analysis of data automatically.
Characterization of directed diffusion protocol in wireless sensor networkijwmn
Wireless sensor network (WSN) has enormous applications in many places for monitoring the environments
of importance. Sensor nodes are capable of sensing, computing, and communicating. These sensor nodes
are energy constraint and operated by batteries. Since energy consumption is an important issue of WSN,
there have been many energy-efficient protocols proposed for the WSN. Directed diffusion (DD) is a datacentric
protocol that focuses on the energy efficiency of the networks. Since the first proposal of DD
protocol by Deborah, there have been various versions of DD protocols proposed by many scientists across
the globe. These upgraded versions of DD protocols add on various features to the original DD protocol
such as energy, scalability, network lifetime, security, reliability, and mobility. In this paper, we discuss
and classify various characteristics of themost populardirected diffusion protocols that have been proposed
over couple of years.
This document discusses different types of non-fiction texts that describe a person's life, including biographies, autobiographies, articles, and documentaries. Biographies are written about a person by someone else, while autobiographies are written by the subject themselves. Both biographies and autobiographies provide detailed chronological accounts of a person's life. Articles and documentaries can be written by anyone and do not require consent, while biographies and autobiographies require the subject's permission. Famous examples of both biographies and autobiographies are provided.
What is an Essay? - How to Write a Good Essay - essayassignmentwriting.comessayassignmentwriting
What is anEssay?
An essay is a formal piece of writing on a particular topic. There are several types of essays, but the requirement of formal tone is mandatory in all essay types.
The cultural property chosen from the World Heritage List is the Red Fort Complex in Delhi, India (World Heritage List, 2016). The Red Fort Complex was built by the fifth Mughal emperor in India, Shahjahan. Like other emperors of the Mughal Empire, Shahjahan made numerous contributions to the subcontinent in the form of beautiful, culturally enriched buildings that are present till date. Taj Mahal, one of the wonders of the World, was also built by Shahjahan.
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In order to carry out strategic analysis of Apple Inc., its internal and external environments need to be studied. So, in this section, Porter five forces analysis and PEST analysis of Apple have been done whereas for internal analysis of the company SWOT analysis will be conducted.
Consumer capitalism has significantly changed urban life in several ways. It has transformed urban lifestyles from focusing on social order to prioritizing consumption. Cities are now seen as places for consumption rather than production. Consumer capitalism also influenced the liberation movements of the 1960s-70s, using identity searches to market products and celebrity endorsements. This helped the marketing industry take control of the economy. Additionally, consumer capitalism set new social standards like expectations around dowries that compel excessive purchasing to show wealth and status. It has changed social stratification by making formerly elite places like New York's Central Park accessible to lower classes. Finally, consumer capitalism has allowed for new living arrangements like dual-income families and independent living for women. However,
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Apple has achieved phenomenal success due to its preemptive approach in recognizing opportunities in the market before rivals. It has developed a strong brand and loyal customer base. This report analyzes Apple strategically, conducting external analysis using PEST and Porter's Five Forces, and internal analysis using SWOT. Apple's sustainable competitive advantages are its closed ecosystem and strong brand. Recommendations include investing more in CSR and addressing criticism over labor practices to improve its image.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
1. Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................2
2. Literature Review ....................................................................................................................2
3. The Technology Environment...................................................................................................4
4. Advantages and Disadvantages:................................................................................................6
5. Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................7
References..................................................................................................................................7
2. 1. Introduction
In a world dominated by technology, the use efficient, reliable and cost-effective means
of communication is increasing tremendously. In this scenario, Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSN) caught the attention of people on global level (Titus et al., 2005). Wireless sensor
standards have been developed due to their low power mode like ISA100.11, Wireless HART,
IEEE 802.15.3, Wibree and ZigBee. ZigBee based WSN was developed to meet the emerging
issues regarding energy consumption. ZigBee is a standard wireless network which was
authorized in December 2005 in the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and
supports higher layer protocol following the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It may run in three
different bands i.e. 2.4 GHz, 868 MHz and 928 MHz (Chhaya, Sharma, Bhagwatikar & Kumar,
2017). ZigBee based wireless sensor networks are designed under ZigBee Alliance, which is an
alliance of different companies working together to develop global standards for designing
energy-efficient wireless systems (Kaushal, Kaur & Kaur, 2014). Several wireless based
monitoring applications have been introduced in industrial and domestic environment which
require less energy usage, good battery life and low complexity. For such applications, ZigBee or
IEEE 802.15.4 standard proved to be a best alternative than existing standards like ISA100.11,
Wibree and Wireless HART. ZigBee is named due to the irregular pattern of bees moving zigzag
around the flowers indicating a communication between mesh network and nodes. This ZigBee
network comprising of its specific components is similar to the components of bees’ network like
queen bee, worker bees and drones (Kaushal, Kaur & Kaur, 2014).
2. Literature Review
Wireless Sensor Networks have been tremendously used having various industrial,
agricultural, military, domestic and other commercial applications. WSNs can also be used in
sports while observing the behavior of athletes during their training or competitions (Gharghan,
Nordin & Ismail, 2014). Kamat, Patil and Bobade (n.d.) mentioned that moving from early
research in military applications, ZigBee based WSNs have been widely used in home
automation, flood monitoring, meter reading for utility purposes, judgment of rainfall and other
healthcare perspectives. These WSNs are flexible for installation and functioning as compared to
other conventional networks. These networks are specifically curative, adaptive and are designed
in a manner so that they can overcome the harsh conditions or may endure hostile environmental
3. variations. Baeg et al. (2007) designed a home project for frivolous service robots to get
definitive services by using ZigBee based WSN. Liang, Huang, Jiang and Yao (2008) projected a
wireless system having smart home sensor based on ZigBee network. Nadimi, Søgaard, Bak and
Oudshoorn (2008) used ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network to observe the presence and
pasture time of cows in a field having new grass. The total pasture time was calculated by
monitoring the pasture time in gateway area where gateway was directly be in touch with sensor
nodes. Similarly, Suh and Ko (2008) proposed a new home control system based on WSN which
was designed to assign several home tasks. Moreover, Zhou, Tian, Xue and Yin (2011) describe
wireless sensor network based on multi-pattern information acquirement. Kaushal, Kaur and
Kaur (2014) reviewed ZigBee based WSNs by describing the importance of this technology,
characteristics, access method, topologies and its various applications. It is also used in smart
watch.
A comparison of Zigbee with WiFi and Bluetooth is shown in figure below (Future
Electronics, n.d.):
4. 3. The Technology Environment
ZigBee WSNs comprise of basic components like one coordinator, few end devices as
well as routers. The coordinator is responsible for the maintenance of whole personal area
network of ZigBee. During initialization phase, scanning of existing radio signals to search more
useful and reliable channels is conducted by coordinator. This program is already installed in
coordinator. After the phase of initialization, ZigBee devices request the coordinator to connect
with the network. At this time, end devices scan already existing channels to indicate the
network renowned by identifier and then requests are sent to coordinator. There is an optional
5. device in ZigBee WSN i.e. router which is responsible for routing when there has been covered a
large area by personal area network (Song, Lu & Bai, 2012). It has been reported that there are
two kinds of access methods i.e. non-Beacon enabled and Beacon enabled. In non-Beacon
enabled access method, nodes present in the network can send the required data when channels
are free, while in case of Beacon enabled access method, nodes can send or get only pre-agreed
time gaps (Kaushal et al., 2014).
There are three different network topologies which are supported by ZigBee WSNs i.e.
star, tree and mesh topology. Star topology is simple in which coordinator is enclosed in several
end devices and routers. However, the drawback of this topology is that if coordinator is stopped,
the network cannot function, because all messages have to travel through the centre of star to
reach their destination. In tree topology, coordinator may connect with end devices or routers and
it is possible that multiple nodes may connect with each router. Here the coordinator acts as the
root of tree. All the messages may adopt only one pathway, hence it is not considered as a
reliable topology. The most reliable and flexible topology is mesh topology, as messages can
follow multiple pathways from their respective source to the target point. ZigBee has self-healing
system and if any router falls, this mechanism allows the system to find another alternative
pathway for signals (Kaushal et al., 2014).
The ZigBee architecture is composed of several components like physical layer, Medium
Access Control (MAC layer), network layer and application layer. Physical layer is the nearest
layer to the hardware. It can directly communicate with the radio transceiver. MAC layer lines
between physical layer and network layer; it is not only responsible for connecting and
disconnecting, but it also harmonizes devices to beacon channel in beacon enabled network. The
network layer is an intermediate layer between MAC layer and application layer. It helps to form
the network and routing system and it is also useful to enhance the battery life in devices having
low power mode. Application layer holds the application objects and it is the upper most layer of
ZigBee protocol stack (Song, Tian & Li, 2011). Transport layer, presentation layer and session
layer are included in Application support sub layer and zigbee device objects (Ravi, 2017).
6. 4. Advantages and Disadvantages:
There are several advantages of ZigBee based WSNs. It is a cost-effective, less-complex
than general-purpose operating systems and energy-efficient technology which has been widely
used in industrial applications. It holds up almost 65,000 devices on only one network. It helps in
transmission options like broadcast. ZigBee can provide maximum 250 Kbps output due to its
low data rate capability, hence can be used in several applications like home automation,
patient’s fitness examining, forest fire monitoring, meter reading, health care, home based gym,
air pollution detection, water quality measurements, residential utility system, substitution of
cable, checking system for parking vacancies, greenhouse designing, indication of environmental
disasters. ZigBee end devices have the ability to function for at least two years even on a single
battery (Somani & Petal, 2012).
ZigBee based WSNs have some drawbacks also. It requires a lot of knowledge of the
system regarding operational maintenance and working. It is less secure than WiFi system. When
there is any fault in ZigBee based home-appliances, the replacement may carry a large cost.
ZigBee based communication technology may have usage from unauthorized people similar to
the other wireless communication system. ZigBee wireless sensor network devices can be used
in indoor wireless applications widely due to some limitations (Chhaya, Sharma, Bhagwatikar &
Kumar, 2017).
7. 5. Conclusion
ZigBee based wireless sensor network require low power standards to improve and
increase the lifetime of network system. It has importance due to its less complexity, accuracy,
cost-effectiveness, reliability, low data rate and flexibility. It offers advanced security systems,
less energy consumption and excellent mesh networking. It supports two types of access methods
and three different network topologies. The technology has prominence to communicate between
nearby devices with very low cost and power consumption. In future, we may work on different
models for energy calculations and to enhance network lifetime by optimization of the system.
References
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