Resistance training uses resistance to muscular movement to build strength, endurance, and muscle size. It provides benefits like increased muscle strength and tone, flexibility, balance, decreased injury risk, and improved bone density and sleep. The document recommends doing multi-joint exercises that recruit more muscle groups over single-joint movements. It also suggests doing multiple sets of 3-4 repetitions of an exercise while using a weight that allows good form on the last repetition before fatigue sets in. Short rests between sets allow muscles to clear metabolites and prepare for the next set.