Which complex in the electron transport chain does not contribute to t.docx
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Which complex in the electron transport chain does not contribute to the proton gradient? Why not? Solution Ans - An electron transport chain ( ETC ) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. The four complexes involved in electron transport chain are Complex II does not contribute to proton gradient in electron transport chain. This complex oxidizes succinate, which is produced in TCA cycle, and transfers electrons to ubiquinone. This complex is not associated with any proton gradient. .
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. The electrons that are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC involves four multi-subunit large enzymes complexes and two mobile electron carriers. Many of the enzymes in the electron transport chain are embedded within the membrane.
In an electron transport chain, the redox reactions are driven by the difference in the Gibbs free energy of reactants and products. The free energy released when a higher-energy electron donor and acceptor convert to lower-energy products, while electrons are transferred from a lower to a higher redox potential, is used by the complexes in the electron transport chain to create an electrochemical gradient of ions. It is this electrochemical gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP via coupling with oxidative phosphorylation with ATP synthase.
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conditions affect ATP production by the electron transport chain? (7 marks)
Abundance of NADH and O2
Cyanide added
Lack of O2
Solution
There are five major components in electron system. They are:
Complex I:
It is a large, multisubunit complex with about 40 polypeptide chains passes electron from NADH
to CoQ. It contains one molecule of FMN and 6-7 Fe-S clusters that participate in electron
transport process. During transport of each pair of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q,
complex I pumps 4 protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Complex II:
Succinate dehrogenase, an inner mitochondrial membrane bound enzyme is an integral
component of the succinate-CoQ reductase complex. It converts succinate to fumarate during
krebs cycle. The two electrons released in the conversion of succinate to fumarate are transferred
first to FAD, then to an Fe-S centre, and finally to CoQ. Thus, CoQ draws electrons into the
respiratory chain, not only from NADH but also from succinate. No protons are translocated
across the membrane by this complex.
Complex III:
Complex I and complex II donates two electrons to the complex III and regenerates oxidized
CoQ. Concomitantly, it releases two protons picked up on the cytosolic face into the
intermembrane space generating proton gradient. Within complex III, the released electrons are
transferred to an Fe-S centre and then to 2b-type cytochromes or cytochrome c. finally, the two
electrons are transferred to 2 molecules of the oxidized form of cytochrome c. 2 additional
protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner mitochondrial membrane
for each pair of electrons transferred.
Complex IV:
Cytochrome c transports electrons, one at a time, to the complex IV. Within this complex,
electrons are transferred, first to a pair of copper ions, then to cytochrome a, next to a complex of
another copper ion and cyt a3 and finally to O2, the ultimate electron acceptor, yielding H2O.
ATP synthase:
The use of proton motive force for synthesis is catalyzed by ATP synthase. The multi protein
ATP synthase for F0-F1 complex or complex V catalyzes ATP synthesis as protons flow back
through the inner membrane down the electrochemical proton gradient.
2. Abundance of NADH and O2:
ETC occurs more to produce more ATP.
Cyanide added:
Cyanide binds with cytochrome oxidase complex and inhibits the terminal transfer of electrons
to oxygen. Cyanide react with the oxidized form of cytochrome.
Lack of O2:
ETC will not take place in the absence of oxygen..
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1- Define computer crime and list several examples of computer crime-.docx
1. Define computer crime and list several examples of computer crime.
2. Explain the purpose of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986.
3. Contrast hackers versus crackers.
4. Why are insider threats particularly dangerous for organizations?
5. Define malware and give several examples.
6. What are physical access restrictions, and how do they make an information system more secure?
7. Describe three human-based controls for safeguarding information systems.
8. Describe how the Sarbanes–Oxley Act impacts the IS security of an organization.
Solution
The various examples of computer crime are:
A cracker is one who breaks into or otherwise violates the system integrity of remote machines with malicious intent. Having gained unauthorized access, crackers destroy vital data, deny legitimate users service, or cause problems for their targets. Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious. There are two major types of crackers. The first group has expert crackers who discover new security holes and often write programs that exploit them. The second type, the script kiddie , only knows how to get these programs and run them. Script kiddies are more numerous, but much easier to stop and detect.
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While SOX addressed primarily the accounting side of organizations, it did greatly increase the demand for IS auditors. Regulations put in place by SOX require companies to have controls in place to prevent misuse of fraid, controls to detect potential problems, and effective measures to correct any problems found. Information systems are key in today\'s business environments to handle the mass flow of data transmitted on a daily basis. These systems, however, need to be regularly checked to ensure that they are performing their roles effectively.
SOX also placed upon businesses a requirement to preserve evidence to document compliance and for potential lawsuits. Since many of these documents have important information, safeguards need to be put in place to prevent private information from being leaked or accessed. Once again, the fact that seemingly everything is digital means that the safeguards are mostly or all technological in nature, again emphasizing IS security.
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1- Create a Visual Calculator by using winform application in Microsof.docx
1. Create a Visual Calculator by using winform application in Microsoft Visual Studio .The application built is designed and work simular to the Windows calculator.
2.The code needs to be done in C++ Programming
Solution
#include<conio.h> //For_getch()_function
#include<math.h>
int flag=0;
double ans, a, b;
using namespace std;
namespace Calculator {
using namespace System;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Data;
using namespace System::Drawing
int num[7] = { 0 };
// seed
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this->label4->Text = Convert::ToString(num[3]);
this->label5->Text = Convert::ToString(num[4]);
this->label6->Text = Convert::ToString(num[5]);
this->label7->Text = Convert::ToString(num[6]);
// change the button states.
this->button1->Enabled = false;
this->button2->Enabled = true;
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// Calculator.cpp : main project file.
#include \"stdafx.h\"
#include \"Form1.h\"
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[STAThreadAttribute]
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{
// Enabling Windows XP visual effects before any controls are created
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Describe the major components of the electron transport chain. How w.pdf
Describe the major components of the electron transport chain. How would the following
conditions affect ATP production by the electron transport chain? (7 marks)
Abundance of NADH and O2
Cyanide added
Lack of O2
Solution
There are five major components in electron system. They are:
Complex I:
It is a large, multisubunit complex with about 40 polypeptide chains passes electron from NADH
to CoQ. It contains one molecule of FMN and 6-7 Fe-S clusters that participate in electron
transport process. During transport of each pair of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q,
complex I pumps 4 protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Complex II:
Succinate dehrogenase, an inner mitochondrial membrane bound enzyme is an integral
component of the succinate-CoQ reductase complex. It converts succinate to fumarate during
krebs cycle. The two electrons released in the conversion of succinate to fumarate are transferred
first to FAD, then to an Fe-S centre, and finally to CoQ. Thus, CoQ draws electrons into the
respiratory chain, not only from NADH but also from succinate. No protons are translocated
across the membrane by this complex.
Complex III:
Complex I and complex II donates two electrons to the complex III and regenerates oxidized
CoQ. Concomitantly, it releases two protons picked up on the cytosolic face into the
intermembrane space generating proton gradient. Within complex III, the released electrons are
transferred to an Fe-S centre and then to 2b-type cytochromes or cytochrome c. finally, the two
electrons are transferred to 2 molecules of the oxidized form of cytochrome c. 2 additional
protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner mitochondrial membrane
for each pair of electrons transferred.
Complex IV:
Cytochrome c transports electrons, one at a time, to the complex IV. Within this complex,
electrons are transferred, first to a pair of copper ions, then to cytochrome a, next to a complex of
another copper ion and cyt a3 and finally to O2, the ultimate electron acceptor, yielding H2O.
ATP synthase:
The use of proton motive force for synthesis is catalyzed by ATP synthase. The multi protein
ATP synthase for F0-F1 complex or complex V catalyzes ATP synthesis as protons flow back
through the inner membrane down the electrochemical proton gradient.
2. Abundance of NADH and O2:
ETC occurs more to produce more ATP.
Cyanide added:
Cyanide binds with cytochrome oxidase complex and inhibits the terminal transfer of electrons
to oxygen. Cyanide react with the oxidized form of cytochrome.
Lack of O2:
ETC will not take place in the absence of oxygen..
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1- Define computer crime and list several examples of computer crime-.docx
1. Define computer crime and list several examples of computer crime.
2. Explain the purpose of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986.
3. Contrast hackers versus crackers.
4. Why are insider threats particularly dangerous for organizations?
5. Define malware and give several examples.
6. What are physical access restrictions, and how do they make an information system more secure?
7. Describe three human-based controls for safeguarding information systems.
8. Describe how the Sarbanes–Oxley Act impacts the IS security of an organization.
Solution
The various examples of computer crime are:
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SOX also placed upon businesses a requirement to preserve evidence to document compliance and for potential lawsuits. Since many of these documents have important information, safeguards need to be put in place to prevent private information from being leaked or accessed. Once again, the fact that seemingly everything is digital means that the safeguards are mostly or all technological in nature, again emphasizing IS security.
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1- Create a Visual Calculator by using winform application in Microsof.docx
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Solution
#include<conio.h> //For_getch()_function
#include<math.h>
int flag=0;
double ans, a, b;
using namespace std;
namespace Calculator {
using namespace System;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Data;
using namespace System::Drawing
int num[7] = { 0 };
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this->button2->Enabled = true;
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// Calculator.cpp : main project file.
#include \"stdafx.h\"
#include \"Form1.h\"
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[STAThreadAttribute]
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
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1- Consulting a periodic table- Which of the six cations studied are f.docx
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Solution
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Alkaline earth metals :- Be 2+ (Beryllium) ,Mg 2+ (Magnesium) , Ca 2+ (Calcium) , Sr 2+ (Strontium) , Ba 2+ (Barium) , Ra 2+ (Radium )
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Solution
1.SINGLE STAGE DISTILLATION :A single-stage continuous operation where a liquid mixture is partially vaporized: the vapour produced and the residual liquid are in equilibrium, which are then separated and removed. The feed is preheated before entering the separator. As such, part of the feed may be vaporized. The heated mixture then flows through a pressure-reducing valve to the separator. In the separator, separation between the vapour and liquid takes place.
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2.Flash distillation :It is also called single stage equilibrium explained above..
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1- A polar section of a molecule- which is---Select--- to water- is ca.docx
1. A polar section of a molecule, which is  ---Select--- to water, is called hydrophilic (literally, \"water loving\"), and a(n)___part of the molecule, which is not expected to be attracted to water, is called hydrophobic (\"water fearing\").
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(c) ionic solute and hexane
3. The solubilities in water of several substances are listed below. Classify each of these substances as soluble, insoluble, or moderately soluble, based on the criteria presented in the text.
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5. What does it mean to say a solution is saturated? Describe the changes that take place at the particle level in a saturated solution of sodium chloride that contains an excess of solid NaCl. Is the NaCl still dissolving?
Solution
1) attracted, non-polar
2) Nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvent and polar solute dissolves in polar solvent.
a)soluble (both being nonpolar)
b)soluble
c)insoluble (as ionic solutes are polar)
3) solubility: if a solute has a solubility of 0.1g/mL or less, it is considered insoluble.
if a solute has a solubility of 1.0g/mL or more, it is considered soluble.
Any value between these 2 are considered sparingly soluble.
Thus.
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b)CoF 2 is soluble in water.
4) due to their polar nature and presence of inter molecular H-bonding.
5)The excess NaCl added to saturated solution acts as seeds for NaCl crystal growth, as the solution tries to restore its equilibrium.
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1) Is technology the critical driver of globalization- 2) What is the.docx
1) Is technology the critical driver of globalization?
2) What is the nature of this arguement conceived by: liberlism, mercantilism, and marxism?
Solution
Technological developments are considered as the main facilitator and also driving force of most of the globalization processes.
Technology is defined as the socialized knowledge of producing goods and services. We could describe the term technology with five important elements: production, knowledge, instruments, possession and change. The definition of technology as a socialized knowledge can be conceived better with these elements. We shall look through them:
Technology has something to do with production (of the goods and services). We need technology to produce something either goods (ex: television set, cars etc.) or service (ex: security, teaching etc.) Technology enhances our capacity to produce.
Technology has a relationship with knowledge . Technology is an outcome of intellectual activities. Therefore technology is a type of an intellectual property. Nowadays technology is developed through research and development institutions as integral parts of several universities.
Technology has a connect with with instruments . Instruments are considered the extensions of the human body, whenever an instrument is used there is technology involved. The instruments show the usage of technology by human beings. Instruments are mostly physical like computers, vacuum cleaners, but sometimes there are immaterial instruments like databases in computer programming.
Technology has to do with possession . Those people that possess technology also control it. Controlling technology has something to do with economics and politics. Thus, we speak of technologically rich and poor countries as well as the struggle among them usually in the forms of patents, transfers and protection of intellectual rights.
Technology has to do with change . Due to technology, the world has changed drastically. Many of the innovations from the technological advances have important effects on lives of peoples of the world, that has witnessed radical changes more so after 1960
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1) What creates the US federal government-wide financial statements- 2.docx
1) What creates the US federal government-wide financial statements?
2) Who audits the statements?
3) What is the audit opinion that the statements receive?
4) What do most federal (and non-federal) entities receive?
5) Are there any issues in the government-wide statements?
6) If there are issues, list at least one effort to overcome an issue.
Solution
Ans-1) IN respect of each & every country there is Administatration department which takes care of the country\'s finance domain. Similarly, for the US government, there is a Bureau called Bureau of Fiscal Services which creates & maintains the financial statements of the US federal government, this statement or financial report contains the country\'s revenues & costs and assets & liabilities (both monetary & non monetary) & this Fiscal Services takes responsibilities of uniformity in the use of accounting standards & reporting requirements ensures the transparent exchange of financial information amongst the government agencies. This, preparation of schedules or summary of monetary & non monetary assets & liabilities, uniform accounting standards & reporting requirements creates the US federal government-wide financial statements.
Ans-2) Government Accountability Office, audits the statements.
Ans-3) The Government Accountability Office expresses their opinions based on their audit findings, wherein the may provide a opinions without any qualifications (i.e. unqualified audit report) or they may disclaim from any opinions (i.e. Disclaimer Audit Report) or audit opinions with qualification if they have found any material weaknesses or significant inefficiencies or any kind of financial irregularities.
Ans-4) The responsibility for preparation & fair presentation of financial statement is the responsibility of management of the federal government however, there are the instances where the federal government is not able to provide the sufficient reliable information or samples for audits to auditors or they have not developed an adequate system of accounting or  have insufficient appropriate evidence to support certain material information, thereby auditors disclaims from framing any audit opinions with the concrete base for their disclaimer of opinions.
Ans-5) Yes there are the issues in the Government wide financial statemens.
Ans-6) For example, if there is any material weakness or inability in determining the current or noncurrent assets like properties or inventories or any plant & machinery or a reasonable estimate of the liabilities have not be accounted or there is inadequacy in the amount of assumed liabilities then there has to be robustness in the federal\'s internal control system which will not have any limiting scope for expressing the audit opinions.
.
1) describe how temperature influenced what materials condensed from t.docx
1) describe how temperature influenced what materials condensed from the nebular cloud.
2) compare and contrast the composition of the inner and outer planets
3) explain the frost line and the influence it has on the formation of planets (in any solar system).
4) explain why our solar system has rocky inner planets and gaseous outer planets and identify the most metal-rich planet in the solar system
5) explain the occurrence of Hot Jupiters
Solution
Solution:
1) During the early stage of evolution , soon after the completion of the cloud collapse , nebula is hot . The mass accretion rate from the nebula onto the star is high . The equilibrium condensation temperature of the Silicates and metal comprises 90 % (by mass) of the condensable solids.The temperature decreases away from the mid plane and away from the Sun. The accretion of gas onto the sun leads to the dissipation of energy . The nebula is heated internally due to this .
Condensation metals include Iron , Nickel and Aluminum . Most metals condense into solids at temperatures of 1000 - 1600 K . Metals made up <0.2% of the Nebular mass.
2) The Inner planets are Mercury , Venus ,Earth and Mars. They are all solid and rocky and similar to Earth . Inner Planets are also called Terrestrial Planets . Inner planets are warmer as these are closer to Sun .
Outer planets are called Jovian Planets and are mainly Gaseous in nature . Outer planets are colder as they are farther away from the Sun. All Outer planets have rings .
3) Frost line is also called the Snow line or Ice line . It is the radial position of condensation or evaporation front which varies over time . With reference to the formation of the planets, it is the distance in the Solar Nebula from the central protostar where it is very cold to where the volatile compounds like water , Ammonia , CO2 ,CO condense into solid ice grains.
4) The temperature of the early solar system explains the Terrestrial nature of the inner planets . As the gases coalesced to form the proto Sun the temperature in the inner SOlar system rose . The temperatures rose to about 2000 K , so only substance which have very high melting points remained solid . That is why the inner solar system planets are all rocky .
5) Planetary migration is responsible for the formation of hot Jupiters. These are formed in the outer regions and then migrate to the inner regions of the Solar system . It forms beyond the frost line , from rock , ice and gases due to core accretion method of planetary formation .
.
1- People- places- things- ideas and forces are what part of speech- V.docx
1. People, places, things, ideas and forces are what part of speech? Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions
2. Actions or states of being are what part of speech? Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions
3. Which part of speech gives more information about nouns? Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions
4. Which part of speech gives more information about verbs? Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions
5. Which part of speech describes the relationship between the other elements in the sentence? Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions
6. Clauses are made up of phrases and there are two types of clauses: Variable and dependent Variable and independent Independent and dependent None of the above
7. If a sentence doesnt have a subject and predicate, it is called: Short sentence Incorrect sentence There is no name for it Fragment
8. What type of sentence merges many details of a common thought into one sentence? Complex sentence Extended sentence Merged sentence Common splice sentence
9. A compound sentence is a type of complex sentence where two independent clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction. True False
10. A run-on sentence is two or more sentences joined with proper punctuation or connecting conjunctions.
true or false
Solution
1. People, places, things, ideas and forces are what part of speech? Nouns
2. Actions or states of being are what part of speech? Verbs
3. Which part of speech gives more information about nouns? Adjectives Used to describe knowns. For example: tall guy. Tall is an adjective
4. Which part of speech gives more information about verbs? Adverbs Use do describe verbs. For example: walked slowly. Slowly is an adverb
5. Which part of speech describes the relationship between the other elements in the sentence? Prepositions
6. Clauses are made up of phrases and there are two types of clauses: Independent and dependent The two phrases are always dependent or independent.
7. If a sentence doesnt have a subject and predicate, it is called: There is no name for it Fragment
8. What type of sentence merges many details of a common thought into one sentence? Merged sentence As the question suggest (merged)
9. A compound sentence is a type of complex sentence where two independent clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction. True
10. A run-on sentence is two or more sentences joined with proper punctuation or connecting conjunctions.
false A run on sentence is just the opposite. No proper punctuation or connecting conjunctions
.
1- In the context of DNS (a) What are the Resource Records- RR- (b) Wh.docx
1. In the context of DNS
(a) What are the Resource Records, RR.
(b) What are the DNS Resolvers and where are they located?
(c) In the context of the RR, what is the time to live, TTL?
Solution
a) A DNS resource record refers to a zone files that is generally used by the DNS server. In each zone, a collection of structured resource records are held, and these records are typically supported by the DNS Server service
The DNS is designed to be extensible to support new services through
DNS servers communicate with each other using private network protocols. All DNS servers are organized in a hierarchy. At the top level of the hierarchy, so-called root servers store the complete database of Internet domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.
c) The formats used for detached Domain Name System (DNS) information
.
1- How are budgets used for a company or in government- What would you.docx
1. How are budgets used for a company or in government? What would your suggestions be to balance our economic budget?
2. After identifying suggestions for balancing the economic budget explain the importance of being able to identify various \"variances\" that may be identified? You may use any examples you want.
Solution
1. How are budgets used for a company or in government? What would your suggestions be to balance our economic budget?
Ans. A government budget is a government document presenting the government\'s proposed revenues and spending for a financial year that is often passed by the legislature, approved by the chief executive or president and presented by the Finance Minister to the nation. The budget is also known as the Annual Financial Statement of the country. This document estimates the anticipated government revenues and government expenditures for the ensuing (current) financial year. [1] For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed and collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal and county revenues, while sales tax and/or income tax are the basis for state revenues, and income tax and corporate tax are the basis for national revenues.
The two basic elements of any budget are the revenues and expenses. In the case of the government, revenues are derived primarily from taxes. Government expenses include spending on current goods and services, which economists call government consumption; government investment expenditures such as infrastructure investment or research expenditure; and transfer payments like unemployment or retirement benefits.
A status of financial health in which expenditures exceed revenue. The term \"budget deficit\" is most commonly used to refer to government spending rather than business or individual spending. When referring to accrued federal government deficits, the term \"national debt
.
1- How are temperature and heat different concepts- 2- How does the sp.docx
1. How are temperature and heat different concepts?
2. How does the specific heat of water compare to the specific heat of other common materials? Why is this important?
Solution
1.
There is a fundamental difference between temperature and heat. Heat is the amount of energy in a system. The SI units for heat are Joules. A Joule is a Newton times a meter. A Newton is a kilogram-meter per second squared. Heat is transferred through radiation, conduction and convection. The amount that molecules are vibrating, rotating or moving is a direct function of the heat content. Energy is transported by conduction as molecules vibrate, rotate and/or collide into each other. Heat is moved along similar to dominos knocking down their neighbors in a chain reaction. An increase of electromagnetic radiation into a system causes the molecules to vibrate, rotate and/or move faster. With convection, higher energy molecules are mixed with lower energy molecules. When higher energy molecules are mixed with lower energy molecules the molecular motion will come into equilibrium over time. The faster moving molecules will slow down and the slow moving molecules will speed up.
Temperature is the MEASURE of the AVERAGE molecular motions in a system and simply has units of (degrees F, degrees C, or K). Notice that one primary difference between heat and temperature is that heat has units of Joules and temperature has units of (degrees F, degrees C, or K). Another primary difference is that energy can be transported without the temperature of a substance changing (e.g. latent heat, ice water remains at the freezing point even as energy is brought into the ice water to melt more ice). But, as a general statement (ignoring latent heat), as heat energy increases, the temperature will increase. If molecules increase in vibration, rotation or forward motion and pass that energy to neighboring molecules, the measured temperature of the system will increase.
2.
Water has one of the highest specific heat capacities known. There are however a
few substances whose specific heat capacity is higher
A large body of water can absorb and store a huge amount of heat from the sun in the daytime and during summer while warming up only a few degrees. And at night and during winter, the gradually cooling water can warm the air. This is the reason coastal areas generally have milder climates than inland rtegions. The high specific heat of water also tends to stabilize ocean temperatures, creating a favorable environment for marine life. THus because of its high specific heat, the water that covers most of Earth keeps temperature fluctuations on land and in water within limits that permit life. Also, because organisms are primarily made of water, they are more able to resist changes in their own temperature than if they were made of a liquid with a lower specific heat.
.
1- According to the career opportunities on their websites- what are s.docx
1. According to the career opportunities on their websites, what are some of the things that all three firms (Volkswagen, Volvo, and Ford) offer to motivate new employees? Which of the three has the best motivational package?
Solution
Volkswagen
Working at Volkswagen offers employees a robust portfolio of personal and professional development opportunities in addition to a great benefits package. As well as the opportunity to craft a unique and diverse career path, working at Volkswagen offers employees a robust portfolio of personal and professional development opportunities in addition to a great benefits package. In their effort to become a true employer of choice, we also look to provide a working environment that considers the unique operating requirements of individuals as well as the evolving landscape of the modern workforce.
We are pleased to offer the Volkswagen Modern Apprenticeship Programme in conjunction with our training partner Vantage Automotive. This programme has been designed to equip apprentices with the relevant skills and knowledge to become fully qualified Volkswagen Service Technicians.
Volvo
Volvo offers Internships to their employees. It supports career development through activities ranging from training to individual coaching and mentoring. Volvo promoted self-managed learning and on the job training, based on challenging work assignments, opportunities for cross-functional projects, job rotation and international experience. This also includes the possibility of choosing between the specialist, the project manager and the leader career paths. Volvo provides opportunity to apply for both short-term and long-term assignments in a company or branch of operations abroad.
Long-term opportunities with the Group include Leadership, Project Management and Specialist careers. Each path has a structure that consists of several levels, all linked to specific competences and development tools, activities and programs. They offer a structured way of developing and preparing employees for current and future roles.
Ford
Ford Motor Company is an equal opportunity employer committed to a culturally diverse workforce. All qualified applicants receive consideration for employment without regard to race, religion, color, age, sex, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability status or protected veteran status. Ford Motor Company is committed to take affirmative action to employ and advance in employment of such persons.
opportunity to apply for both short-term and long-term assignments in a company or branch of operations abroad.
Volkwagen has the best package as they develop their employees to be qualified technicians.
.
Which is the stronger acid in the following pair- Explain your reasoni.docx
Which is the stronger acid in the following pair? Explain your reasoning. Be sure to answer all parts.
p? Methoxyphenol
o? Methoxyphenol
The stronger acidity is due to (select all that apply):
electron-donating inductive effects
intra-molecular hydrogen bonding
electron-withdrawing inductive effects
conjugation with the substituent
Solution
1. Ortho-methoxy phenol is more acidic than para Methoxy phenol.
Since OMe is -I group and it stabilizes the phenoxide ion.
As we know that strength of Inductive effect decreases with the increase of distance. Hence in para isomer, withdrawing effect of OMe is less compared to ortho isomer.
2. Options B, C and D are correct
Intramolecular hydrogen bond: increase the acidity. Ex: ortho Nitro phenol is more acidic than para Nitro phenol, Hydrogen bonding stabilize the anion after proton loosing.
-I groups (NO2, CHO, CN etc) increases the acidity
Conjugation of group also increases the acidity by resonance
Ex: phenol is more acidic than methanol since phenoxide is stabilized by resonance which is not possible to methoxide.
.
Which is NOT true for solute retention- A) Retention time- tr- is the.docx
Which is NOT true for solute retention?
A) Retention time, t r, is the elapsed time between injecting the sample to the arrival of a sample component at the detector minus the dwell time between the end of the column and the detector.
B) Adjusted retention time is t r’ = t r – t m, where t r is the retention time and t m is the time for mobile phase or unretained solutes to pass through the column.
C) The relative retention, ? = r 2 , is the ratio for the adjusted retention time for two t \' r1 components of the sample, where t r2’ > t r1’ so that ? > 1.
D) The retention factor, k = t r ? t m , is the time, tr, required to elute a component
t m
K 1coefficients for components 2 and 1.minus the time, tm, for mobile phase to pass through the column divided by t m .
E) The relative retention, ?, also equals K 2 , where K 2 and K 1 are the partition coefficients for components 2 and 1.
Solution
(A) is the answer.
Reason: The absolute time taken by a compound to travel from the injector through the column to the detector is the retention time.
Dwell time will not come into the definition.
Rest all options are correct
.
Which form type displays records in a tabular format similar to a Data.docx
Which form type displays records in a tabular format similar to a Datasheet view but has more editing options, such as adding graphics? Datasheet Form Multiple Items Form Split Form Subform Which database property type increases the efficiency of a search on the designated field in the physical database? Validation rule Validation text Indexed Expression Which of the following describes a poor design consideration for a form? Arrange controls closely together or in a sequence that is easy to read by the user. Each form should have a different theme. Make labels descriptive and clear. Right-align labels followed by a colon and left-align bound controls. After running a query, which view will be shown? Datasheet Design Query Result A deletion anomaly is deleting facts about one entity successfully. deleting a table. deleting facts about one entity and deleting facts about another entity. deleting only one fact from a column.
Solution
1)
DataSheet Form
It is a data entry form where we can display query result into tables.
2)Indexed
Normally all data stored in database is indexed so that searching by integer index value
is faster than searching whole data fields. Normally this search known as indexed search.
3)Right-align labels followed by a colon and left-align bound controls.
4) After running a query, the result shown in daraSheet view.
5)deleting facts about one entity successfully
.
which equation best represents the net ionic reaction that occurs when.docx
which equation best represents the net ionic reaction that occurs when an aqueous solution of barium iodide is mixed with an aqueous solution of lithium sulfate?
No net reaction occurs
Ba^2+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-> BaSO4(s)
BaI2(aq)+Li2SO4(aq)-> BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq)
2H^+(aq)+2I^-(aq)->2HI(g)
Ba^2+(aq)+2I^-(aq)+2Li^+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-->BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq)
which equation best represents the net ionic reaction that occurs when an aqueous solution of barium iodide is mixed with an aqueous solution of lithium sulfate?
No net reaction occurs
Ba^2+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-> BaSO4(s)
BaI2(aq)+Li2SO4(aq)-> BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq)
2H^+(aq)+2I^-(aq)->2HI(g)
Ba^2+(aq)+2I^-(aq)+2Li^+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-->BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq)
No net reaction occurs
Ba^2+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-> BaSO4(s)
BaI2(aq)+Li2SO4(aq)-> BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq)
2H^+(aq)+2I^-(aq)->2HI(g)
Ba^2+(aq)+2I^-(aq)+2Li^+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-->BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq)
Solution
Ans
Reaction between aqueous solution of barium iodide and lithium sulfate
BaI 2 (aq) + Li 2 SO 4 (aq) -> BaSO 4 (s) + 2LiI(aq)
From above reaction it is clear that formation of barium sulfate is solid i.e. in pure form so not participate in net ionic reaction
So net ionic reaction is
2LiI(aq) -> 2 Li + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq)
So last equation best to represent the net ionic reaction
Ba 2+ (aq) + 2I - (aq) + 2Li + (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) --> BaSO 4 (s) + 2LiI(aq)
.
where heat is transfer high in conduction or convection where heat i.docx
where heat is transfer high in conduction or convection
where heat is transfer high in conduction or convection
Solution
CONDUCTION--
Conduction is the transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other. The better the conductor, the more rapidly heat will be transferred. Metal is a good conduction of heat. Conduction occurs when a substance is heated, particles will gain more energy, and vibrate more. These molecules then bump into nearby particles and transfer some of their energy to them. This then continues and passes the energy from the hot end down to the colder end of the substance.
CONVECTION--
Thermal energy is transferred from hot places to cold places by convection. Convection occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. Cooler liquid or gas then takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This results in a continous circulation pattern. Water boiling in a pan is a good example of these convection currents. Another good example of convection is in the atmosphere. The earth\'s surface is warmed by the sun, the warm air rises and cool air moves in.
Hence more heat is transferred by CONDUCTION because of the direct contact.
.
Where do most college students exist on Maslow-'s hierarchy of needs-.docx
Where do most college students exist on Maslow\'s hierarchy of needs? Be descriptive in your explanation of why...
Please be orginial no articles or cut and paste what are your real thoughts! Thanks !!
Solution
I think that most college students exist between the Love and Belong and Esteem parts of the hierarchy on the pyramid.
Many College students have achieved a sense of love and belonging through relationships wthi their friends and family.  Students have made social connections by being members of sports teams, clubs, fraternities, sororities and other types of activities that help to achieve this pyramid level. At the same time, the need for belonging may become overcome other needs depending on the level of peer pressure.
Also, college students have a need to feel respected and values by others. This spills into the Esteem layer of Maslow\'s hierarchy pyramid. Students will participate in a hobby, team or other organization to gain recognition of others. By doing this, students achieve a sense of value and acceptance from others. In some cases, there will be a need to achieve popularity or fame but this will not assist in achieving actual happiness as the sense of value and acceptance must really come from within the student
.
When the sender and the recipient can transmit data to each other over.docx
When the sender and the recipient can transmit data to each other over an unsecured or monitored link by encrypting messages without worrying that their communications are being monitored, it is called:
authentication
confidentiality
integrity
nonrepudiation
Solution
option B confidentiality is correct option.
Confidentiality : By encryptin messages, the sender and the recipient can transmit data to each other over an unsecured or monitored link without worrying that their communucations are monitored.
Inyegrity : The communication parties can also be sure that their data has not been modified while in transit. This is achieved by the hashing function.
Authentication : Because the message uses the private key that only the owners know and have access to, the recipient of the message knows for a fact that it was sent by the person after the message was decrypted by sender\'s public key.
Nonrepudiation : The sender cannot claim that the message did not originate from his or her computer or that the contents of the message were changed in transit. You cannot denied this message is not from your computer.
.
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Which complex in the electron transport chain does not contribute to t.docx
- 1. Which complex in the electron transport chain does not contribute to the proton gradient? Why not? Solution Ans - An electron transport chain ( ETC ) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. The four complexes involved in electron transport chain are Complex II does not contribute to proton gradient in electron transport chain. This complex oxidizes succinate, which is produced in TCA cycle, and transfers electrons to ubiquinone. This complex is not associated with any proton gradient.