basics of thermodynamics

1. GUIDED BY:MR. PAWAN PATIDAR
PRESENTED BY:-SOURABH BHAWSAR

2. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned
with heat and temperature and their relation to energy
and work. It defines macroscopic variables, such as
internal energy, entropy, and pressure, that partly
describe a body of matter or radiation. It states that the
behaviour of those variables is subject to general
constraints, that are common to all materials, not the
peculiar properties of particular materials. These
general constraints are expressed in the four laws of
thermodynamics. Thermodynamics describes the bulk
behaviour of the body,

3. # Microscopic
# macroscopic

4. Microscopic approach:-The
analysis of system at the atomic
level.This is the domain of statical
thermodynamics
Macroscopic approach:- The
analysis of system at the
continuum level. This is the domain
of classical and nonequilibrium
thermodynamics.

5. Essential of
thermodynamics
# System
# Surrounding
# Boundary

6. System:-It is special region on which
the study is focus & concentration.
Surrounding:-Anything external to
the system is called surrounding.
Boundary:-The separation b/w
surrounding & boundary is called
surrounding.

7. There are three types of
system
# Open system
# Close system
# Isolated system

8. Open system:-A system in which
mass & energy both are transfer.
Close system:-A system in which
energy is transfer but mass is not
transfer.
Isolated system:-A system in which
mass & energy both are not
transfer.

9. Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Local equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with the
time courses and rates of progress of irreversible
processes in systems that are smoothly spatially
inhomogeneous. It admits time as a fundamental
quantity, but only in a restricted way. Rather than
considering time-invariant flows as long-term-average
rates of cyclic processes, local equilibrium
thermodynamics considers time-varying flows in systems
that are described by states of local thermodynamic
equilibrium

10. Types of Equilibrium
# Mechanical Equilibrium
# Chemical Equilibrium
# Thermal Equilibrium
# Electrostatic Equilibrium
# Phase Equilibrium

11. # Intensive:-Any thermodynamic
property of a system that is
independent of the system mass.
Ex:- pressure,temperature,density,
& velocity.
# Extensive:- Any thermodynamic
property of a system that is
dependent of the system mass. Ex:-
mass itself,volume & total energy

12. Laws of thermodynamics
# First law of thermodynamics
# Second law of thermodynamics
# Zeroth law of thermodynamics

13. First law of thermodynamics
It states that Energy can not be
created or destroyed , it can
change one form to another form.

14. #kelvin plank statement:-
According to kelvin plank
statement a heat engine cannot
be 100 per cent efficient in
practice no heat engine can
convert all heat supplied to useful
work .

15. Clausius Statement:- It is the
well-known tendency of heat
energy to flow from hot body to
cold body and it cannot flow itself
from low temperature body to
high temperature body without
addition of work.

16. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
Consider three thermodynamic
system A,B, &C.If system A is in
thermal equilibrium with system C
and system B is in thermal
equilibrium with system C, then
system A is in thermal equilibrium
with system B.

17. Thank YOU.