This document discusses special education and inclusive education. It begins by outlining the typical path of education from home schooling through primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. It then discusses how education aims for personal and social development. The document notes that special education aims to educate students at the tails of the normal distribution curve, including those with exceptional abilities or difficulties learning. It emphasizes that teaching strategies must differ for these students. Finally, it defines inclusive education as making education accessible to all types of learners, which is seen as key to nation-building.

1. PRESENTER:
Vanessa Shalom G. Odarve
GROUP 6 REPRESENTATIVE

3. Educated at
home by their
parents
Go through
pre – school
Go to
Elementary,
Secondary, and
Tertiary
Prepares for more
formal,
systematic, and
rigorous type of
learning
The informal
teaching – learning
process
Understand the
world through
various subjects and
different types of
knowledge

4. Graduates Pursue higher
academic degrees
Become
part of the
workforce
Master and
Doctorate

5. “The real goal of
education is
becoming – becoming
a ‘good person’ and
becoming a more
capable person than
when you started.”

6. “Education is
not the filling
of a pail, but
the lighting of
a fire.”

7. FUNDAMENTAL ROLE
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
INDIVIDUAL SOCIAL BEING

8. The world faces
problems such as
poverty,
oppression, and
war.
These problems
are expected to be
addressed.
Delors 1996

9. Learning in
order to
know
Learning so we can
live harmoniously
with others
Learning in order to
be
Learning in
order to do

10. For the goals of
education to be realized,
education itself has to be
available and accessible
to all.

11. People possess different aptitude
and skill level depending on
expectations that society ultimately
dictates and holds as true.
(Clough & Corbett 2000)

12. • Average Population – the students
that are performing closely to each
other.
• But some fall at the tail ends of the
curve:
* exceptional high capabilities
* extremely low skill levels

13. *medical
*developmental
*neurological
disability
*they just happen
to be among
highly exceptional
people.

14. Teaching strategies that normally
work with the average population
WILL NOT work the same with those
at the extremes.

16. “an attempt to increase the
fairness of universal public
education for exceptional
learners” because there are those
with special difficulties or
extraordinary abilities in learning”
(Kauffman & Hallahan 2005)

17. • Lies in its goal:
*To educate a certain population of
students, particularly those at the tail
ends of a normal statistical distribution
of performance.
(Thomas & Loxley 2001)

18. Special education tries to
ensure that those perceived
to have difficulties learning
will be taught, albeit in a
different way.

20. Is a common type of distribution for a variable,
also known as the normal distribution or the normal
curve. The term originates from the fact that the
graph used to depict a normal distribution consists
of a symmetrical bell – shaped curve.
The top of the bell represents the most probable
event in a series of data (mean, mode , and median)
while the width of the curve is described by its
standard deviation.

21. Severely
Impaired
Below
Average
Average Range
Above
Average

22. The key to nation – building is
quality education accessible to all
types of learners.
This accessibility is the essence of
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION.