This document discusses parallelism in writing. It defines parallelism as using similar grammatical structures for similar parts of a sentence. Using parallel structure allows writing to flow smoothly and avoids misunderstandings. Some examples of parallel structure include using nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, and adjectives with adjectives. Parallel structure should be used when joining items with coordinating conjunctions like "and" or "or", in comparisons, and with paired words like "both/and". The document provides exercises to identify correct and incorrect examples of parallel structure.

1. PARALLELISM
Bhagwan das (BD)
b.das125@live.com
03331-3220010

2. CONTENTS• What is parallelism?
• Use similar structures to express similar ideas.
• Use parallelism in the following cases.
• Use parallel structure on both sides of
coordinating conjunctions.
• Exercises

3. • Parallelism:
1.means that similar parts of a sentence have the same
structure: nouns are with nouns, verbs with verbs, and
phrases with phrases
In other word:-
2. Parallelism in writing means that similar parts in a
sentence (2 or more) must have the same structure.
• Their parts are comparable and balanced.
• Allows writing to flow smoothly and helps avoid
misunderstandings.
• Note:
When similar parts do not follow the same structure,
you have created Faulty Parallelism.

4. FOR EXAMPLES:-
1.Not parallelism : I like singing, kayaking, and
to dance.
2. parallelism: I like singing, kayaking, and
dancing
• Incorrect:-
Angry ants, munched the marshmallows,
crumbling coffeecake, and sipping syrup,
headed off across the countertop.
• Correct:-
Angry ants, munching marshmallows, crumbling
coffeecake, and sipping syrup, headed off

5. USE SIMILAR STRUCTURES TO EXPRESS
SIMILAR IDEAS.
• Put nouns with nouns
• Faulty (F): I enjoy basketball more than playing video
games.
• Correct (C) : I enjoy basketball more than video games. √
• Put verbs with verbs (and use same tense)
• F: On our anniversary, we ate, danced, and were singing.
• C: On our anniversary, we ate, danced, and sang.
• Put adjectives with adjectives
• F: My history class was both interesting and a challenge.
• C: My history class was both interesting and challenging.

6. MAKE SURE TO USE PARALLELISM IN THE
FOLLOWING CASES.
• When joining two or more items with and or or:
1.The party featured a four-foot cake and a singing gorilla.
2.I am doing well in my English class, in my math class, and in
my history class.
• In comparisons:
Taking the train is as fast as driving.
Driving to Austin is as fast as flying
• With certain paired words (like both/and, either/or, and
neither/nor):
Marlize both bakes bread and fixes cars.
My history course is both interesting and challenging

7. USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE ON BOTH
SIDES OF COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
FANBOYS
For example,
1. She possessed all the wizard’s charm yet none of the
wizard’s insight.
2. Consult a doctor if your coughing persists or if your
coughing worsens over the weekend.
3. In English class, Diego learned to read poems critically
and appreciate good prose..
4. A swimmer was attacked by a shark, but he scared it
away by poking it in the eye.

8. PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS: (BOTH…AND; NOT ONLY. . .
BUT ALSO; EITHER. . .OR; NEITHER . . . NOR)
For example,,
• Both my mother and my sister are here.
• Not only my mother but also my sister is here.
• Neither my sister nor my parents are here.
• We can have either broccoli or cauliflower for dinner.
• Note:
1.When we use (both. . . and) the verb is always plural.
2. When we use (not only…but also; neither. . . nor;
either. . . or) the verb is always in the form of the word
directly before it

9. CHOOSE THE CORRECT
ANSWER TO FILL IN THE
BLANK.
1. Ella’s job responsibilities include ____,
training, and informing workers of
company policies.
A) to hire
B) hired
C) hire
D) none of the above

10. CHOOSE THE CORRECT
ANSWER TO FILL IN THE
BLANK.
1.Ella’s job responsibilities include ____, training,
and informing workers of company policies.
ANSWER:
A) to hire
B) hired
C) hire
D) none of the above; hiring is the correct
answer.

11. MORE EXERCISES:-
2. Henry likes pizza more than _______.
A) spinach
B) to eat spinach
C) to be eating spinach
D) none of the above

12. MORE EXERCISES:-
2.Henry likes pizza more than _______.
ANSWER:
A) spinach
B) to eat spinach
C) to be eating spinach
D) none of the above

13. MORE EXERCISES:-
3.He drove to the store to buy milk, eggs,
and _______.
A) to get bread
B) bread
C) getting bread
D) none of the above

14. MORE EXERCISES:-
3.He drove to the store to buy milk, eggs,
and _______.
ANSWER:
A) to get bread
B) bread
C) getting bread
D) none of the above

15. MORE EXERCISES:-
4.Tom jogs, swims, and _________.
A) he is kick boxing
B) kick boxes
C) he kick boxes
D) none of the above

16. MORE EXERCISES:-
4.Tom jogs, swims, and _________.
ANSWER:
A) he is kick boxing
B) kick boxes
C) he kick boxes
D) none of the above

17. MORE EXERCISES:-
5.The film had many stars, used various
special effects, and ________.
A) violence
B) featured graphic violence
C) it was violent
D) none of the above

18. MORE EXERCISES:-
5.The film had many stars, used various
special effects, and ________.
ANSWER:
A) violence
B) featured graphic violence
C) it was violent
D) none of the above

19. MORE EXERCISES:-
6.I think that learning a new language is
harder than ____.
A) math
B) to learn math
C) learning math
D) none of the above

20. MORE EXERCISES:-
6.I think that learning a new language is
harder than ____.
ANSWER:
A) math
B) to learn math
C) learning math
D) none of the above

21. MORE EXERCISES:-
7.For some very shy people, giving a speech
can be as frightening as _________.
A) having a serious illness
B) illness
C) to have an illness
D) none of the above

22. MORE EXERCISES:-
7.For some very shy people, giving a speech
can be as frightening as _________.
ANSWER:
A) having a serious illness
B) illness
C) to have an illness
D) none of the above

23. MORE EXERCISES:-
8.I’d rather be lucky or hardworking than
________.
A) to have talent
B) having talent
C) talented
D) none of the above

24. MORE EXERCISES:-
8.I’d rather be lucky or hardworking than
________.
ANSWER:
A) to have talent
B) having talent
C) Talented √
D) none of the above

25. MORE EXERCISES:-
9. That football team has both a good
offense and ______.
A) it has a good defense
B) a good defense
C) having a good defense
D) none of the above

26. MORE EXERCISES:-
9. That football team has both a good
offense and ______.
ANSWER:
A) it has a good defense
B) a good defense √
C) having a good defense
D) none of the above

27. LAST EXERCISES:-
10. Bob is not only loyal to friends but also
________.
A) he is friendly to strangers
B) to be friendly to strangers
C) friendly to strangers
D) none of the above

28. ANSWER LAST
EXERCISES:-
Bob is not only loyal to friends but also
________.
ANSWER:
A) he is friendly to strangers
B) to be friendly to strangers
C) friendly to strangers √
D) none of the above

29. SOURCES
• 1.
http://esla199.pbworks.com/w/page/23276972/Parallel
%20Structure,%20Paired%20Conjunctions,%20Coordinati
ng%20Conjunctions.
• 2. arkcs.arkansas.gov/pp.../parallel_structure.ppt.
• 3. Parallelism ppt, Brenham Writing Room,
Created by D. Herring.