The correlation coefficient of two input sequences is given by r = n sigma x_i y_i - sigma x_i sigma y_i/Squareroot [n sigma x_i^2 - (sigma x_i)^2][n sigma y_i^2 - (sigma y_i)^2] Adapt Example 4.11 to compute the correlation coefficient from a sequence of pairs of input values from an input file. Solution #include using namespace std; //Class for standard deviation class stdDev { private: int max; double value[100]; double mean; public: double CalMean() { double sum = 0; for(int i = 0; i < max; i++) sum += value[i]; return (sum / max); } double CalVariane() { mean = CalMean(); double temp = 0; for(int i = 0; i < max; i++) { temp += (value[i] - mean) * (value[i] - mean) ; } return temp / max; } double CalSampleVar() { mean = CalMean(); //get mean double temp = 0; for(int i = 0; i < max; i++) { temp += (value[i] - mean) * (value[i] - mean) ; //apply formula } return temp / (max - 1); //returns sample variance } int SetValues(double *p, int count) { if(count > 100) return -1; max = count; for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) value[i] = p[i]; return 0; } double CalStdDev()//returns Standard deviation { return sqrt(CalVariane()); } double SampleStdDev()//returns sample deviation { return sqrt(CalSampleVar()); } }; class Calculate { private: double XTerms[100]; double YTerms[100]; int max; stdDev x; // Standard deviation for x stdDev y;// Standard deviation for y public: //set x and y series values to class members void SetValues(double *xval, double *yval, int count) { for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) { XTerms[i] = xval[i]; YTerms[i] = yval[i]; } x.SetValues(xval, count); y.SetValues(yval, count); max = count; } double Calculate_Covariance() { double xmean = x.CalMean();//Get X meam double ymean = y.CalMean();//get y mean double total = 0; for(int i = 0; i < max; i++) { total += (XTerms[i] - xmean) * (YTerms[i] - ymean); } return total / max;//return Covariance } double Calculate_Correlation()//Find correlation { double cov = Calculate_Covariance(); double correlation = cov / (x.CalStdDev() * y.CalStdDev()); return correlation; } }; int main() { Calculate calc; //create object of class double xarr[] = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }; // x series double yarr[] = { 6, 13, 15, 16, 20 };// y series calc.SetValues(xarr,yarr,sizeof(xarr) / sizeof(xarr[0]));//set series values cout<<\"X series ={ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }\ Y series={ 6, 13, 15, 16, 20 }\ \"; cout<<\"Correlation \"<< calc.Calculate_Correlation(); } ===================================================================== ======== Output: akshay@akshay-Inspiron-3537:~/Chegg$ g++ coeffici.cpp akshay@akshay-Inspiron-3537:~/Chegg$ ./a.out X series ={ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 } Y series={ 6, 13, 15, 16, 20 } Correlation 0.952157.

1. What is not true about the membranes of prokaryotic organism? a. The general structure is a
membrane serves as the main permeability barriers. b. The phospholipids of Achaea have ether
linkages c. Bacteria and Eukarya have ester linkages in phospholipids in their membranes. d.
The membrane is the structure where energy is generated The most important role of the
prokaryotic cell wall is to a. maintain the shape of the cell. b. protect the cell from osmotic
pressures. c. prevent ions from diffusing away from the cell. d. block the effects of antibiotics
like penicillin. The cell wall of Gram-positive micro-organisms is different from the cell wall of
Gram-negative micro-organisms because Gram-positive cell walls. a. can be decolorized with
ethanol during the Gram stain technique. b. have a thin peptidoglycan layer. c. are more
permeable to various molecules than the Gram-negative cell wall. d. are characterized by an
outer membrane containing LPS. e. have a thick peptidoglycan layer AND are characterized by
the presence of teichoic acid What statement is true about the action of antibiotics? a. Penicillin
interferes with cell wall synthesis of all bacteria. b. Streptomycin and erythromycin inhibit
proteins synthesis by same mechanism. c. Bacteria can defeat antibiotics by mutations that
produce changed enzymes. d. Antibiotics act on the 80S ribosomes. An example of a bacterial
endotoxin is a. the toxic portion of the LPS layer of bacteria. b. a toxin produced within
archaeal cells. c. any substance known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals. d.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria. What is not true of the cell walls of
archaea? a. Archaea have the S layer cell wall structure. b. Archaeal cell walls, like bacteria, are
sensitive to lysozyme and penicillin. c. The cell wall of archaea consists of interlocking protein
or glycoprotein. d. Archaea cell walls have paracrystalline structure. Members of the Archaea
typically thrive in conditions of excessive a. heat. b. acidity. c. alkalinity. d. salinity. e. All of
the choices are correct.
Solution
14.c. Bacteria can defeat antibiotic action by mutations that produces different enzymes that
inactive antibiotic action.
15.a. Endotoxin are not secreted but released when the cells are disrupted. LPS
lipopolysaccharide layer contains a lipid and a polysaccharide. They are found in the outer
membrane of Gram negative bacteria and elicit strong immune response.
16.b.Archea cell wall contains pseudo peptidoglycan. Lysozyme can break -1,4-glycosidic bonds
to degrade peptidoglycan but pseudopeptidoglycan has -1,3-glycosidic bonds, rendering
lysozyme useless.
17.all of the choices are correct. members of the archea are the extremophiles thriving in the
extreme stressed conditions