What is literature
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Literature is defined as any body of written works, but is more restrictively considered an art form using language differently than ordinary usage. Literature can be classified as fiction or non-fiction, and as poetry or prose, and is further distinguished by its form such as novels, short stories, or drama, and is often categorized by historical period or genre.
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What is literature?
Literature is defined as verbal art that is created to arouse emotion and pleasure through beauty. It involves the proper choice and arrangement of linguistic components such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Literature encompasses all preserved written works belonging to a given language or people, including notable writings distinguished by their literary form or expression. Examples of literature written in English include works by William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, Dylan Thomas, Robert L. Stevenson, V.S Naipaul, and Vladimir Nabokov.
Comparative Literature Studies
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National Literature in a Multilingual Nation. Sujit chandak pre ph d presenta...
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The document discusses the use of technology to teach literature. It begins by noting the increased use of technology in language teaching but argues that technology is not used as effectively when teaching literature. Several experiments using tools like BBC productions, online poems, Skype lectures, and YouTube videos are described, but the document argues that technology cannot fully capture the complexity, symbolism, and free interpretation of literary texts. It concludes that reading literature cultivates imagination, while technology limits horizons and interpretation, and the real enjoyment of literature comes from reading rather than adaptations.
What is literature 2
Literature is defined as any body of written works, but is more restrictively considered an art form using language differently than ordinary usage. Literature can be classified as fiction or non-fiction, and as poetry or prose, and is further distinguished by its form such as novels, short stories, or drama, and is often categorized by historical period or genre.
10
Comparative literature is an academic field that deals with literature from different linguistic, cultural, or national groups by comparing different art forms and genres across borders. It originated from the French school's influence and focus on works without borders, while the German school emphasized the spirit of the time and the American school applied a comparative approach to literature.
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This presentation by Dr. Bhautik Limbani is on history and various schools of comparative literature studies.
CL origins, etymology, quotations...
Comparative Literature emerged as a term in the mid-19th century, originally used to describe comparative analyses of different national literatures. It was first used by Matthew Arnold in 1848 to refer to the comparative survey of poetry between different nations. The term became more popularized in France and was used to establish the field as one focused on the "binary relations" between two or more literatures, distinguished from the more general study of literature. Some key debates around Comparative Literature include its purpose and whether it should include the study of folklore and other non-literary works. Seminal works that helped establish it as a discipline include Wellek and Warren's "Theory of Literature" and works by Harry Levin,
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What is literature?
Literature is defined as verbal art that is created to arouse emotion and pleasure through beauty. It involves the proper choice and arrangement of linguistic components such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Literature encompasses all preserved written works belonging to a given language or people, including notable writings distinguished by their literary form or expression. Examples of literature written in English include works by William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, Dylan Thomas, Robert L. Stevenson, V.S Naipaul, and Vladimir Nabokov.
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This presentation gives introductory information regarding whar is comparative studies, what and how to compare along with case study on Comparative studies.
National Literature in a Multilingual Nation. Sujit chandak pre ph d presenta...
It was a presentation of a research topic as part of the Pre-Phd course work assessment @ University of Mumbai. The topic was to be entirely different from one's proposed research work. Made this PPT which was handy while speaking...
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The document discusses the use of technology to teach literature. It begins by noting the increased use of technology in language teaching but argues that technology is not used as effectively when teaching literature. Several experiments using tools like BBC productions, online poems, Skype lectures, and YouTube videos are described, but the document argues that technology cannot fully capture the complexity, symbolism, and free interpretation of literary texts. It concludes that reading literature cultivates imagination, while technology limits horizons and interpretation, and the real enjoyment of literature comes from reading rather than adaptations.
What is literature 2
Literature is defined as any body of written works, but is more restrictively considered an art form using language differently than ordinary usage. Literature can be classified as fiction or non-fiction, and as poetry or prose, and is further distinguished by its form such as novels, short stories, or drama, and is often categorized by historical period or genre.
10
Comparative literature is an academic field that deals with literature from different linguistic, cultural, or national groups by comparing different art forms and genres across borders. It originated from the French school's influence and focus on works without borders, while the German school emphasized the spirit of the time and the American school applied a comparative approach to literature.
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This presentation by Dr. Bhautik Limbani is on history and various schools of comparative literature studies.
CL origins, etymology, quotations...
Comparative Literature emerged as a term in the mid-19th century, originally used to describe comparative analyses of different national literatures. It was first used by Matthew Arnold in 1848 to refer to the comparative survey of poetry between different nations. The term became more popularized in France and was used to establish the field as one focused on the "binary relations" between two or more literatures, distinguished from the more general study of literature. Some key debates around Comparative Literature include its purpose and whether it should include the study of folklore and other non-literary works. Seminal works that helped establish it as a discipline include Wellek and Warren's "Theory of Literature" and works by Harry Levin,
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Comparative Literature is the study and comparison of literature across linguistic and national boundaries. Some key points:
- It was first coined in 1848 to refer to studying different national literatures. It aims to provide broader perspectives than isolating single national literatures.
- It involves examining literary texts in multiple languages through investigating contrasts, analogies, influences between literary groups.
- Comparing works helps appreciate individual authors and genres more fully by placing them in wider contexts. Understanding multilingual writers requires comparing works in different languages.
- It plays a role in constructing literary theory by recognizing excellence and originality across canons. Comparisons illustrate connections and provide more balanced views than isolated analyses.
Scope of Literature
The scope of literature is vast and multi-disciplinary, encompassing religion, philosophy, and history. Literature explores religious texts and the origins of different beliefs. It also examines philosophical works that discuss the relationship between truth and fiction. Additionally, literature considers historical accounts and the development of civilizations over time.
Introduction : What is comparative literature today -
Susan Bassnett's text discusses the evolving field of comparative literature. It notes that comparative literature involves studying connections between texts across cultures, languages and time periods. However, the definition and goals of comparative literature have shifted with the emergence of new theories like postcolonialism and developments in translation studies. Some argue comparative literature is not a single discipline but a broad field of interconnected study. Overall, the text examines how comparative literature has adapted to changes in literary criticism and globalization.
Introduction what is comparative literature today -
Susan Bassnett provides a critical introduction to comparative literature. She argues that there is no single agreed upon definition or method of studying comparative literature. Different scholars have defined it in various ways. Generally, comparative literature involves studying literature across different cultures and languages expressed throughout literary history. Bassnett asserts that comparative literature cannot be confined within set boundaries and is a dynamic field influenced by cultural shifts over time.
What is literature
The document defines literature as a body of imaginative work that portrays human thought, emotion, and experiences. It discusses the importance of literature in reflecting human experiences and culture. Different literary standards and approaches are identified for analyzing and appreciating literature, including formalistic, moral, historical, sociological, cultural, psychological, and impressionistic approaches.
Deconstruction : A literary theory
Derrida introduced the theory of deconstruction in 1967, influenced by Heidegger's concept of "de-structuring" philosophical concepts to better understand them. Deconstruction holds that language is arbitrary and meanings are relational and constructed through context. It aims to uncover hidden assumptions and hierarchies in texts by analyzing contradictions and inconsistencies. Deconstruction was a reaction against structuralism and challenged philosophical traditions by expressing what had been marginalized or repressed. It looks for complexity rather than clear meaning or truth.
Comparative literature- summary
Comparative literature involves the international study of literature across languages, genres, time periods and national borders. It examines the relationships between literature and other cultural phenomena like history, philosophy and the arts. Comparative literature scholars make comparisons between texts and explore how understanding requires interpreting texts and relating new texts to ones previously encountered through processes like translation and hermeneutics. The study of literature in this way aims to appreciate works beyond national boundaries and integrate literary experience with broader cultural changes and concepts.
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This document discusses using technology like Google Image Search to help teach English literature, especially poetry. It provides an example of a poem that students struggled to understand references in due to cultural and historical differences. Looking up images of hawthorn flowers and the painting "Blue Pitcher with Flowers" allowed students to visualize the descriptions and better comprehend the poetic language. The document concludes that visual aids can enrich literary analysis by supporting students' understanding of figurative language and cultural references.
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The document discusses various definitions and perspectives on what constitutes literature. It examines definitions focused on written works with artistic value, bodies of writing from a culture/time period, and writings on a particular subject. The document also explores whether genres like advertisements, comics, or pulp fiction can be considered literature. Several authors weigh in on defining literature based on qualities like originality, craftsmanship, psychological truth, and understanding of moral values. Debates addressed include whether literature must be imaginative or fictional versus realistic, and the relationship between literature and understanding human nature.
Introduction to Literature
This document provides an introduction to literature. It defines literature as a body of work containing imaginative language that portrays human experiences, emotions, and thoughts. Literature is considered a product of culture that reflects a society's values. Studying literature allows one to learn about people and cultures across time and space. The document also discusses various literary standards such as universality, artistry, and permanence. It outlines different approaches to analyzing literature, including formalistic, moral, historical, sociological, cultural, and psychological approaches. Finally, it distinguishes between two general types of literature - poetry and prose - and some common genres including short stories, novels, drama, and essays.
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This document provides an overview of different lenses that can be used to interpret literature, including New Criticism, structuralism/deconstruction, psychoanalysis, feminism, queer theory, Marxism, new historicism, cultural studies, postcolonial studies, and race studies. For each approach, it gives a brief definition and lists some key terminology and originators associated with that lens. The document serves as a reference for students to understand different interpretive frameworks they can apply when analyzing literary texts.
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The document defines literature and discusses its key elements. Literature is defined as a faithful reproduction of human experiences expressed through language that conveys feelings about society, government, surroundings and the divine. It has three main ingredients: a subject, form/structure, and point of view. There are three approaches to analyzing literature: formalistic, moral/humanistic, and historical. The document also outlines various literary standards like universality, artistry, and intellectual value. It discusses common literary elements such as setting, characters, plot, conflict, mood, theme, tone, symbols and imagery.
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Comparative literature involves the study of texts across cultures in an interdisciplinary way, examining connections between literatures across time and space. In the early 20th century, some argued comparative literature was not a true subject. However, it became a recognized academic discipline with scholars developing special skills in contextualizing works across languages and cultures. The field was influenced by theorists exploring ideas like Orientalism and the role of translation in cultural exchange and literary evolution.
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The document discusses several functions of literature including:
1. The primary functions of literature are to teach and delight readers by providing information about life and giving pleasure and entertainment.
2. Secondary functions include propaganda, release, and escape. Propaganda literature aims to spread ideas, release literature allows writers to express themselves, and escape literature lets readers avoid reality.
3. Literature also conveys morals, entertains, defines culture, uses language, and has educational purposes like transmitting culture and facilitating career selection.
14
Comparative literature involves the study of texts across cultures in an interdisciplinary way by examining connections across time and space. It demands high linguistic proficiency and a broadening of perspectives beyond local sentiments. Comparative literature developed from comparing one literature to others and comparing literature to other human expressions. The term originated in 1816 but systematic comparative studies began in the late 19th century led by scholars in France, Germany, and the United States who examined world literature across schools.
Definitions of Literature
The document provides definitions and perspectives on literature from various thinkers and authors throughout history. Aristotle viewed literature as an imitation of events that can express emotions, while Plato saw it as an imitation twice removed from reality. Wordsworth considered literature a creative expression of ideas that provides an emotional experience. More recently, Shklovsky defined literature as making the familiar seem strange to jolt us out of routine perceptions.
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This document is a student paper comparing literature and inventions from the Victorian era to modern times. It provides details about the student including their name, batch, roll number, paper number, topic, and contact information. The body compares characteristics of literature between the eras, noting traditional rules versus breaking rules now, and realism versus use of mythology/symbolism now. Inventions from the telegraph to the telephone to the bicycle to trains are examined, noting their original inventor and modern equivalent. Each invention compares advantages and disadvantages between the past and present forms. The conclusion states that while modern inventions help undoubtably, their utility could also potentially harm us, so we must be mindful of both benefits and risks.
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Comparative Literature is the study and comparison of literature across linguistic and national boundaries. Some key points:
- It was first coined in 1848 to refer to studying different national literatures. It aims to provide broader perspectives than isolating single national literatures.
- It involves examining literary texts in multiple languages through investigating contrasts, analogies, influences between literary groups.
- Comparing works helps appreciate individual authors and genres more fully by placing them in wider contexts. Understanding multilingual writers requires comparing works in different languages.
- It plays a role in constructing literary theory by recognizing excellence and originality across canons. Comparisons illustrate connections and provide more balanced views than isolated analyses.
Scope of Literature
The scope of literature is vast and multi-disciplinary, encompassing religion, philosophy, and history. Literature explores religious texts and the origins of different beliefs. It also examines philosophical works that discuss the relationship between truth and fiction. Additionally, literature considers historical accounts and the development of civilizations over time.
Introduction : What is comparative literature today -
Susan Bassnett's text discusses the evolving field of comparative literature. It notes that comparative literature involves studying connections between texts across cultures, languages and time periods. However, the definition and goals of comparative literature have shifted with the emergence of new theories like postcolonialism and developments in translation studies. Some argue comparative literature is not a single discipline but a broad field of interconnected study. Overall, the text examines how comparative literature has adapted to changes in literary criticism and globalization.
Introduction what is comparative literature today -
Susan Bassnett provides a critical introduction to comparative literature. She argues that there is no single agreed upon definition or method of studying comparative literature. Different scholars have defined it in various ways. Generally, comparative literature involves studying literature across different cultures and languages expressed throughout literary history. Bassnett asserts that comparative literature cannot be confined within set boundaries and is a dynamic field influenced by cultural shifts over time.
What is literature
The document defines literature as a body of imaginative work that portrays human thought, emotion, and experiences. It discusses the importance of literature in reflecting human experiences and culture. Different literary standards and approaches are identified for analyzing and appreciating literature, including formalistic, moral, historical, sociological, cultural, psychological, and impressionistic approaches.
Deconstruction : A literary theory
Derrida introduced the theory of deconstruction in 1967, influenced by Heidegger's concept of "de-structuring" philosophical concepts to better understand them. Deconstruction holds that language is arbitrary and meanings are relational and constructed through context. It aims to uncover hidden assumptions and hierarchies in texts by analyzing contradictions and inconsistencies. Deconstruction was a reaction against structuralism and challenged philosophical traditions by expressing what had been marginalized or repressed. It looks for complexity rather than clear meaning or truth.
Comparative literature- summary
Comparative literature involves the international study of literature across languages, genres, time periods and national borders. It examines the relationships between literature and other cultural phenomena like history, philosophy and the arts. Comparative literature scholars make comparisons between texts and explore how understanding requires interpreting texts and relating new texts to ones previously encountered through processes like translation and hermeneutics. The study of literature in this way aims to appreciate works beyond national boundaries and integrate literary experience with broader cultural changes and concepts.
AL 805 Copresentation
This document summarizes readings on ancient Near Eastern and Greek rhetorics. It provides overviews of rhetorical traditions in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israel, and ancient Greece. Key figures discussed include Enheduanna, Isocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian. The readings explore how rhetoric was used and taught in different cultural contexts and time periods, and how understandings of rhetoric have evolved. Contextual notes and limitations of the analyses are also mentioned.
Teaching Ideas: Teaching English Literature with the help of technology
This document discusses using technology like Google Image Search to help teach English literature, especially poetry. It provides an example of a poem that students struggled to understand references in due to cultural and historical differences. Looking up images of hawthorn flowers and the painting "Blue Pitcher with Flowers" allowed students to visualize the descriptions and better comprehend the poetic language. The document concludes that visual aids can enrich literary analysis by supporting students' understanding of figurative language and cultural references.
What is Literature?
The document discusses various definitions and perspectives on what constitutes literature. It examines definitions focused on written works with artistic value, bodies of writing from a culture/time period, and writings on a particular subject. The document also explores whether genres like advertisements, comics, or pulp fiction can be considered literature. Several authors weigh in on defining literature based on qualities like originality, craftsmanship, psychological truth, and understanding of moral values. Debates addressed include whether literature must be imaginative or fictional versus realistic, and the relationship between literature and understanding human nature.
Introduction to Literature
This document provides an introduction to literature. It defines literature as a body of work containing imaginative language that portrays human experiences, emotions, and thoughts. Literature is considered a product of culture that reflects a society's values. Studying literature allows one to learn about people and cultures across time and space. The document also discusses various literary standards such as universality, artistry, and permanence. It outlines different approaches to analyzing literature, including formalistic, moral, historical, sociological, cultural, and psychological approaches. Finally, it distinguishes between two general types of literature - poetry and prose - and some common genres including short stories, novels, drama, and essays.
Computational stylistics ppt
This document discusses computational stylistics and its applications. Computational stylistics uses computers to analyze linguistic patterns in texts, authors, genres and time periods. It can detect styles that may not be obvious without computational analysis. Examples of corpora used include Shakespeare's works, websites and blogs. Computational stylistics is relevant to language learning and research by determining literary language and revealing differences in language use. An empirical study analyzed soliloquies versus dialogue in Shakespeare's plays to show what computational stylistic analysis can reveal about linguistic nature and differences between genres and time periods.
The Concept of Literature
This document provides an overview of different lenses that can be used to interpret literature, including New Criticism, structuralism/deconstruction, psychoanalysis, feminism, queer theory, Marxism, new historicism, cultural studies, postcolonial studies, and race studies. For each approach, it gives a brief definition and lists some key terminology and originators associated with that lens. The document serves as a reference for students to understand different interpretive frameworks they can apply when analyzing literary texts.
Literature ppt.pptx (wcc lecture 1st - 2nd week)
The document defines literature and discusses its key elements. Literature is defined as a faithful reproduction of human experiences expressed through language that conveys feelings about society, government, surroundings and the divine. It has three main ingredients: a subject, form/structure, and point of view. There are three approaches to analyzing literature: formalistic, moral/humanistic, and historical. The document also outlines various literary standards like universality, artistry, and intellectual value. It discusses common literary elements such as setting, characters, plot, conflict, mood, theme, tone, symbols and imagery.
23
Comparative literature involves the study of texts across cultures in an interdisciplinary way, examining connections between literatures across time and space. In the early 20th century, some argued comparative literature was not a true subject. However, it became a recognized academic discipline with scholars developing special skills in contextualizing works across languages and cultures. The field was influenced by theorists exploring ideas like Orientalism and the role of translation in cultural exchange and literary evolution.
Seminar : Literature And its Function
The document discusses several functions of literature including:
1. The primary functions of literature are to teach and delight readers by providing information about life and giving pleasure and entertainment.
2. Secondary functions include propaganda, release, and escape. Propaganda literature aims to spread ideas, release literature allows writers to express themselves, and escape literature lets readers avoid reality.
3. Literature also conveys morals, entertains, defines culture, uses language, and has educational purposes like transmitting culture and facilitating career selection.
14
Comparative literature involves the study of texts across cultures in an interdisciplinary way by examining connections across time and space. It demands high linguistic proficiency and a broadening of perspectives beyond local sentiments. Comparative literature developed from comparing one literature to others and comparing literature to other human expressions. The term originated in 1816 but systematic comparative studies began in the late 19th century led by scholars in France, Germany, and the United States who examined world literature across schools.
Definitions of Literature
The document provides definitions and perspectives on literature from various thinkers and authors throughout history. Aristotle viewed literature as an imitation of events that can express emotions, while Plato saw it as an imitation twice removed from reality. Wordsworth considered literature a creative expression of ideas that provides an emotional experience. More recently, Shklovsky defined literature as making the familiar seem strange to jolt us out of routine perceptions.
Mikhail mikhailovich bakhtin, lecture outline
Mikhail Bakhtin was a Russian philosopher and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and philosophy of language. He believed that language is learned through social interaction and that all language use has a point of view and context, making it inherently ideological. Bakhtin also argued that every utterance is a product of interaction between speakers and is influenced by the social situation. He developed concepts of how languages have centripetal forces that aim to standardize language but also centrifugal forces from diverse social uses that challenge standardization and make language heteroglossic.
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_ู
ุงูู_ุฏุฑุฎ
3- ุฏูุฉ ุงููุชุงุจุฉ ูุงูุตูุฑ ุนุงููุฉ ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู
4- ูููุงูู ุจุนุถ ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุชู
ุชูุถูุญูุง ุจุดูู ุชูุตููู ุฌุฏุงู (ุชูุนุชุจุฑ ูุฏู ุงูุทุงูุจ ุฃู ุงูุทุงูุจุฉ ุจุฅููุง ู
ุนููู
ุงุช ู
ูุจูู
ุฉ ูู
ุน ุฐูู ุชู
ุชูุถูุญ ูุฐูู ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูู
ูุจูู
ุฉ ุจุดูู ุชูุตููู ุฌุฏุงู
5- ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ุชุดุฑุญ ููุณูุง ุจ ููุณูุง ุจุณ ุชููู ุชุนุงู ุงูุฑุงูู
6- ุชุญุชูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ูู ุงูู ุณูุงูุฏ ุนูู ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุชุชุถู
ู ุฌู
ูุน ุชูุฑูุนุงุช ู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูููููู ุงูู
ุฐููุฑุฉ ูู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ
ูุงุฎูุฑุงู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ุญูุงูู ุนูููู
ูุฅุชู
ูู ู
ููู
ุฅู ุชุฏุนููู ุจุงูุฎูุฑ ูุงูุตุญุฉ ูุงูุนุงููุฉ ููุท
ูู ุงูุชูููู ุฒู
ูุงุฆู ูุฒู
ููุงุชู ุ ุฒู
ูููู
ู
ุญู
ุฏ ุงูุฐูุจู ๐๐
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