The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is an international standards organization that develops protocols for mobile telecommunications. 3GPP works through technical specification groups to develop specifications that are then standardized by organizational partners. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) TISPAN group developed early Next Generation Network specifications, including adopting 3GPP's IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) standard, but IMS standardization was later transferred back to 3GPP. IMS was initially designed by 3GPP to enable mobile operators to deliver next-generation interactive services over an all-IP architecture in a flexible and cost-effective manner.