This PPT is on Research Methodology.

2. What is Bibliography? Difference
between Bibliography and Citation
Prepared by
Anjali Rathod

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4 6
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Table of Contents
Bibliography
and Citation
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AND CITATION :
ANY
DIFFERENCES?
Conclusion
Importance of
Bibliography and
Citation
Converting the Working
Bibliography to the Works-Cited
List
Types of Bibliography

4. Bibliography and Citation
Bibliography :
Bibliography is a list of authors and their contributions used in the study. It enables the readers to find out
the original items.(Rahaman)
Keeping track of the sources that might be useful for the research is very important and such a record is
called a ‘working bibliography’. The sources can also be divided into groups – those already consulted
those yet to be consulted, and such. Care should also be taken that the entire publication detail is recorded
and saved. Focus should be on the ‘authority’, ‘accuracy’ and ‘currency’ of the sources. Articles taken
from a peer reviewed journal ensures good quality as these journals go in for expert comments on the
papers before publishing them.(Gayathri)
Citation :
A citation is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized
to support your research. It can also be used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism.
Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title,
or DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and
how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting. (Rahaman)

5. Bibliography infographics
Types of Bibliography
Historical
Bibliography
Bibliography
Reference
Bibliography
Annotated
Bibliography
Enumerative
Bibliography
Physical
Bibliography
Descriptive
Bibliography
Analytical
Bibliography

6. Converting the Working Bibliography to the Works-Cited List
Eventually, you will transform your working bibliography into a works cited list. If your working bibliography
is in a computer file, edit the entries to remove unnecessary information (e.g., origin of reference, call
number), arrange them alphabetically by author, and title the list "Works Cited".
The arrangement of entries
If two or more entries citing co authors begin with the same name,
alphabetize by the last names of the second authors listed.
Scholes, Robert, and Robert Kellogg
Scholes, Robert, Carl H. Klaus, and Michael Silverman
Scholes, Robert, and Eric S. Rabkin

7. Continue…
List of the Format
When you have finished the final draft of your paper, transfer the edited bibliography file to the end of the file
containing the paper.(MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers)

8. Importance of Bibliography and Citation
Bibliography is one kind of Super Source List
Citation is like mentioning the source right there in your report, next to the fact you
borrowed. Citations help avoid plagiarism.(Gemini)
● Why are these important?
- Credibility
- Fairness
- Double-Checking

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND CITATION : ANY DIFFERENCES?
Ordinarily, both references and bibliography are used when preparing a project or research report.
They are both ordered or arranged alphabetically by authors’ names and then chronologically by
years of publications. In the course of writing, one is expected to consult various sources of
information such as books and journals. In doing so, one would normally put down the details of the
books or journals used. At the end of the report, one would compile a list of all the sources. Now a
list of all sources of publications of sources that are actually used and cited in the body of the report
would constitute the references. On the other hand, if you include other relevant materials in the
compilation, whereas you did not cite some of them in the report, you would refer to this list as the
bibliography. In short, a bibliographical list is made up of both the materials you refered to in the
report and those you did not refer to, but which you consider equally useful. As observed earlier
there is no conceptual distinction between the two terms. Significant difference only arises in their
practical applications and structural arrangement, which depend on referencing style used by the
researchers.(Busari)

10. Citation is like a quick in-text shoutout you give to a specific source you used in your writing.
Think of it like giving credit to someone for their work. It's important to be honest about where
you got your ideas!
Bibliography includes all the sources you actually used in your research, whether one can
directly cited them or not. Basically, it's a full list of all the books, articles, websites, etc. that
helped to write research paper. This gives readers a chance to see how much research you did
and where they can go to learn more about your topic.(Gemini)
Difference between Bibliography and Citation

11. Conclusion
In conclusion, maintaining a working bibliography,
providing in-text citations, and compiling a comprehensive
reference list or bibliography is crucial for scholarly writing.
It demonstrates research diligence, integrity in giving credit,
and enables readers to retrace your work. Consistent use of
bibliographic citations is an essential practice across
academic disciplines.

12. References
Busari, Ismail Taiwo. "Bibliography, Referencing and Bibliographic Citation: What Makes a Difference in
Academic/Scholarly Writing?." (2019).
Gayathri, N., and K. Meenakshi. "An overview of research methodology: MLA handbook." International Journal
of Research Studies in Language Learning 2.1 (2013): 71-79.
Gemini - chat to supercharge your ideas, https://gemini.google.com/app.
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Modern Language Association of America, 2009.
Rahaman, Md. Saidur. “Bibliography and Referencing.” ResearchGate, July 2019,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334416586_Bibliography_and_Referencing . Accessed 2 April
2024.

13. Thank You