The document discusses using multivariate regression analysis to analyze the factors that determine the sales of pharmaceutical companies. It examines four independent variables - marketing expense, research and development spending, investments, and plant and machinery - and their relationship to the dependent variable of sales revenue. Both multiplicative and additive regression models are used. The multiplicative models find the adjusted R-squared values range from 0.867 to 0.903, indicating the models explain 86.7-90.3% of the variation in sales revenue. The additive models produce adjusted R-squared values of 0.790 to 0.836, meaning 79.0-83.6% of the variation is explained.
A market can be defined as a group of firms willing and able to sell a similar product or service to the same potential buyers.
Imperfect competition covers all situations where there is neither pure competition nor pure monopoly.
Perfect competition and pure monopoly are very unlikely to be found in the real world.
In the real world, it is the imperfect competition lying between perfect competition and pure monopoly.
The fundamental distinguishing characteristic of imperfect competition is that average revenue curve slopes downwards throughout its length, but it slopes downwards at different rates in different categories of imperfect competition.
Monopoly refers to the market situation where there is a
Single seller selling a product which has no close substitutes.
Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the existence of a high monopoly price well above the firm's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit
The word “oligopoly” comes from the Greek “oligos” meaning "little or small” and “polein” meaning “to sell.” When “oligos” is used in the plural, it means “few” ,few firms or few sellers.
DEFINATION:
Oligopoly is that form of market where there are few firms and there is natural interdependence among the firms regarding price and output policy.
A firm’s pricing market power depends on its competitive environment.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms have no market power. They are “price takers.” They make decisions based on the market price, which they are powerless to influence.
In markets that are not perfectly competitive (which describes most markets), most firms have some degree of market power.
Strategy in the absence of market power
Firms cannot influence price and, because products are not unique, they cannot influence demand by advertising or product differentiation.
Managers in this environment maximize profit by minimizing cost, through the efficient use of resources, and by determining the quantity to produce.
https://azpapers.com/imperfect-competition-market-analysis/
A market can be defined as a group of firms willing and able to sell a similar product or service to the same potential buyers.
Imperfect competition covers all situations where there is neither pure competition nor pure monopoly.
Perfect competition and pure monopoly are very unlikely to be found in the real world.
In the real world, it is the imperfect competition lying between perfect competition and pure monopoly.
The fundamental distinguishing characteristic of imperfect competition is that average revenue curve slopes downwards throughout its length, but it slopes downwards at different rates in different categories of imperfect competition.
Monopoly refers to the market situation where there is a
Single seller selling a product which has no close substitutes.
Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the existence of a high monopoly price well above the firm's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit
The word “oligopoly” comes from the Greek “oligos” meaning "little or small” and “polein” meaning “to sell.” When “oligos” is used in the plural, it means “few” ,few firms or few sellers.
DEFINATION:
Oligopoly is that form of market where there are few firms and there is natural interdependence among the firms regarding price and output policy.
A firm’s pricing market power depends on its competitive environment.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms have no market power. They are “price takers.” They make decisions based on the market price, which they are powerless to influence.
In markets that are not perfectly competitive (which describes most markets), most firms have some degree of market power.
Strategy in the absence of market power
Firms cannot influence price and, because products are not unique, they cannot influence demand by advertising or product differentiation.
Managers in this environment maximize profit by minimizing cost, through the efficient use of resources, and by determining the quantity to produce.
https://azpapers.com/imperfect-competition-market-analysis/
Rapid Usability Testing - Introducing Café Test to Product DevelopmentMaximilian Wambach
Rapid Usability Testing is essential if you work in a fast moving environment. At mobile.de we introduced café test to specific phases in our product development life cycle to get early customer feedback as quickly as possible.
Presentation hold at 9th ebay tech talk.
Sustainable development and its effects on the tourism industry Ilyas Bouhad
This thesis will explore the way sustainable tourism can help destinations develop while
respecting the local population and the overall principles of sustainable development.
Multivariate Linear Regression Model for Simulaneous Estimation of Debutanise...NSEAkure
Multivariate Linear Regression Model for Simulaneous Estimation of Debutaniser Products Compostion presentation by Obekpa R.G and Alabi S B @ #Nse conference @ #thedome in AKure
Deep in the recesses of the brain lies the most ancient of all our faculties: The Lizard brain; It’s a mysterious place of snap judgements and life-saving instincts. Design can reach it, but first let’s understand it, and maybe get to know ourselves and our audience along the way.
The Evolution of Sales Performance Management [presentation]Synygy
Sales operations are getting more complex as businesses are responding to an ever growing rate of change. With Increased complexity of needs, including speed to market, on-boarding, territory management, lead nurturing, and analytics, leaders are finding solutions that are progressively integrated, accessible, and deliver significant ROI.
Are you looking for a new strategy to grow your sales in 2013? These slides offer a quick guide on how a Big Data strategy can fuel sales growth in addition to offering top tips on sales productivity from experts including Jill Konrath, Kendra Lee, Dan Waldschmidt, Mark Hunter, Greg Alexander and more.
Rapid Usability Testing - Introducing Café Test to Product DevelopmentMaximilian Wambach
Rapid Usability Testing is essential if you work in a fast moving environment. At mobile.de we introduced café test to specific phases in our product development life cycle to get early customer feedback as quickly as possible.
Presentation hold at 9th ebay tech talk.
Sustainable development and its effects on the tourism industry Ilyas Bouhad
This thesis will explore the way sustainable tourism can help destinations develop while
respecting the local population and the overall principles of sustainable development.
Multivariate Linear Regression Model for Simulaneous Estimation of Debutanise...NSEAkure
Multivariate Linear Regression Model for Simulaneous Estimation of Debutaniser Products Compostion presentation by Obekpa R.G and Alabi S B @ #Nse conference @ #thedome in AKure
Deep in the recesses of the brain lies the most ancient of all our faculties: The Lizard brain; It’s a mysterious place of snap judgements and life-saving instincts. Design can reach it, but first let’s understand it, and maybe get to know ourselves and our audience along the way.
The Evolution of Sales Performance Management [presentation]Synygy
Sales operations are getting more complex as businesses are responding to an ever growing rate of change. With Increased complexity of needs, including speed to market, on-boarding, territory management, lead nurturing, and analytics, leaders are finding solutions that are progressively integrated, accessible, and deliver significant ROI.
Are you looking for a new strategy to grow your sales in 2013? These slides offer a quick guide on how a Big Data strategy can fuel sales growth in addition to offering top tips on sales productivity from experts including Jill Konrath, Kendra Lee, Dan Waldschmidt, Mark Hunter, Greg Alexander and more.
This presentation is about.
1- SWOT Analysis
2- Porter's Five forces
3- PEST Analysis
4- Value Chain Analysis
Note: This analysis has been done by Mr. Mohriz Shahid Syed (bsee13003@itu.edu.pk)
Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.
When it comes to acquiring new leads, lack of motivation is the biggest challenge for 66% of sales reps. In sales, motivation is one of the main factors that drive performance. How do you motivate sales teams and get them to perform better, close more deals, and successfully hit their quotas every single time? Let’s get to the basics.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTES
What determines Sales of a Product?
1. MULTIVARIATE
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Social Research Methods
What determines SALES of a Product?
Group 6
Roll No. Name
UM15010 Apoorv Shrivastava
UM15013 Asish Parekh
UM15017 Debasis Dash
UM15023 Jaydeep Sahoo
UM15036 Priya Ranjan Mohanty
UM15054 Shree Kumar Sahu
UM15055 Swagat Kumar Das
UM15062 Vivek Tripathy
2. MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION
General Purpose
• The general purpose of multiple regression is
to learn more about the relationship between
several independent or predictor variables and
a dependent or criterion variable.
Example:
A real estate agent might record for each listing
the size of the house (in square feet), the
number of bedrooms, the average income in the
respective neighborhood according to census
data, and a subjective rating of appeal of the
house.
3. Objective:
• We are here to analyze how the sales of a Product/Company is
determined by internal factors of the company.
• Dependent Variable: Here dependent variable is Sales revenue. We
have taken the sales revenue for 25 companies.
• Independent Variable: Chosen independent variables are:
1. Marketing Expense
2. Research and Development(RnD)
3. Investments
4. Plant and Machinary
4. Industry: Pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical companies are a different set of industries. The sales in this
industry may depend upon huge number of factors. Here we have analyzed some
of the possible factor which may be the major influencer of sales.
By increasing
marketing expense, a
company can
persuade customers
to buy their product
and hence can boost
their sales.
R&D is the crucial
factor in sales of a
pharmaceutical
companies as by
investing in R&D more
impactful solutions can
by drawn.
Investment if the factor
which determines the
Scale of operation of a
project. Hence the Sales
will be very much
proportional to
Investments.
A company which
invests more in P&M,
is expected to have
more sophisticated
technology. Which will
lead In better product
and hence more sales.
Marketing R&D Investment Plant n Machinery
5. A priori reasoning: The Sales of a company basically depends upon
1. Quality of products
2. Pricing
3. Necessity of that product(Demand)
4. Awareness and Persuasion generated
5. Brand Value
6. Ability to produce more(Capacity)
7. Innovation in products
Quantifying A priori: In order to statically analyse the determinants of
sales, we selected following parameters…
1. Marketing Expense(pricing, awareness and persuation)
2. R & D(Innovation, Quality)
3. Investment( Innovation, Pricing, Brand Value)
4. Plant and Machinery(Ability to produce more)
6. Null hypothesis (H0): There is no relation between
sales of a pharmaceutical company with any one of
marketing expense, R&D expense, investment expense
and plant & machine expense
Alternative hypothesis (H1): Sales of a
pharmaceutical company is related with marketing expense,
R&D expense, investment expense and plant & machine
expense
10. Dependent variable: –
Sales Revenue(Y)
Multiplicative MODEL Summary
Independent variable: –
Marketing Expense (X2)
Research and Development (X3)
Investment (X4)
Plant and Machinery (X5)
