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CHAPTER 11
Enlightenment and Revolution in
England and America

Section 1:   Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy
           in England
Section 3:   English Colonial Expansion
Section 4:   The Enlightenment
Section 5:   The American Revolution
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England

    11.2 Bell Ringer Question:
    What laws did Parliament
    create to protect against
    arbitrary rule?
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England


  After Oliver Cromwell's death
  in 1658 and the subsequent
  collapse of the Commonwealth
  in 1660, Charles II was restored
  to the English throne.
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England


                  Charles II
                  The Merry Monarch
                  England was overjoyed at
                  having a monarch again.
                  However, royal powers and
                  privileges were severely
                  limited by Parliament.
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England




             Charles’ reign was
             beset by many problems.
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England
                 1665 Bubonic Plague




                    Killed an estimated 100,000 people,
                    20% of London's population
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England
Great
Fire of
London
1667


80%
of the
city was
destroyed.
SECTION 2
 Constitutional Monarchy
  in England

Problem of Succession . . .
Charles did not have any children.
His heir would be his brother –
James.           But James was a
                   CATHOLIC ….
                     RUTROW!
SECTION 2
 Constitutional Monarchy
  in England
Political parties would form in Parliament from the
ashes of the Cavaliers and Roundheads -- arguing the
question of succession.

        Whigs                   Tories
     Wanted a                 Supported the
     strong                   hereditary right to
     Parliament –             rule –
     NO catholic              they would accept a
     king                     Catholic king
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England

Charles died and his brother is
     crowned James II.
   Almost immediately, he starts
  aggravating Parliament with his
 ideas of absolute rule of the king.
How long do you think Parliament put up with THAT?
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England




    William III           Mary II
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England

Changes in the ways people thought about gov’t



                Let’s compare the ideas
                 of Hobbes and Locke.
                 Draw up a two column
                        chart for
                    these gentlemen.
Thomas Hobbes                             John Locke
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England

             Thomas Hobbes

  • Unwritten social contract gave the leader
    absolute power
  • People only kept the right to protect their
    own lives
  • Wrote Leviathan 1651
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England

                John Locke

  • People only gave up some rights
  • Life, liberty and the right to own property
  • A ruler (gov’t) who violated these rights
    had broken the social contract and could
    justly be overthrown.
  • Wrote Two Treatises of Government 1689
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England


    The ideas of Hobbes and Locke
 inspired changes in how government
              worked ….

   Parliament began to put safeguards
     into law so that their rights as
       citizens could be protected.
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England
                      Using your book, complete this chart.

  Safeguard                 Purpose

  Habeas Corpus Act         protected individuals from unfair arrest and
                            imprisonment


  English Bill of Rights    declared Parliament would choose who ruled the country;
                            subjected ruler to parliamentary laws; prohibited ruler from
                            imposing taxes or maintaining an army in peaceful times
                            without Parliament’s consent; guaranteed free speech for
                            members of Parliament; gave citizens the right to petition the
                            government; declared citizens should not be required to pay
                            excessive bail or be subjected to cruel and unusual
                            punishment

  Act of Toleration         granted Protestant dissenters some religious freedoms
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England
      With those safeguards, we now see the growth of
             Parliamentary Rule in England.
               No more divine right of king!
 • Parliament held most of the power.
 • The Cabinet: officers of state chosen from
   leaders in Parliament
 • Act of Union 1707 created Great Britain
 • The Hanoverian Kings
 • Sir Robert Walpole – first Prime Minister
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England
The government of England will now be a
    Limited Constitutional Monarchy.
                           Monarchy
 • The monarch remained Britain’s head
   of state.
 • Royal powers were clearly limited.
 • The Prime Minister was pretty much
   the real head of government because
   the king’s power had been reduced.
SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
 in England


    Now it is time for your quiz.

   Grab your notes and a pencil.

      Do not use your textbook!

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Ch 11.2

  • 1. CHAPTER 11 Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America Section 1: Civil War and Revolution Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England Section 3: English Colonial Expansion Section 4: The Enlightenment Section 5: The American Revolution
  • 2. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England 11.2 Bell Ringer Question: What laws did Parliament create to protect against arbitrary rule?
  • 3. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England After Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658 and the subsequent collapse of the Commonwealth in 1660, Charles II was restored to the English throne.
  • 4. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Charles II The Merry Monarch England was overjoyed at having a monarch again. However, royal powers and privileges were severely limited by Parliament.
  • 5. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Charles’ reign was beset by many problems.
  • 6. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England 1665 Bubonic Plague Killed an estimated 100,000 people, 20% of London's population
  • 7. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Great Fire of London 1667 80% of the city was destroyed.
  • 8. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Problem of Succession . . . Charles did not have any children. His heir would be his brother – James. But James was a CATHOLIC …. RUTROW!
  • 9. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Political parties would form in Parliament from the ashes of the Cavaliers and Roundheads -- arguing the question of succession. Whigs Tories Wanted a Supported the strong hereditary right to Parliament – rule – NO catholic they would accept a king Catholic king
  • 10. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Charles died and his brother is crowned James II. Almost immediately, he starts aggravating Parliament with his ideas of absolute rule of the king. How long do you think Parliament put up with THAT?
  • 11. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England William III Mary II
  • 12. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Changes in the ways people thought about gov’t Let’s compare the ideas of Hobbes and Locke. Draw up a two column chart for these gentlemen. Thomas Hobbes John Locke
  • 13. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Thomas Hobbes • Unwritten social contract gave the leader absolute power • People only kept the right to protect their own lives • Wrote Leviathan 1651
  • 14. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England John Locke • People only gave up some rights • Life, liberty and the right to own property • A ruler (gov’t) who violated these rights had broken the social contract and could justly be overthrown. • Wrote Two Treatises of Government 1689
  • 15. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England The ideas of Hobbes and Locke inspired changes in how government worked …. Parliament began to put safeguards into law so that their rights as citizens could be protected.
  • 16. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Using your book, complete this chart. Safeguard Purpose Habeas Corpus Act protected individuals from unfair arrest and imprisonment English Bill of Rights declared Parliament would choose who ruled the country; subjected ruler to parliamentary laws; prohibited ruler from imposing taxes or maintaining an army in peaceful times without Parliament’s consent; guaranteed free speech for members of Parliament; gave citizens the right to petition the government; declared citizens should not be required to pay excessive bail or be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment Act of Toleration granted Protestant dissenters some religious freedoms
  • 17. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England With those safeguards, we now see the growth of Parliamentary Rule in England. No more divine right of king! • Parliament held most of the power. • The Cabinet: officers of state chosen from leaders in Parliament • Act of Union 1707 created Great Britain • The Hanoverian Kings • Sir Robert Walpole – first Prime Minister
  • 18. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England The government of England will now be a Limited Constitutional Monarchy. Monarchy • The monarch remained Britain’s head of state. • Royal powers were clearly limited. • The Prime Minister was pretty much the real head of government because the king’s power had been reduced.
  • 19. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Now it is time for your quiz. Grab your notes and a pencil. Do not use your textbook!