The document summarizes several key Civil War battles from Fort Sumter in April 1861 to the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. It describes how the Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, leading to its surrender after 34 hours, and several southern states subsequently seceding from the Union. Several early battles resulted in high casualties that exceeded all previous American wars. The Union suffered defeats at Bull Run but had victories capturing forts and cities in Tennessee and New Orleans. The bloodiest single-day battle of the war occurred at Antietam in September 1862, with over 26,000 casualties, after which Lee retreated back to Virginia.

1. BATTLES Civil War Volume I Ft. Sumter to Antietam Information from thehistoryplace.com, PBS, The American Nation textbook, and historychannel.com

2. Ft. Sumter After the Revolution, U.S. beefed up security along the coast by building forts, like Ft. Sumter, off the shore of Charleston, SC.

3. When SC seceded, SC believed that any previous government holdings should belong to SC.

4. S.C. tried to negotiate w/U.S., but getting nowhere w/ that, they surrounded the harbor and the fort w/ men and artillery. U.S. Maj. Robert Anderson had only 88 men and enough rations for a couple of weeks. Gen. Beauregard waited.

5. Confederate Pres. Davis got word that U.S. Pres. Lincoln was sending reinforcements to the fort, so he ordered Beauregard to attack the fort. Lincoln Davis

6. Beauregard began about 4:30 A.M., April 12, 1861. 34 hours later, Anderson and his men surrendered the fort.

7. Days later… Virginia seceded. Lincoln blockaded southern ports.

8. Weeks later… Ark., Tenn., and N. Carolina seceded, making 11 CSA(Confederate) states .

9. July 4, 1861, Lincoln called for 500,000 Union recruits.

10. July 21, 1861…about 25 miles from Washington, D.C. Stonewall Jackson got his nickname helping Johnston defeat McDowell @ Bull Run . Lincoln saw the South as a tough opponent.

11. Lincoln replaced McDowell w/ McClellan , making him Commander of the Potomac, and later, all Union forces.

12. Feb. 1862 “ Unconditional Surrender” Grant won battles @ Fort Henry and Fort Donelson , leaving the TN River and Nashville in Union hands.

13. March 1862-Hampton Rds.,VA The South rebuilt USS Merrimack as ironclad CSS Virginia . She sank 2 ships, then tied w/ the ironclad Monitor .

14. March 8-9, 1862 Peninsular Campaign McClellan went from Washington down the Potomac toward Richmond, VA (CSA capital).

15. April 6-7,1862 Grant surprised @ Shiloh , TN Casualties : 13,000 / 10,000 More than in all previous wars combined!

16. April 24, 1862 Union Navy’s officer Farragut took New Orleans. His famous quote later in the war: “Damn the torpedoes! Full speed ahead!”

17. May 31, 1862 Battle of 7 Pines CSA Gen. Johnston attacked McClelland close to Richmond. Johnston wounded.

18. June 1, 1862 Robert E. Lee became the General of the “Army of Northern Virginia.”

19. June 25- July 1, 1862 7 Days Battles CSA General Lee drove McClellan back toward Washington

20. August 29-30, 1862 2 nd Battle of Bull Run

21. CSA had 20,000 fewer men, Stonewall Jackson and James Longstreet sent Pope’s Union troops back to Washington.

22. Lincoln relieved Union General Pope of his command.

23. September 17,1862 Antietam, Maryland Lee with 50,000 pushed northward. McClellan cut him off with 90,000.

24. Antietam -The bloodiest battle Over 26,000 casualties. Lee went back to VA.