Western philosophy developed through various historical periods and schools of thought. In ancient Rome, Stoicism emphasized morality, virtue and emotional control. During the Medieval period, Scholasticism applied philosophy to religious doctrines. The Renaissance saw the rise of Humanism and an emphasis on understanding humanity. The Enlightenment era was defined by Rationalism, which viewed reason as the basis of knowledge, and Empiricism, which held that knowledge comes from experience. Modern philosophy included movements like Existentialism, which focused on individual responsibility, and Pragmatism, which emphasized practical applications of ideas.

1. Western Philosophy
By: NOAH M. CANCIO

2. The development of
Western Philosophy is
define by the emergence
of various school of
thought in various
periods in history

3. Ancient Rome
(1st century BCE to 5th century BCE
Stoicism
Emphasis on morality,
virtue,
calm and emotional
fortitude

5. Medieval Period
(5th to 15th centuries)
SCHOLASTICISM
Application of philosophy
to define and explain
religious doctrines

7. Renaissance
(14th to 17th centuries)
Emphasis on human person;
use of philosophy to understand
the society, nature and humanity
Humanism

9. The Enlightenment
(17th to 18th centuries)
Rationalism Empiricism
Social and
Political
Philosophy

10.  Reason and logic considered the basis
of Knowledge and belief; man has
innate knowledge that can be accessed
through intuition or deduction.
the view that regards reason as the chief
source and test of knowledge.
 Rational comes from the Latin word
rationalis, meaning reasonable or logical.
Rationalism

12. EMPIRICISM
 Knowledge is gained through the senses and
experience; reliance on inductive reasoning to
arrive at generalizations.
 The view that all concepts originate in experience,
that all concepts are about or applicable to things
that can be experienced, or that all rationally
acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable
or knowable only through experience.
 From the Greek word empeiria, “experience.”

14. Social and Political
Philosophy
Discussions on the ideal human
situation and society; emphasis
on individual rights and
liberties.

16. Modern Period
(19th to 20th centuries)
Pragmatism
Absurdism
Existentialism
Post Modernism,
Post- structuralism
Phenomenology

17. EXISTENTIALISM
Emphasizes the individual as a free agent
responsible for his actions.
Human experience is defined by the views,
emotions and actions of the individual.

19. PRAGMATISM
 means thinking of or dealing with problems in a
practical way, rather than by using theory or
abstract principles.
 Emphasis on the practical use of knowledge and
ideas
 The word pragmatism is derived from the
Greek pragma (“action,” or “affair”).
 It stresses the priority of action over doctrine, of
experience over fixed principles, and it holds that
ideas borrow their meanings from their
consequences and their truths from their
verification.

21.  is based on the premise
that reality consists of objects and events
("phenomena") as they are perceived or
understood in the human consciousness,
and not of anything independent of human
consciousness.
 Experience is studied based on the
subjective view point of the individual.
PHENOMENOLOGY

23. ABSURDISM
Man will never understand
the human
condition and the
meaning of life.

25. Post Modernism,
Post- structuralism
Analysis on how
knowledge, ideas and
power
relations are defined

27. Where do you belong?