The document provides an introduction to philosophy, defining it as the study of reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language. It outlines some of the main philosophical questions debated in different branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, logic and axiology. Metaphysics examines concepts like existence, time, causation and the relationship between mind and body. Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge, truth and justification. Logic analyzes principles of reasoning and argumentation. Axiology includes ethics, aesthetics and political philosophy which study values, beauty and justice. The document contrasts the methods of philosophy and science.

1. Introduction to
Philosophy
By
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Philo Sophia

2. Introduction
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3. What is Philosophy?
• The Ancient Greek word “philosophia”
was probably coined by Pythagoras
and literally means "love of wisdom" or
"friend of wisdom".
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Philo Sophia

4. What is Philosophy?
• Philosophy is the study of the general
and fundamental nature of reality,
existence, knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language.
(Source: Wikipedia)
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5. The noticeable people
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6. Some Philosophical questions
• What is good?
• What is beauty?
• Do we have free will?
• Does the world around us exist?
• What is a person?
• What is truth?
• What is evil?
• What is the relationship between mind and body?
• What is science?
• Does God exist?
• What is philosophy?
• What is love?
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7. Branches in Philosophy
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8. Branches in Philosophy
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• Philosophy, like most academic fields, actually
consists of several main branches.
• These branches themselves have sub-
branches and can become very specialized
as one progresses through the field of study.
Metaphysics Epistemology
Logic. Axiology
Philosophy

9. Metaphysics
• Metaphysics is the study of the most
general features of reality, such as
existence, time, the relationship
between mind and body, objects and
their properties, wholes and their
parts, events, processes, and
causation.
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10. Metaphysics (cont.)
• Metaphysics is sometimes split up
into
o Ontology
• The philosophy of real life and living things
o The philosophy of mind
o The philosophy of religion
• But these sub-branches are very
close together.
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11. Metaphysics (cont.)
• Typical questions of interest
o What is reality?
o Is there anything very special about being a human being
or being alive at all?
o What is space?
o What is time?
o What is a mind?
o What is a body?
o What is consciousness?
o Do people have souls?
o Is there a God who created the Universe?
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12. Epistemology
• Epistemology is concerned with the
nature and scope of knowledge, such
as the relationships between truth,
belief, perception and theories of
justification.
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13. Epistemology (cont.)
• Typical questions of interest
o What is knowledge?
o How can we know anything?
o What is science?
o What is truth?
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14. Logic
• Logic is the study of the principles of
correct reasoning.
• Arguments use either deductive
reasoning or inductive reasoning.
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15. Logic (cont.)
• Typical questions of interest
o How can we reason correctly?
o How does the truth of an argument's premise affect the
truth of its conclusion?
o What do the words we use mean?
o How can we say things (especially ideas) in a way that
only has one meaning?
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16. Axiology (Study of values)
• Ethics
o Studies questions of how we should act.
• Aesthetics
o Studies questions about art and beauty
• Social/Political Philosophy
o Studies questions of which political and/or economic
institutions are most fair and just
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17. Axiology (cont.)
• Typical questions of interest
o What has value?
o Is time really money? or have we made it so?
o Does love, beauty, or justice hold any value?
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18. Science vs. Philosophy vs.
Religions
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19. SciencePhilosophyReligions
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20. Philosophy vs. Science
• Philosophers like to start with their
conclusions, and work to prove them
• The primary tool of science is actual
experimentation
o From observing the results of experiments, one
comes to conclusions
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21. Philosophy vs. Religions
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22. Thank You !
Presented by
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23. "We are what we repeatedly do.
Excellence, then, is not an act,
but a habit."
~ Aristotle.
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24. You may also interested in
“How to be a real professional”
http://www.slideshare.net/auroracslk/how-to-
be-a-real-professional
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25. Contact Information
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Summerset College,
# 135, 3rd Floor,
DFCC Building,
High Level Road,
Maharagama.
0115 690 290
City Study Center
Aurora Computer Studies,
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BOC Building,
High Level Road,
Kirulapone, Colombo 06
0703 001 010
For further details and enquiries :
Call - 0719 842030
E-mail – info@auroracs.lk
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