1) The document discusses the concept of a welfare state, which is a system of government focused on promoting economic well-being and equality among citizens. 2) It provides definitions and history of welfare states, noting they originated in Europe in the 19th-20th centuries and were pioneered by leaders like Bismarck and Asquith. 3) Examples are given of both successes and challenges of welfare states, such as Nordic countries exemplifying welfare states while inequality has increased in the UK in recent decades.

1. WELFARE STATE
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2. REFERENCES
• www.centreforwelfarereform.org
• The Professional Reclassification of Youth in Arendt H (2007) The Jewish Writings.
New York, Shocken. p.30
• www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_g-QDKsXk0 last viewed on 4 Nov 2016
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d99DY1jcGqI&t=20s last viewed on 7 Nov
2016
• Chopra, D. (2014): Welfare, Development, Rights in South Asia, in: G. Koehler and D.
Chopra (eds.): Development and Welfare Policy in South Asia. Abingdon: Routledge.
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3. REFERENCES
• Koehler, G. (2011): Transformative Social Protection: eflections on South Asian
Policy Experiences, in: IDS Bulletin, Social Protection for Social Justice, 42(6): 96–
103.
• UNDP (2013): Human Development Report. New York: UNDP; available at:
www.undp.org
• UN DESA (2013): Inequality Matters: Report on the World Social Situation 2013.
New York, United Nations.
• ILO (2010): World Social Security Report; available at: www.ilo.org.
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4. INTRODUCTION
•A welfare state is a system of government which is
based on equality of wealth and opportunity and
its distribution.
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5. DEFINITION
• A concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and
promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens.
• A welfare state is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable
distribution of wealth and public responsibility for those unable to avail
themselves of the minimal provisions of a good life. Under this system, the
welfare of its citizens is the responsibility of the state.
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6. DEFINITION IN U.S. PREAMBLE
• “We the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect
union, establish justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this
constitution for the United States of America.”
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7. HISTORY
• Welfare State is originated around 19 - 20 century, was
rooted in Europe as a form of government. Further, it
spread enormously among nations.
• In Germany, the foremost Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
generated the modern welfare state in early 1840s.
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8. HISTORY
• In U.K. generation of a welfare state took place during the
time of Prime Minister Herbert Asquith in 1906–1914.
• In U.S.A. the welfare state was introduced by Lester Frank
Ward (1841–1913), known as “the ancestor of the modern
welfare state.”
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9. IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF
WELFARE STATE
• Country of mix economy
• The high level of economic development of the country, which allows for
redistribution of incomes of the population, without prejudice to the large
owners
• Socialistic by nature which is based on equality. That is Social Democracy.
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10. IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF
WELFARE STATE
• Control over the economic activities by government and monitoring to the
private organizations
• Legalize and manage all private organizations. Such control includes
registration, licensing, taxation etc.
• A welfare state ensures justice to all.
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11. FUNCTIONS
• Education, at least for primary and secondary levels;
• Health access for all, in terms of services and funding
mechanisms;
• Social protection in its components of contributory social
security and tax-funded social assistance;
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12. FUNCTIONS
• Active labour market policies to generate employment, as well as
microcredit and insurance provisions for the enterprise sector; and
• Family policy, such as child-related policies and welfare services.
• Recently, environmental policy – policies and measures that address
environmental sustainability – has been seen as integral to welfare
state policy (UNRISD 2014).
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13. ADVANTAGES - WHY IT IS IMPORTANT
• Retired people/pensioners receive state/retirement pension.
• Women whose husbands die before they retire if they are aged 45 or over
receive widow’s pension.
• Women who leave work to have a baby receive maternity pay.
• Every child until he/she leaves school or longer if the child continues
education (up to 19) receives child benefit.
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14. • A person who is out of work for up to a year receives unemployment
benefit.
• Families with children who have very low incomes receive family credit.
• A person who is unable to work after a sickness period receives invalidity
pension.
• Disabled people receive mobility allowance to pay for transport or to buy a
special vehicle etc.
ADVANTAGES - WHY IT IS IMPORTANT
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15. Now we will give an example to describe the problems a
welfare state faces if the welfare planning is not done
properly.
Let us take United Kingdom – U.K. as the example.
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16. AN EXAMPLE – UNITED KINGDOM
• ‘What has changed is our commitment to equality and justice?
Inequality has nearly doubled in a generation.’ - Dr Simon
Duffy about the welfare of U.K.
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17. IN U.K. -
INEQUALITY HAS NEARLY DOUBLED IN A
GENERATION
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20. GOVT. OF U.K.
NOW SPEND MUCH LESS ON REDISTRIBUTION
BUT SPEND
MUCH MORE ON SERVICES
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22. These trends seem particularly severe in the UK
where they have pulled off the undesirable trick of being
(a)The most unequal country in Europe
(b)Very hard working and
(c) Very unproductive.
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24. SINCE THE BANKING CRISIS AND 2010
ELECTION THINGS
HAVE GOT EVEN WORSE.
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28. WELFARE STATE AND BANGLADESH
• As per the Constitution, Bangladesh must be a welfare state with quality health
and education services to be ensured by the state. (The Daily Star, 2014)
•BUT is it actually achieved?
Let some statistics collected from different sources
to answer this question
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30. The Gini coefficient
is a measure of
statistical
dispersion
intended to
represent the
income
distribution of a
nation's residents,
and is the most
commonly used
measure of
inequality
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31. WELFARE STATE AND BANGLADESH
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32. WELFARE STATE AND BANGLADESH
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33. WELFARE STATE AND BANGLADESH
• Govt. arranged Govt. hospital, free primary education, public transport
for its citizen.
• Govt. of Bangladesh fails in ensuring justice to all.
• A welfare state must ensure Non-corrupted environment and
accomplishment of their requirements where Bangladesh fails
drastically.
• High effect of Red-Tapism, Nepotism in administrative structure and
culture etc.
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34. SO, WHAT WE NEED TO DO TO?
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35. • We need to move our attention upstream - beyond
services, treatments and institutions for the sake of the mass
people.
• Local government can play a critical leadership to ensure social
democracy, equality and others
• This will require a change in our thinking about own
roles - a need for humility etc.
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36. FINALLY-
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39. A welfare is not a charity rather it’s the right of the citizens. We
shouldn’t make it feel to the poor like charity. Because-
“Charity is not solidarity; it usually helps only isolated
individuals, with no overall plan; and that is why, in the end, it is
not productive.
Charity divides a people into those who give
and those who receive.”
And they are the True leaders who consider all of their citizens
as the “CITIZEN” – Not Burden –
BUT ---
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40. True leaders are hardly known to their followers.
Next after them are the leaders people know and admire;
after them, those they fear;
after them, those they despise.
To give no trust
is to get no trust.
When the work's done right, with no fuss or boasting,
ordinary people say,
“Oh! we did it.”
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41. •A PERFECT STATE DOESN’T EXIST BUT IT’S NOT EVEN
UNAFFORDABLE. BECAUSE –
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42. • As welfare state generated in Europe, a good example of welfare state is
found in Nordic countries. The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical
and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they
are most commonly known as Norden.
•Lets enjoy a video on that -
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